Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kufunika kwa mazira a bulauni kunakula, ndipo ogula anafuna kugulira. Kenaka obereketsawo anayamba kuwoloka mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zipolopolo za chokoleti.
Mbalame, zomwe zinatha kubweretsa, zotchedwa barnevelder, pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kufalikira.
Mbiri yakale
M'tawuni yaing'ono yotchedwa Barneveld mu 1850, alimi Van Esveld anayesa kubala mtundu watsopano mwa kudutsa mbalame zam'madzi ndi nkhuku za Kohinquin zomwe zimanyamula mazira ndi chipolopolo chofiira. Ntchito yobereketsa inapitilira, Rhode Island, carad langshans, mawonekedwe achikasu, maimfles, ndi ma Indian a papasant-brown mtundu zinawonjezeredwa kwa makolo achibadwidwe. Zotsatira zake zinali zowoneka ngati nkhuku zoweta ng'ombe, zomwe zinawonetsa zotsatira zabwino za mazira ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinanyamula mazira ndi zipolopolo zakuda, ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kukwaniritsa mtundu wakuda. 
Poyamba, iwo sanafune kuzindikira mtunduwu, popeza zinali zovuta kudzipatula, koma atapitiriza kugwira ntchito popita ndi kukhazikitsira miyezo mu 1923 (malinga ndi buku lina - mu 1910), mtunduwo unadziwika.
Mbalame za mtundu uwu zinatchuka kwambiri, zinakondweretsedwa m'nyumba zawo, ndipo posakhalitsa anazitengera ku Germany ndi England. 
Patatha zaka makumi angapo, kupititsa patsogolo miyambo ya mtundu ndi chidwi chokweza nkhuku monga mbalame zokongoletsera zinachititsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame ikhale yochepa.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa mitundu ndi nkhuku za nkhuku: velzumer, maran, amroks, chimphona cha Hungary, brown hawk, redbro, mfumukazi imvi, hubbard, highsex.
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Mtundu wa Barnevelder umasiyana ndi maonekedwe, mtundu, chikhalidwe, mazira abwino komanso makina osungunuka.
Kunja
Malingana ndi miyambo ya mtundu tambala:
- malamulowa ndi amphamvu, mawonekedwe ndi ozungulira, kukwera kwake kumakhala kochepa, kutalika ndi 1/3 kupitirira;
- khosi bwino nthenga, osati nthawi yayitali, koma yochepa;
- Nthiti ya nthiti yomwe imadulidwa, yayikulu, yokhala ndi bend;
- kumbuyo sikutalika, kumagawidwa m'kati mwake, kumakulira mu gawo la mchira;
- mapiko akukankhidwa motsutsana ndi thupi;
- mchira uli wamtali, wamphongo, osati wautali kwambiri;
- mimba ili yotsika, yayikulu, imagawidwa m'kati mwake;
- mutu uli wamtali, osati wam'mwamba kwambiri, wopanda mvula pa nkhope;
- Kachilombo kameneka, kamene kali ndi khungu kakang'ono, kamene kali ndi khungu lochepa, lingakhale ndi nsonga 4-6;
- ndevu zazing'ono;
- mapuloteni si aakulu kwambiri, opota, ochepa, ofiira;
- mdima wonyezimira wakuda, wamng'ono, koma waufupi;
- maso ali ndi lalanje lowala ndi zofiira zofiira;
- chiuno chachikulu, chofotokozedwa bwino, chinapangidwa;
- ma paws siatali kwambiri, fupa ndi loonda, lofiira;
- wolemera wolemera 3 mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu.
Khalani nkhuku Makhalidwe amtundu ndi awa:
- thupi ndi lalikulu, kutsika kuli kochepa, chifuwa chiri chachikulu, mimba ndi yofewa;
- kumbuyo sikukhala motalika kwambiri, kuwuka kwa mchira kumakhala khalidwe;
- mchira uli waukulu pamtambo, tapers ndi kutseguka;
- mapazi achikasu ndi imvi tinge;
- miyeso ya 2.5 mpaka 2.75 makilogalamu.
Kulemera kwake kwa mitundu yosiyana kwambiri sikoposa 1.5 makilogalamu, kawirikawiri 1 kg. 
Mbalame siziyenera kukhala:
- thupi laling'ono, lapamwamba kwambiri kapena lochepa kwambiri;
- mmbuyo;
- kupweteka kwakukulu kwa mzere wa kumbuyo;
- chofufumitsa chaching'ono;
- mimba yopapatiza;
- mchira wamphongo wochepa kapena wochotsedwa;
- misozi yamphongo;
- enamelled earlobes.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zikumbukira bwino nkhope za anthu, zidzamudziwa mwini wakeyo kutalika kwa mamita 10.
Mtundu
Nkhuku za Barnevelder zikhoza kukhala zofiira monga izi:
- mtundu;
- mu zoyera kapena zofiira.
Mitundu yamitundu yakale imakhala yofiirira, yofiira, yoyera, lavender imvi, yakuda ndi kuwirikiza kawiri mumdima kapena woyera. 
Wofiira wofiira Ali ndi mdima wambiri wakuda pa nthenga. Mbalame zimakhala ndi mawanga wakuda pamphuno mwawo, ndipo mchira wawo ndi wakuda ndi zakuda kwambiri. Pa mapiko, nthengazo ndizofiira kunja, zakuda mkati ndi nsalu ya brownish. Mtundu uwu umakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wa mthunzi umodzi, mdima wakuda sayenera kukhala wambiri. 
Mbalame zodzaza wofiira pa nthenga muli ndi kuphulika kwachiwiri.
Mtundu wakuda nkhuku imadziwika ndi zoyera ziwiri zoyera, ndi zoyera ndi zakuda.
Lavender imvi yokwera pa nthenga zakuda - Ichi ndi chisinthidwe chodziwika ku Netherlands. Ku US, nkhuku zokha za mtundu wofiira ndi bulazi zimadziwika. Ku Britain, mosiyana ndi mayiko ena, mbalame za mtundu wofiira ndi zoyera zoyera ziwiri, mchira woyera ndi mimba zimadziwika. M'mayiko ambiri, mtundu wa mtundu wa cuckoo sudziwika - khosi lofiirira, mdima wandiweyani wobiriwira, woyera wokongola, woyera woyera wa nthenga. 
Kukonza kawiri kumadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mbali ziwiri - m'katikati ndi wina mkati. Mbalame zili ndi nthenga zakuda kapena za msuzi pamutu ndi kumbuyo, m'mphepete mwawo ndi zobiriwira kapena zakuda, pakati ndi msuzi. Kukonzanso kawiri kumakhalanso pachifuwa, ntchafu, pamimba.
Nkhuku za mtundu wa brekel, silika wa China, bielefelder, Pavlovskaya, amawoneka ndi mawonekedwe okondweretsa.
Mtundu suyenera kukhala wofiira wakuda, wofiirira wofiira, tambala asakhale ndi mdima woyera mkati mwa mapiko ndi pamchira.
Mtundu wakuda omwe amadziwika ndi nsalu ya buluu, yochepa kwambiri. 
Mtundu woyera Zimaphatikizapo mithunzi kuchokera ku kirimu kupita ku mthunzi wamtengo wapatali wa siliva, wopanda maonekedwe achikasu.
Ku Netherlands, anthu ochepa okha amatha kukhala ndi mthunzi.
Mtundu wa nkhuku ndi wofiirira, wofiira, wakuda, wachikasu ndi bulauni. 
Makhalidwe
Barnevelders sali otukuka, okonda mtendere, ogwirizana ndi nkhuku zina, komanso mbalame ndi nyama, samaopa anthu, musawathamangire.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kunyamula mazira, nkhuku sizikusowa tambala, koma nkhuku sizingathamangire mazira.
Kupanga mazira apachaka
Barnewelders ndi opindulitsa kwambiri: Kuyambira kubadwa ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, chaka chilichonse amawononga mazira okwana 60-70 g. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimapitirizabe kutengedwa. Mazira awo ali mu chipolopolo chofiirira. Nthanga zazing'ono zimathamanga mazira olemera pafupifupi 40 g.
Pa nthawi ya molt, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kugwa, nkhuku sizifulumira. Mbalame za mazira zimawonongeka zikafika pofika zaka 3-4.
Pezani zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku sizikhala bwino, kunyamula mazira aang'ono, peck mazira, komanso mazira yaiwisi abwino.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Chibadwa cha nkhuku mu nkhuku chimakula bwino, sichimangoganizira za ana awo okha, koma zimatha kuphwanya mazira a mitundu ina. Pafupifupi, mazira pafupifupi 95% amapulumuka, ndipo nkhuku zimathawa. 
Zomwe amangidwa
Kupatsa nkhuku zabwino ku Barnevelder ndikumanga nkhuku molondola ndikukonzekera bwalo lakuyenda.
Zofunikira za Coop
Mitundu ya nkhuku izi ziyenera kusuntha kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti musasunge pakhomo. Ngati simupatsa operekera mpata mwayi woyenda kwambiri, iwo ayamba kukhala ndi matenda ogwirizanitsa pamasaya awo.
Kholayo iyenera kukhala yayikulu yokwanira 1 lalikulu. m analibe nkhuku zoposa zisanu, komanso bwino - 3. Ngati zimakhala kuchokera kumpoto ndi nyumba ina, ndiye kuti sizingatheke chifukwa cha mphepo yoziziritsa - zojambula zimakhudza kwambiri mbalame. Komabe, mpweya wazing'ono ndi ma grilles uyenera kuwonetseredwa, mpweya mu chipinda sayenera kuphulika.
Mpweya wabwino umakuthandizani kuteteza kutentha ndi chinyezi mu nkhuku coop. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbalamezi zizikhala bwino bwino komanso zimathandiza kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino.
Komanso, mbalame zimafuna zabwino kuunikiridwa, payenera kukhala mawindo m'nyumba ya nkhuku. Kuti iwo azitenga mazira, ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 17 pa tsiku, kotero kuunikira kwina kuli kofunikira ndi njira zopangira, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. 
Chinthu chofunika pa zomwe zilipo ndi kusakhala kwa mvula yamkuntho komanso kusefukira kwa madzi, choncho ndi bwino kupanga maziko pansi pa nkhuku coop columnar. Kenaka mvula yamkuntho kapena chisanu chosungunuka sichidzawatsuka, nthawi zonse idzakhala youma pamenepo.
Mabwalo Iwo amatha kutentha bwino ngati ataphimbidwa ndi dothi, komanso pokonza mchenga, utuchi kapena shavings. Poyeretsa nyumba ya nkhuku, chitsamba chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse, kotero kuyamwa kwake kudzakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 15 pachaka pa mbalame.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za kusankha ndi kugula kwa nkhuku nkhuku, yopanga komanso yopititsa patsogolo nkhuku nkhuku.
Makoma mu nkhuku nkhuku, mukhoza kumanga kuchokera ku nkhuni, njerwa kapena chophimba, njira yoyamba ndi yabwino chifukwa sichimafuna kuwonjezera zina ndi kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kupereka zinthu zabwino kwa Barnevelder, kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala pakati pa +18 ndi +25 ° C.
Pakhomalo, mpata umaperekedwa pakhomo ndikuyika pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera ku maziko, ndikuphimba, kumanga ndime yaying'ono mu mawonekedwe a khola, ndikupachika chitseko.
Pa mamita 1 kuchokera pansi ndi ndodo zomangira zisa, mtunda womwe uli pafupi masentimita 30, ndi kutalika kwake - masentimita asanu. 
Kumalo a mdima, zisa zimayikidwa mothandizidwa ndi udzu, madzi, utuchi, nyemba, ndi nkhuku, kuti nkhuku zinyamulidwe.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi utitiri, nkhuku zimatenga madzi osambira omwe amathira phulusa. Izi zosakaniza zimatsanuliridwa mabokosi a pafupi 0,5 mita mamita. m
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa odyetsa ndi oledzera, omwe ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuti mbalame zisamabalalitse chakudya kuchokera kumeneko ndikukwawa pakati. Apatseni chakudya chokopa kapena seyala.
Dziwani bwino mtundu wa nkhuku, nyama, dzira la nyama, malangizo okongoletsera.
Bwalo la kuyenda
Pafupi ndi nkhuku nkhuku, muyenera kuyika malo oyenda maulendo 2 kukula kwa nkhuku nkhuku, yomwe ili ndi mpanda osachepera 2 mamita pamwamba, mwinamwake mbalame zikhoza kuwoloka. Gawoli liyenera kukhala kutali ndi munda, mwinamwake nkhuku zidzakumba ndikuwononga mbewu.
Ayeneranso kupatsidwa denga kuti apatse ana aakazi mwayi woti abise ku dzuwa lotentha. 
Momwe mungapiririre ozizira
Mbalame zozizira zimalekerera bwino. Popanda chisanu, mbalame ikhoza kuyenda m'nyengo yozizira. Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa nkhuku nkhu sikutsika m'munsimu +5 ° C.
Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza kusamalira nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira: kumanga nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha.
Kodi mungadyetse nkhuku zotani?
Barnewelders ndi chakudya chodzichepetsa. Ngakhale kuti ku Ulaya amadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zosakaniza, mmalo mwathu, iwo amadya tirigu, mazira owiritsa, tchizi, ndi ufa wa chimanga.
Ndikofunikira! Mu chiwerengero cha chakudya cha 60% ayenera kukhala tirigu - balere, mapira, tirigu, chimanga, manyuchi, oats, rye, buckwheat.
Adyetseni kawiri pa tsiku:
- m'mawa - cha 8 koloko;
- madzulo - maola 17.
Zakudya zonse patsiku ndi 75-150 g. Pambuyo pa maola 0.5 mutatha kudya, zakudya zamtunduwu zimachotsedwa kuti mbalame zisasambe ndi mafuta.
Ngati calcium sichiperekedwa kwa mbalame, ubwino wa mazira ukhoza kuvutika. Choncho, amadyetsedwa ndi choko, amadzimanga ndi zipolopolo, zipolopolo zowonongeka, ndi kupaka ndi mandimu. 
Chakudya chiyenera kupereka mapuloteni m'thupi la nkhuku, chifukwa amapatsidwa nettle, clover, nsonga, nyemba, yisiti, ufa, nyemba. Yilusa imaperekedwa mu diliti 15 g patsiku. Kuti tichite izi, 30 g ya yisiti yatha mu 3 malita a madzi ofunda ndipo imaphatikizapo maola 8.
Mafuta ndi ofunika kwambiri, amabwera ndi tchizi, tchifu kapena chakudya cha nsomba (zomwe zimakhala zochepa, kuti zisasokoneze mazira).
Kukhala ndi mazira ambiri ku nkhuku, sikokwanira kusankha mtundu ndi dzira lapamwamba popanga. Ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino zakudya zawo, kupereka zinthu zonse zofunika ndi mavitamini.
Kudyetsa chakudya m'thupi kudzapereka chakudya kuchokera ku mbewu, mbatata, beets, zukini ndi masamba ena. Ngati njere iyamba kumera, idzakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri E ndi B.
Nkhuku ziyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wotsuka komanso watsopano. madzi. Amafunikanso miyala, yomwe ingathe kufalikira pamalo akuyenda.
Zimabereka
Zomera zoberekera ndi zosavuta, ndikwanira kuti azisamalira bwino achinyamata.
Kukuta mazira
Pofuna kubala mtundu uwu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa, kuika mazira omwe adagulidwa kapena kuikidwa ndi nkhuku zawo. Mukhozanso kuika mazira pansi pa nkhuku nkhuku kapena kugula nkhuku zowakidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pafupifupi, pafupifupi 94% a Barnevelder amabereka nkhuku.
Kusamalira ana
Pambuyo pakutha, nkhuku zimafunikira kuwala kozungulira nthawi zonse komanso kutentha kwake kufika 35 ° C. Pambuyo masiku awiri, kufunika kowala nthawi zonse kumatha, ndipo patapita masiku asanu ndi awiri mukhoza kuyamba kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya. Pofuna kuwonjezera matenda a nkhuku, ayenera katemera.
Chikudya Chakudya
Katemera atangoyamba kugwira ntchito, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa maola awiri, pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, zakudya zisanu ndi ziwiri zimakhala zokwanira. Yambani kudyetsa nkhuku yophika dzira, yomwe imakulungidwa mu semolina, kuti musamamatire ndi madzi. Kuchokera tsiku lotsatira, mukhoza kuyamba kuwonjezera kanyumba tchizi, mapira, masamba, nsomba, patapita masiku asanu amayamba kuyika miyala, mchenga, ndi mchere. N'zotheka kupereka chakudya chamagulu kuti nkhuku zikhale. Mbewu yonseyi imayamba kuperekedwa mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene anabadwa. 
Nkhuku zimafuna madzi abwino, mkaka uyenera kutayidwa chifukwa cha zovuta za chimbudzi.
Mbuzi m'malo mwake
Nkhuku zimatha kukhala ndi mazira kwa zaka zoposa 10, koma patapita zaka 3-4 chiwerengero cha mazira aikidwa, kuchepa kwake kukucheperachepera. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhuku nyama imakhala yolimba komanso yosasangalatsa. Choncho, nthawi ndi nthawi muzitsatira malo oweta nkhosa.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino wa mtunduwu ndi:
- chikhalidwe;
- kudzichepetsa;
- kupanga mazira abwino;
- mazira akulu;
- kukoma kokoma kwa nyama;
- maonekedwe okongola ndi mtundu wa eggshell;
- mtundu wa mazira;
- kutulutsa ana;
- kupulumuka kwa ana;
- matenda;
- kukana kozizira;
- mwayi wochita nawo mawonetsero.
Komabe, kuswana mtundu uli ndi ubwino wake:
- chizoloŵezi cha matenda a ziwalo;
- kufunika kupereka nkhuku yaikulu ya nkhuku ndi malo omasuka omangidwa kuti aziyenda;
- mtengo wapatali.
Vesi: nkhuku zowonjezera siliva
Choncho, nkhumbazi ndizokongola kwambiri zomwe sizidzakondweretsa inu zokongola, koma ndi nyama zokoma, mazira ochuluka ndi chipolopolo chofiira. Simusowa kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, kupanga zofunikira kuti zisamalire, koma zoyenera ndizofunikira, makamaka ponena za malo akuluakulu ndi malo. Koma muyenera kuganizira kuti mwa mwayi wokhala ndi mbalame zotere muyenera kuzungulira pang'ono.
