Rodrigo mbatata zosiyanasiyana: makhalidwe, kulima magetsi

Mbatata ya Rodrigo ndi yodziwika bwino-yosiyana-siyana, yomwe yakhala ikudziwika chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri, kusintha kofulumira kwa nyengo ndi njira zosavuta zolima. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimadaliranso zofuna zake kwa wamaluwa abwino kwambiri. Ngati simukuopa kuyesa chinthu chatsopano, tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe bwino za zosiyana siyana, malamulo odzala ndi makhalidwe a chisamaliro.

Zamkatimu:

• Malongosoledwe a zomera
• Tubers
• Mitengo
• Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
• Matenda oteteza matenda
• Malamulo a kucha
• Pereka
• Kunyada
• Zigawo zikukula
• Malamulo obwera
• Nthawi yabwino
• Kusankha malo
• Otsatira abwino ndi oipa
• Kukonzekera kwa dothi
• Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
• Ndondomeko ndi kuya kwake
• Momwe mungasamalire
• Kuthirira
• Kudyetsa
• Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
• Hilling
• Kuchiza mankhwala
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Mphamvu ndi zofooka
• Ndemanga

Kuswana

Mbatata "Rodrigo" (m'mabuku omwe nthawi zina mumatha kupeza dzina lakuti "Rodrigue") - ichi ndichilendo cha kusankha kwa Germany. Woyambitsa (wotsimikizira zomwe zinapanga zosiyanasiyana) ndi Solana GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). Mbatata iyi yodabwitsa yakhala ikudziwika kale mmbuyo mwathu.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Kubwera kuchokera ku Germany kumaoneka bwino. Zotsatira zamtundu wina zakuthambo ndizofanana ndi "Rodrigo".

Mitundu ya mbatata monga "Luck", "Kiwi", "Impala", "Lorch", "Zhuravinka", "Cherry", "Queen Anna", "Sante", "Ilyinsky", "Picasso" ndi " Irbitsky ".

Tubers

Mbatata ili ndi oblong tubers (yokhala ndi ovunda mawonekedwe). Zithunzizo ndi zazikulu (pafupifupi ndi chifuwa cha munthu wamkulu), kulemera kwake ndi 80-150 g. Ndibwino kuti nyengo izikhala bwino, komanso ngati zokolola zimalandira bwino, mukhoza kukolola tubers zolemera 250-300 g komanso pafupifupi 500 g. Muchitsanzo chokhwima, peel ndi yosalala, yandiweyani, koma yoonda kwambiri. Mtundu wa khungu umasiyana ndi pinki yofiira mpaka wofiira. Maso ang'onoang'ono ali pamtunda pokhapokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbatata zisamawonongeke.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusunga zinthu zonse zothandiza za "Rodrigo" ndi zofunika kuphika (wiritsani kapena kuphika) osaphimbidwa, ndiko kuti, m'matumba.

Mnofu ndi wolimba, uli ndi chikasu chowala kwambiri, nthawi zina kuwala kofiira kapena zonona. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mtundu wa zamkati umakhala wowala. Mafuta abwino kwambiri ndi mitundu ya chikasu. "Rodrigo" ndizosiyana - zosiyana zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Muzu wa mbeu uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso kukoma kokoma ndi mfundo zokoma. Mitengo yowuma (wowuma) - pafupifupi 12-15% - imatanthawuza kusinthasintha kwa malo omwe amapita. Maonekedwe a tubers amasungidwa bwino nthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha (kuphika kapena kukotcha), popanda kukhala phala.

Mitengo

Zomera zosakanikirana, za kutalika kwapakati kapena zapakati pafupi (kutalika kwake - 75-80 cm). Chitsamba chilichonse chikuphatikizapo 3-5 mphukira. Pamene mbatata imapsa, mphukira imakula pang'onopang'ono, nsongazo zimakhala zachikasu, chitsamba chimakhala "chogawanika." Masambawa ndi ochepa kwambiri, amajambulapo mdima wobiriwira. Masamba amadziwika ndi sing'anga kukula, makwinya, mawonekedwe a mbatata mawonekedwe (popanda kuphwanya).

Mphepete mwa tsamba la masamba ali ndi kupsa mtima pang'ono. Maluŵa akufalikira si ochuluka kwambiri. Kukula kwa maluwa ndi sing'anga yaikulu. Petals lilac-pinki, nthawizina pabuka, corollas woyera.

Timamera mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu, pansi pa udzu ndikumawadyetsa isanafike nyengo yozizira.

Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Chidwi chachikulu cha Rodrigo chosiyana ndi chifukwa cha ziyeneretso zake zosatsutsika. Ndipo pinki yokongola imakhala nthawi zonse mu makhalidwe ake abwino.

Matenda oteteza matenda

Nzika ya ku Germany ndi ya mtundu wa mitundu yosagonjetsedwa. Kukula uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mbatata ndi mavairasi omwe mitundu ina imadwala. The pinki kukongola samawopa ngakhale tuber khansa, nematode, nkhanambo ndi mochedwa choipitsa.

Malamulo a kucha

"Rodrigo" akuphatikizidwa m'gulu la mitundu yoyambirira. Kutalika kwa nyengo yokula (kuyambira kubzala) ndi masiku 70-85. Komabe, kukula msinkhu kumabwera patsogolo pa luso. Ngati mulibe chipiriro chokwanira, mukhoza kukumba tchire tisanafike kucha (pafupifupi masiku 60 pambuyo pa mphukira). Nthanga ya mchenga wachinyamata ndi woonda, mosavuta kumbuyo kwa zamkati - zonsezi zimasonyeza kuti "Rodrigo" ali wokonzeka kudya.

Mukudziwa? Zolemba za kuyeretsa mbatata ndi za German Linde Thomsen - mayi yemwe anagwiritsira ntchito 10.49 makilogalamu a mbatata mu mphindi 10 zokha.

Pereka

Zokolola za dziko la Germany ndi zodabwitsa - zimamera zikuwonetsedwa mofulumira komanso mozama. Pafupifupi mbewu 8-10 zazikulu zimatha kuchotsedwa ku chitsamba chimodzi, ndipo zoposa 600 makilogalamu akuluakulu a tubers kuchokera ku tchire. Pa mafakitale, zokolola zambiri ndi 1.5-2 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi (maximum - 4 makilogalamu) kapena matani 45 pa hekta imodzi.

Kunyada

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika ndi khalidwe la kusunga bwino (kusunga kusunga) ndi mtundu wamakono wopereka mbewu. 90-95% ya mbatata kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi zimakhala ndi malonda abwino (kupezeka). Zitsanzo zonse zimapangidwa bwino, umphumphu wa mbatata sizingawonedwe, ndipo samafota nthawi yosungirako.

Zigawo zikukula

Kulima kwa "Rodrigo" kumatheka m'madera onse a ku Ulaya, m'madera onse a nyengo. Kuyesedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochitika m'madera osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya kwawonetsa zotsatira zabwino: zosiyanasiyana sizimatentha, kuzizira kapena chilala. Mbatata imakhala yabwino kumpoto ndi kummwera, ngakhale akatswiri amalimbikitsa mmadera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Olima amamasamba ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amalima mbatata ku dacha plots ndipo ndemanga zawo zimatsimikizira zotsatira za zotsatira zake. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Russia, kumene kulimbikitsidwa kulima m'madera ambiri. Malingana ndi akatswiri, dera lokonda kwambiri m'derali ndi Middle Volga dera. Komabe, pinki yokongola imasonyeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri m'madera amene angatchedwe "malo omwe ali ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri."

Malamulo obwera

"Rodrigo" amadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka za tubers, muyenera kudziwa bwino nsonga za kulima izi.

Mbatata m'matumba - phunzirani kukula.

Nthawi yabwino

Fulumira ndi kumsika "Rodrigo" sangakhoze, koma mochedwa komanso safunika. Malinga ndi malo, nthawi yoyenera ikhale yoyamba sabata ziwiri kapena mwezi watha wa May. Mbatata imabzalidwa pamene dothi limazama pafupifupi masentimita 10 limapweteka mpaka 8 ... + 10 ° С. Ponena za kutentha kwa mpweya, ndizotheka kuti masiku 7-8 asanayambe kutuluka masana angadzuke kufika 18+ +20 ° С ndi apamwamba. Ngati muli ndi mwayi woteteza kubzala kuchokera ku chisanu, pitani mbeu zapakati pazomera za mitengo ya birch ndi dandelion maluwa (ndiko, kumayambiriro kwa May). Kumadera omwe nthawi zambiri amawomba chisanu, amalepheretsa kubzala mpaka mbalame yamaluwa yamatcheri ndi lilac ikuyamba kuyenda (ndiko kumapeto kwa May). Olima munda, kudalira kalendala ya mwezi, analangiza kuti azidzala chikhalidwe pa mwezi wotsalira, monga momwe mungathetsere mwezi wonse. Koma mwezi watsopano ndi masiku angapo zisanatengedwe kuti ndizosautsa kwambiri. Mphukira imasonyezedwa patatha masiku 8-15 mutabzala, nyengo yozizira, njirayi imachedwekera mpaka masiku makumi awiri.

Kusankha malo

Zomwe zimapanga dothi la Germany sizinthu. Mbande iliyonse ili yabwino, kupatula mchenga woyera kapena nthaka yolemera kwambiri. Koma zabwino zonsezi zimakula pa dothi la mchenga ndi loamy.

Ndikofunikira! "Rodrigo" salola kuti nthaka ikhale yamchere. Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa acidity ndi kuchokera ku 5.5 mpaka 7.0 pH.

Taganiziraninso kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumathandiza kwambiri pa chikhalidwe ichi. Cholinga chodzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki chiyenera kukhala bwino. The windiness ya nyengo imakhudzanso zokolola za mbatata. Malo abwino ndi nyengo yamkuntho popanda mphepo yamkuntho. Chinthu chinanso chofunika kuti malo otsetsereka amalowe pansi pamadzi. Tubers sayenera kupezeka kumadera otsika, komwe kuli madzi ndi mphutsi zomwe zingatheke. Ngati madzi apansi akuyandikira pamwamba pa malo anu, ikani tubers pamwamba pa zitunda kapena zitunda. Ngati chiwembucho chiuma, pitani mitsuko mumadzi.

Otsatira abwino ndi oipa

Yang'anani zokolola - mbatata imakula pamlingo womwewo osati msanga kuposa zaka 3-4. Kuonjezera apo, mbatata imaletsedwa kubzala pambuyo pa ena a banja la Solanaceae (tomato, tsabola, eggplant). Mitundu yonseyi imakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwe amafala ndi majeremusi. Ndipo ngakhale Rodrigo sakhala ndi matenda ambiri a mbatata, ndibwino kuti tipewe zoterezi.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa mbatata.

M'malo mwake, malo omwe dzungu, kabichi ndi zomera zowonjezera zimakula zikuyenera. Ndipo oyendetsa bwino ndiwo ndiwo mbeu (clover, oats, ndevu zoyera), kumasula nthaka, kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi oxygen ndi nitrojeni.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Dothi liyenera kukonzekera pasanadze kuti mubzala "Rodrigo" kuyambira kugwa:

1. Ndikofunika kuti musanamere nthaka ndi feteleza. Mu kugwa, gwiritsani ntchito kuvala pamwamba pa mawonekedwe owuma (25-30 g wa nayitrogeni ndi 10-15 g ya zakudya za potaziyamu zikhale zokwanira mita imodzi).
2. Dulani pansi mpaka masentimita 30.
3. Pofuna kukumba malo mosamala, tsambulani zotsalira za zomera, osayiwala mizu ya namsongole.
4. Ndi kuchuluka kwa acidification kwa nthaka (ngati chizindikiro cha asidi-m'munsi sichikhala pa 5.5-7 pH), ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wothira pansi umawonjezeredwa pansi pamodzi ndi feteleza ndi humus. Choko chophwanyika kapena ufa wa dzira la nkhumba chidzachitanso.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mbatata simungagwiritse ntchito manyowa atsopano.

Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi

Mbatata zokha zapamwamba ziyenera kubzalidwa. Pofuna kupeza nthawi yokolola, tubers kale (mwezi umodzi chisanadze kubzala) kunakula mu kuwala. Kufalitsa tubers mu chipinda chowala mumodzi wosanjikiza. Kutentha kotentha m'chipinda ndi +15 ° С. Kuyala zakuthupi kumapereka mpweya wofiira wakuda wakuda. Pofuna kuti mizu isamangogwedezeka, piritsirani kangapo pa mlungu. Pezani makope ovunda, mwamsanga muwachotse iwo.

Werengani momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda a mbatata.

Large tubers akhoza kugawidwa mu zingapo zidutswa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mphukira zambiri. Pambuyo pa chifuwa chilichonse musaiwale kuti mankhwalawa asaphedwe. Dulani zidutswa ndi phulusa. Kuti akhale ndi nthawi yotsekemera, chitani masiku asanu ndi atatu (7-8) musanadze kubzala. M'madera oposa, njira iyi siingatheke chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa kubzala.

Ndondomeko ndi kuya kwake

Pofuna kusamala, munthu wokongola wa pinki amabzalidwa mumzere "pansi pa chingwe." Kufika motere:

1. Kumalo omwe anakumbidwa kale ndi timitengo tomwe timatabwa, takhoma mbali imodzi, ndi chingwe, tilekanitsani mizera yomwe ili pamtunda wa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri.
2. "Pansi pa chingwe" kukumba osaya longitudinal grooves (kuya 10-15 masentimita).
3. Mbalameyi imatulutsa mizu yomwe imamera pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera mzake. Mitengo yodulidwa yadulidwa kudulidwa, imamera.
4. Dzadzaza zitsamba mosamala mosamala. Zotsatira zake, dothi lofikira 6 masentimita liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa tubers m'dera lolemera la clayey, ndipo mpaka 12 cm pa dothi lopanda mchenga.

Mukudziwa? Mitengo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi imalimidwa pachilumba cha Noirmoutier (France). Mtengo wa kilogalamu ya mbatata za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi pafupifupi 500 euro.

Momwe mungasamalire

Mbatata "Rodrigo" wodzichepetsa ku zinthu zomwe zikukula. Komabe, posamalira bwino ndikupanga zinthu zabwino, mukhoza kuwonjezera zokololazo.

Kuthirira

Madzi okwanira a "Rodrigo" - chochitika chodziwika. Pansi kufalitsa zomera nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali amasunga chinyezi. Koma popeza chikhalidwe ichi chikusowa madzi panthawi yamaluwa, tchire tiyenera kuthirira, ngati usanakhale mvula kwa masiku 15-20 ndi nyengo yotentha. Kuwaza kapena kuthirira ulimi wothirira kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera. Wetherani nthaka mozama masentimita 20-25.

Kudyetsa

Rodrigo amayankha bwino zonse ziwiri (urea, phulusa la nkhuni ndi zina) ndi mchere (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu chloride, ndi zina) zowonjezera. Onetsetsani mankhwala okhudzana ndi ntchito ya feteleza.

Onani mitundu yabwino ya mbatata.

Pa kukula (kukula nyengo) amathera magawo atatu a kudyetsa:

1. Pamene zimayambira ndi masamba akukula. Kudyetsa mizu kumatha mutatha mvula kapena kuthirira.
2. Pamene masamba akuwoneka. Pankhaniyi, mumalimbikitsa maluwa.
3. Maluwa a gawo Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawiyi, mumapereka chikhalidwechi mofulumira.

Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka

Ngati n'kotheka, onetsetsani kuti dera lanu liribe ufulu namsongole. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi zonse musamalire. Komanso "Rodrigo" amayankha bwino kwambiri. Dziko lophatikizana kwambiri pakati pa mizere ndithu limamasula. Choyenera, ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa nthawi zonse mvula itatha.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchotsa namsongole, sikuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, makamaka pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba.

Hilling

Chochitika chofunika pakukonzekera "Rodrigo" ndiko kuumitsa kwa nthaka, nthaka yochepa kwambiri kumalo otsika a tchire, ndiko kuti, hilling. Ndikofunika kuchita izi nthawi zambiri pa nyengo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zimangokhala ngati zikuwombera, kugona kwathunthu ndi gawo lawo. Kachiwiri, chitani chochitikacho musanafike pamwamba pamwamba mpaka kufika kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita.

Kuchiza mankhwala

Monga tikudziwira kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi siilimbana ndi matenda. Vuto lokha limene lingasokoneze kwambiri mbewu ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Choncho, pakukula izi zosiyanasiyana, cholinga chake chiyenera kukhala kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachifukwachi, mungagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe apadera a mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, Kutchuka, Taboo ndi Inta-Vir), ndi njira zomwe sizinali zachikhalidwe (kubzala pakati pa mizere ya adyo, calendula). Pachifukwa ichi, musaiwale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikuyenera kutengeka masiku 15-20 isanafike nthawi yokolola yomwe ilipo komanso nthawi yochepa yokolola.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Popeza "Rodrigo" ndi wachisinkhu choyambirira, sizodalitsika kuti awonongeke. Kololani mwamsanga pambuyo pa zimayambira ndipo masamba atembenuke chikasu ndi youma. Zosonkhanitsa ziyenera kuumitsidwa kwa maola 24, kenako kutsukidwa kwa dothi. Ikani masamba osungidwa m'chipinda chouma ndi nthawi zonse kutentha (pa + 3 ... +5 ° C) ndi mpweya wabwino. Musalole kuti dziko la Germany likhale pafupi ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu iwiri yosawerengeka ya mbatata, yotchedwa Linzer Blaue ndi Französische Trüffelkartoffel, ili ndi khungu la khungu ndi khungu. Mtundu wa mizu umakhalabe wabuluu ngakhale pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Kuphatikizira, timapereka mndandanda wa ubwino ndi zoipa za zosiyanasiyana. Kukongola kwa pinki kuli ndi zizindikiro zambiri zoyenera, zimati:

• mkulu wogonjetsa;
• zipatso zazikulu za mawonekedwe olondola;
• kukana mvula yambiri ndi kutentha;
• kusasaka nthaka;
• kukaniza matenda a mbatata;
• kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi khalidwe labwino m'nyengo yozizira;
• kukana kusokoneza makina;
• makhalidwe abwino kwambiri;
• cholinga chapadziko lonse - kuphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, zida zowonjezera ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimachokera kwa izo.

Mankhwala aakulu pamzuwo sali oikidwa. Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kufalikira kwa chitsamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zovuta zisinthe. Komabe, vuto ili panthawi yomweyo lingathenso kukhala lopindulitsa. Monga tawonera pamwambapa, pansi pa shrub yofalitsa dziko lapansi limakhalabe ndi chinyezi chotalikira, choncho kufunika kothirira kawirikawiri kumatuluka, ndipo nthawi zina mbatata sizikusowa madzi okwanira.

Spud ndi kusunga mbatata bwino.

Perekani "Rodrigo" molimba mtima kuti adziwike pakati pa wamaluwa ndi amayi. Kukula pa masamba anu okongola kwambiri a mbatata, mukhoza kuphika mbale malinga ndi maphikidwe apamwamba, koma ndi zatsopano.

Ndemanga