Bowa wa Oyster: mitundu yofala

Kuyambira nthawi yaitali bowa la oyster lakhala likuyamikiridwa ndi onse amene amatsatira malamulo a zakudya zodyera. Bowawa ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.

Choncho, lero tidzanena za zizindikiro zawo, ndi mitundu yanji, kumene amakula komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.

Oyster Oak

Pleurotus dryinus

• Mafananidwe: wouma, pleurotus, bowa wa oak.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Kapuyi ndi yamagulu, oval kapena lingual, nyama, masentimita 4-10 mu kukula. Mu bowa achinyamata ndi zonona kapena zachikasu, ophimbidwa ndi mamba, pang'ono kukhudzana. Pamene ikukula, imamveka bwino komanso imakhala yokhazikika. Mphepete mwadothi ndizunguliro, zimagawidwa ndi timing'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ndi mapepala a katatu. Tsinde ndi labwino, lozungulira, ndi zitsulo zooneka za mphete yojambula. Ma mbalewo amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Zitsanzo zazing'ono - zoyera, ndi zaka - kirimu kapena zonyezimira chikasu. Thupi ndi lokhwima, lopangidwira, ndi fungo lokoma.

• Kukukula kuti: Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe umakula m'madera a ku Ulaya ndi nyengo yozizira komanso ku North America. Amakonda mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo (mtengo, mtengo).
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: theka lachiwiri la July komanso kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September.
• Ntchito: chilengedwe chonse. Mukhoza kuphika, kuphika, mchere, mwachangu, msuzi, msuzi wophika ndi masupu.

Mukudziwa? Oyster ndi zinyama zomwe zimatha kufoola ndi kukumba mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake bowa wodula oyster ndi osatheka kukomana.

Mankhwala a oyster

Pleurotus citrinopileatus Oatmeal imeneyi imatchedwanso elm. Mu chilengedwe, amapezeka ku Far East, koma amakhalanso wamkulu kunyumba. Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa mandimu chifukwa cha mthunzi wachikasu wa tsinde ndi thupi la zipatso, ndipo imatchedwa elm chifukwa cha kukula kwake - imapezeka m'chilengedwe cha mtundu wa elm. Amagwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zakuda, poplar ndi birch kukula kwa nyumba ya elm oyster.

Bowa wa Oyster ukhoza kukulira pakhomo. Kuphweka kwa teknoloji, zokolola ndi zosavuta izi bowa zimapangitsa kuti aliyense apite.

• Mafananidwe: golidi, wachikasu, ilmak.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Mlingo wake wa chilembo cha ilmak ndi 3-6 masentimita, koma palinso zitsanzo zomwe zimafikira masentimita 10. Mu bowa lachinyamata, kapu ndi bony, ndipo pamapeto pake imakhala ndi maenje aakulu. Mu bowa wokhwima, umabweretsanso mtundu wa mandimu, utembenuka n'kukhala ngati mapiko, ndipo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasintha. Ukalamba chipewa chimatha ndipo chimakhala chopanda mtundu. Ma mbalewo ndi owonda, osowa, obiriwira, 3-4 masentimita lonse, kutali pamlendo. Mnofu ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina ya oyster: wandiweyani, woyera. Tsinde ndi lochepa thupi (2-2.5 masentimita), mamita 6-9 masentimita. M'mawonekedwe ochepa aang'ono amakhala pafupi pakati, mu zitsanzo zokhwima zimakhala zofiira, zofiira.

• Ali kuti akukula: Ilmaks imakula m'magulu (10-80 zipewa) pa nkhuni zakufa (nthawi zina zouma) zitsamba zam'madzi ku nkhalango zaku Primorsky Territory. Amapezeka pa mitengo ya birch kumpoto kwa Eastern Siberia.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kuyambira July mpaka October. Chimake chimagwa mvula yamvula.
• Ntchito: oyster wa mandimu ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, komanso kuyanika ndi pickling. Mu zitsanzo zabwino, kapu yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya, chifukwa miyendo yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina, m'pofunikira kuchotsa chidutswa cha kapu chomwe chafika pafupi ndi mwendo.

Oyendetsa Oyster

Pleurotus pulmonarius

• Mafananidwe: beech, yoyera, masika.
• Kuwoneka: inde Alibe zizindikiro za poizoni ndi mapasa.
• Onani. Nyamayiyi imakhala yayikulu - mpaka masentimita 15. Chophimba chimakhala choyera, pafupifupi choyera. Mu bowa wobiriwira umakhala wakuda ndipo umakhala wachikasu kapena wotumbululuka. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kanyama. Mwendo - wolimba, woyera, wofupikitsidwa. Chipindacho chimayendetsa pa mwendo. Matumbowa ndi fibrous, madzi. Mitundu imeneyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo losangalatsa, losavuta.

• Ali kuti akukula: Chilengedwe chimapezeka pambali mwa mitengo yowonongeka komanso yotchedwa coniferous, komanso mitengo ya birch, lindens ndi aspens m'dera la paki ndi minda.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kuyambira July mpaka September.
• Ntchito: njira iliyonse yophika.

Pa bowa kumera pamitengo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bowa (mthunzi wachisanu), sulfure-yellow tinder, ndi boga la chaga birch ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha machiritso awo.

Oyendetsa Wachifumu (steppe)

Pleurotus eryngii

• Mafananidwe: steppe, bowa zoyera, eringa.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Oyera achifumu amatha pafupifupi (4-13 masentimita), minofu, chipewa chowombera. Kukula, kumakhala kosalala, kuwala kwa nyenyezi, kapangidwe ka mthunzi. Mu bowa wosapsa kapu ndi yoyera kapena yofiira. Pamene ikukula, imakhala yachikasu. Ma mbale ali lonse, otayirira, mu bowa aang'ono omwe ali oyera, mu bowa okhwima amakhala okoma, achikasu, oyera ndi pinki. Thupi ndi lofiira kapena lachikasu, lopangidwa, nyama, pamene kucha kumatuluka. Kukoma ndi bowa wamba. Mwendo - woyera, waung'ono (mpaka 4 cm) ndi wamtali (mpaka 2 cm), wandiweyani.

• Ali kuti akukula: Mosiyana ndi zina zonse, sizimakula pa mitengo, koma zimakonda mapiri kapena malo odyetserako ziweto. Amamera pa mizu yowonongeka yamtundu uliwonse kapena zolima zina za mtundu wa ambulera.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: September-October.
• Ntchito: Mitundu imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yokoma kwambiri kwa oyster onse. Bowa akhoza kuuma, kuzifutsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano. Zitsanzo zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimatchedwa bowa pazifukwa, koma chifukwa zimakhazikika mu "malo omwe apachikidwa".

Bowa wa Oyster

Pleurotus ostreatus

Masiku ano ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yodyetsedwa.

• Mafananidwe: oyster oyster bowa, mtanda, bowa oyster.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Bowa ili ndi chipewa champhongo chachikulu, chachikulu (3-25 cm), kunja komwe chikufanana ndi oyster, yosalala pamwamba, nthawi zina. Mtundu waukulu ndi imvi. Komabe, kawirikawiri ndi bulauni, imvi ndi zachikasu. Thupi - laling'ono, koma losawoneka, kuchokera mu kapu. Ili ndi mthunzi wa kirimu, yosalala, pafupi ndi mazikowo ndi ouma ndi othawa. Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wofewa, wandiweyani. Mu bowa akulu amakhala ouma, pali zowonjezereka.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina mwendo ungakhale ulibe.

• Ali kuti akukula: zachilengedwe ndi zovuta (makamaka msondodzi, birch, aspen), nthawi zina nkhalango zam'madzi. Kufalikira pafupifupi kudera lonse la kale la USSR.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: Pakati pa September - kutha kwa December. Ngati nyengo ili yozizira, ikhoza kuoneka m'chilimwe.
• Ntchito: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Zokonzeka kukhetsa, pickling, stewing, kumalongeza, salting, kuyanika, nayonso mphamvu, kuzizira. Mu mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, ndi radio ndi chemotherapy.

Oyster oyenda

Panellus serotinus

• Mafananidwe: Alder, Willow Willow (Panellus serotinus), Late Panelus.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Bowawa ali ndi mbali imodzi yokhala ndi mbali imodzi, yokhala ndi mbali imodzi, yopangidwa ndi khutu, 10-12 cm masentimita mpaka 6 masentimita m'lifupi. Mu bowa lachikulire ndi imvi kapena imvi, ndipo akuluakulu ndi ochepera. Thupi ndi loyera, ndi zonunkhira za bowa zokoma ndi zonunkhira. Nthawi yamvula imakhala madzi. Mipata yaying'ono imakhala yoyera, kenako imakhala yofiirira. Mwendo - wosindikiza pang'ono, wamfupi, wandiweyani.

• Ali kuti akukula: pa stumps ndi zimayambira mitengo yamtengo wapatali: aspen, mapulo, alder, mphepo, ndi zina zotero. Malo okhala ndi nkhalango yosungunuka ndi timapepala tambirimbiri.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: August-December.
• Ntchito: amadya wokazinga, wamafuta, ophika, owuma, ozizira ndi ophika.

Mudzidziwe nokha ndi teknoloji ya kuyanika ndi yozizira kwambiri ya bowa bowa, komanso zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi pickling ndi salting bowa.

Oyster malalanje

Phyllotopsis nidulans

• Mafananidwe: phyllotopsis chisa kapena chisa.
• Kuwoneka: zimadya zakudya zokha.
• Onani. Khungu la oily fluffy oyster, kapu ya m'mimba mwake - 7-8 masentimita Hat - yowala, yokutidwa ndi mitundu yolemera. Mnofu umakhala wowawa, madzi, oyera kapena golide, ndi kukoma kwa vwende. Tsinde ndi laling'ono kapena palibe.

• Ali kuti akukula: Amakhala m'nkhalango zowonongeka, pamtunda wovunda, mitengo yagwa, mitsinje yamoto, lindens, aspen.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: September-November.
• Ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito bowa wang'ono okha mukuphika. Zitsanzo zakale ndizovuta, ndi fungo losasangalatsa ngati karoti yovunda.

Ndikofunikira! Bowa onse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Kuphatikiza pa kusagwirizana kulikonse, amachititsa kuti muzimva ululu mmimba.

Oyster Covered

Pleurotus calyptratus Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha filimuyi yophimba mbale za bowa zoyambirira. Chophimba ichi chimatha pamene icho chikukula ndipo zotsalira zake zimawonekeranso pamphepete mwa kapu.

• Mafananidwe: wosakwatiwa
• Kuwoneka: ayi
• Onani. Tengani achinyamata akuwoneka ngati impso yoyera. Monga bowa wa oyisitara akuyamba, chipewacho chimafanana ndi nkhuku yotseguka yokhala ndi mapiko okwera komanso opindika. Pamwamba ndi yosalala, pang'ono kumata, ndi momveka chonyowa chimachokera ku thunthu. Mtundu - wofiirira wofiira kapena wofiirira wofiira. Ndi kusowa chinyezi kumakhala imvi yakuda. Pamene imakalamba, chipewa chimatha ndipo chimakhala choyera. Peduncle bowa ndi zovuta kusiyanitsa. Ma mbalewo ndi a chikasu. Thupi ndi loyera, lolimba, labwino ndi ngati mbatata yaiwisi.

• Ali kuti akukula: pa aspen yomwe imadula mitengo m'nkhalango zosayenerera za ku Central ndi Northern Europe.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: April-June.
• Ntchito: mwachidziwikire.

Mukudziwa? Bowa la Oyster linayamba kubala panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, chifukwa iwo adalowa zakudya za msirikali.

Oyster Horn

Pleurotus cornucopiae

• Mafananidwe: wochuluka.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Bowawa ali ndi zikopa zofiira kapena zobiriwira, zofiira 3 mpaka masentimita 13 mpaka 13. Mutuwu ukamakula, umadetsedwa ndipo umakhala ndi nsalu ya brownish. Mphindi - wozungulira, wamfupi, 1 masentimita okha, phazi - woonda. Mtundu - Milky kapena Fawn. Ma mbalewo ndi ochepa, owala, ophatikizana nthawi ndi nthawi ndikupanga chitsanzo chosazolowereka. Thupi ndi lolimba, minofu, ndi fungo labwino ndi kukoma kwakukulu.

• Ali kuti akukula: amasankha ziphuphu za elm, oak, aspen, birch, maple, rowan mitengo. Bowa la oyster limeneli ndi lofala ku China, Primorsky Krai, Japan.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: May-September.
• Ntchito: Oyster wa nyanga akhoza kuphika, kuphika, stewed ndi yokazinga. Kwa zizindikiro (pickling kapena pickling) sizoyenera. Gwiritsani ntchito zipewa zokha - tsinde la bowa ndi lalikulu.

Ndikofunikira! Zitsanzo zazing'ono zomwe sizinali zakubadwa zimatengedwa kuti zikhale chakudya, monga kufunika kwa zakudya komanso kukoma kumatayika ndi msinkhu.

Oyster ananyamuka

Pleurotus djamor

• Mafananidwe: flamingo.
• Kuwoneka: inde
• Onani. Yopangidwa ndi zigawo zosiyana. Matsuko - yofiira pinki, kamangidwe kake. Pamene amakalamba, amakhala ophwanyika, ozungulira kapena osiyana, ndi nsonga zosweka, ndipo mtundu umatha. Diameter - 3-5 masentimita. Thupi ndi lofiira, losalala ndi mafuta onunkhira. Msolo ndi waung'ono, 2 cm kutalika. Ndi kapu umagwirizanitsa kumbali. Ma mbalewo ndi ofiira-pinki, ayatsa ndi nthawi.

• Ali kuti akukula: Zingapezekedwe ku Far East, ku Primorye kapena m'mayiko otentha omwe ali pamtunda.
• Ntchito: kuphika, kutentha. Zosangalatsa ndizochepa.

Phunzirani zambiri za bowa zodyedwa zomwe zimadya: cep, volnushka, grub, chanterelle, Mohovik, oilers, boletus, russula, boletus, camelina, shiitake, dubovik, govorushka.

Monga mukuonera, bowa wa oyster ndi bowa wapadera omwe angathe kukolola kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka m'nyengo yozizira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalola kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito kuphika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala.