Ismene ndi maluwa okongola komanso osakhwima, omwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira a inflorescence. Lero tiwone tsatanetsatane wa kusintha, zamoyo zake ndi nsonga zazikulu zowonjezera zomera kunyumba.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Ismene ndi membala wa banja la Amaryllis ndipo ndi maluwa ovuta. Mwachilengedwe, akhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively. - mwa kugawa babu, mu chikhalidwe iwo amafalitsidwa mu vegetative njira.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la duwa "Ismene" limagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la chikhalidwe mu nthano zachi Greek, Ismen, yemwe akuyesa kuti ndiye woyambitsa malo a Boeotian. An asteroid anapezeka polemekeza Ismen, yomwe inapezeka mu 1878.
Chomeracho ndi cha anyezi osatha ndi moyo wa zaka pafupifupi 4. Zimadziŵika ndi kukhalapo kwa masamba akuluakulu, otchulidwa kapena ozungulira kwambiri mpaka 50 cm m'litali, wowala wobiriwira, amakula kuchokera muzu. Kutalika kwa chomeracho ndi pafupifupi masentimita 80 - kutalika kwake kutalika kumatheka chifukwa cha kutalika kwa peduncle, pamwamba pake komwe kumapangidwira inflorescence, kumakhala kuchokera 3 mpaka 6 masamba, omwe, pamene atha, amakhala osachepera 15 masentimita.
Mitengo ya kunja ya mphukira ndi yopapatiza, yayitali komanso yaying'onongeka kunja, mkati mwa duwa ikufanana ndi belu ndizitali kapena zazifupi. Pakati pa belu muli ndi chikasu chowala, chobiriwira kapena cha azitona. Duwa lokha liri loyera kapena lowala chikasu, malingana ndi mitundu.
Kuphatikiza pa zikondwerero, maluŵa amphatikizanso monga: gladioli, maluwa a Babian, zephyranthes, Marlene maluwa, Ixia, Crocus wachikondi, kandyk, likoris, daffodils, dahlias ndi allium.
Zinyama zina kumayambiriro kwa maluwa zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera, omwe amayamba kuphulika kuti akhale ndi maluwa okongola, pamene ena amakhalabe achikasu pamtunda wonse. Maluwawo amamveka bwino, mitundu ina ili ndi fungo lapadera madzulo. Maluwawo siatalika, amagwirizana kapena amawoneka - amamasula ndipo amasintha kuchokera pa May mpaka September, maluwawo amadalira mtundu ndi kukula. 
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Kawirikawiri ismene imatchedwa "Peruvian daffodil", monga chomera m'chilengedwe chimapezeka kumadzulo kwa South America, chimapezekanso pazilumba za Caribbean. Maluwawo ndi ofunda, ofatsa komanso okonda chinyezi, amakonda mchere wambiri, wosasunthika kapena dothi la asidi, pH pafupifupi 6.8.
Kuti mudziwe kuti ndi dothi liti limene lidzapindula kwambiri, werengani momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity m'nthaka.
Kutsimikiza kwa nthaka acidity ndi zipangizo zapaderaMitundu yotchuka
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zowonongeka, zonse zomwe zimapangidwa komanso zachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Pali mavuto ndi mtundu wa zomera, chifukwa mbewu ndi kusintha zinabweretsedwa ku Eurasian continent posachedwa, zaka zoposa 200 zapitazo, ndipo mwachilengedwe zimakula m'malo ovuta kufika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo njira yophunzirira maluwa okongoletsera.
Mamembala wotchuka kwambiri wa imeni ndi wosakanizidwa. Ismene Festalis, yomwe imatchedwanso "daffodil ya Mexico" kapena "kakombo kakombo" chifukwa cha ziphuphu zake zaplorescences ndi zamkati, zochepa zakunja. 
Wosakanizidwawo unagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudutsa kwa Longipetalus (yaitali-petal) ndi Narcissiflora ndi maluwa okondwerera. Chomeracho chimasiyana ndi ena oimira duwa phesi la sing'anga kutalika - kuchokera 45 mpaka 60 masentimita, pamwamba pake omwe 6 masamba ndi awiri a masentimita 10 kukula.
Ismene Festalis ali ndi mizati yoyera yoyera yomwe imayendetsedwa mosiyana. Mphukira imamva kununkhira bwino, kumatulutsa chokopa chabwino cha vanila chomwe chimadziwika makamaka madzulo. Masamba ndi wobiriwira, motalika, akukula kuchokera muzu, osasiyana ndi masamba a masamba a mitundu ina ndi a hybrids.
Ismene Sulfur Quinn ndi wosakanizidwa wamtundu wotchuka, womwe unapezeka chifukwa cha kuwoloka Amankas ndi Imen ndi Narcissiflora. Chomeracho chimasiyana ndi ena omwe amaimira olemera chikasu cha masamba, omwe amakhala ndi ma asidi-chikasu komanso asterisk wobiriwira pakati. Ndalama zimakhala zonunkhira bwino. Mtundu uwu wa chikhalidwe ungapezeke pansi pa dzina lakuti "Daffodil ya Peru ya Golden" kapena "kakombo opatulika a Incas." Masamba a wosakanizidwa awa ali ofanana ndi ena onse omwe ali oimira. 
Maganizowo ndi ofala Ismene Narcissiflora (ndondomeko) yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yotchuka kwambiri pakukula mu nyumba. Duwa imatchedwanso "basketworm". Dziko lakwawo ndi Mexico, zosiyana siyana zinayambika mu chikhalidwe mu 1794. Maonekedwe a chomera ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi duwa la pancratia, koma masamba ndi owala komanso ocheperapo.
Gawo lokhazikika la zomera limadziwika ndi kutalika kwa utali, mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera kwambiri, ngakhale maluwa. Ili ndi maluwa oyera, omwe amatha kuoneka kuchokera pamtunda umodzi, mphukira iliyonse imakhala yolemera masentimita 13 mpaka 20, imakhala ndi fungo labwino, osati lofanana ndi fungo la zomera zina. Pakatikati mwa duwa ndi phokoso lopangidwa ndi belu ndi mmbali mwake, mpaka mamita masentimita asanu, ndi mafupipafupi ofupika.
6 M'malo mwake, yaying'ono komanso yopapatiza imabzalidwa kuzungulira belu ndi kupindika pang'ono. Maluwa a chomerawo ndi achifupi kwambiri, mphukira iliyonse imatseguka pamasiku awiri ndi maluwa osapitirira masiku atatu. Mitundu imeneyi imatengedwa ngati maziko a zatsopano zakuthengo ndi ismene. 
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Mu malo okongoletsera m'madera otentha, kusintha sikukugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa kumafuna kuyenda kwa mababu m'nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale kuti ndizodziwika bwino, ismeni ingabzalidwe m'nyengo yozizira ndi minda ya greenhouses, komanso m'mabedi a maluwa kumapeto kwa kasupe. Nthawi zina maluwawo amabzalidwa maluwa, omwe amatha kutuluka panja ndikugwirizanitsa zokhazokha. Momwemo simungathe kukongoletsa malowa, komanso kusunga maluwa m'nyengo yozizira: chifukwa chophikachi chimangoikidwa mu chipinda chozizira.
Maluwawo amawoneka bwino mukamabzala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ngati mubzala mababu pa mtunda wosachepera 30 masentimita pakati pawo, chomeracho chimapanga chophimba chobiriwira, chomwe chimakongoletsera ngakhale kulibe masamba. Chokongoletsera chachikulu chimaonedwabe chachilendo choyera kapena maluwa ofiira achikasu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi wamtali, ngakhalenso peduncle.
Mnyamata, ntchentche, aster, thyme, bello, jascolk, stonecrop, edelweiss, sage (salvia), geykhera ndi yarrow, komanso ismene festalis, zomera zowonda kwambiri zomwe zidzasangalalira pamabedi motsogoleredwa ndi dzuwa.
Chomera chodziwika kwambiri chotchedwa maluwa okongoletsera ndi kupanga mapangidwe m'mapangidwe a malo m'mayiko otentha, kumene kutentha sikugwa pansipa + 12 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, mababu amalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino kumunda, ndipo m'chaka amayamba kuwonjezera zobiriwira. Ismene ikuyenda bwino pafupi ndi zomera zonse, koma kuti zikhale zokopa monga momwe zingathere, zimabzalidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. 
Kukula komanso kusamalira Festalis
Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa achilendo mu bedi la maluwa, m'pofunika kuganizira zofunikira za mbeu ndikutsatira mfundo zoyenera, zomwe zidzakambidwe pansipa.
Zomwe amangidwa
Ngati chomeracho chikukula panthawi ya chipinda, ndikofunika kumupatsa mphika waukulu, umene uli ndi madzi okwanira ndi magawo atatu ndikupereka pansi pa thanki ndi mabowo abwino.
Ndikofunikira! Malo abwino kwambiri pa nthaka ndi mbali ya leeward ya zitsamba zamtundu.
Ismene amakonda kukula pamalo okongola, koma amadwala dzuwa. Ngati chomeracho chidzabzalidwa pamalo otseguka, muyenera kusankha mosamala malo kuti maluwa akhale omasuka, azikhala bwino ndi pachimake. Kubzala kudzayenerera mbali ya kumwera kwa malowa, omwe ali ndi mthunzi wochepa mu nthawi ya chilimwe yotentha. 
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Mukamabzala mitengo yotseguka, nthaka imasankhidwa ngati yachonde ngati n'kotheka. Sizothandiza kulima asidi, nthaka ya dongo, ndi madzi apansi ndi madzi osauka, omwe amachititsa kuti madzi asapitirirebe. Musanabzala, dothi lapadera limakonzedwera chomera, chomwe chiri ndi mchenga wa mchere ndi mtsinje (magawo awiri a dothi 1 gawo la humus ndi mchenga umodzi wa gawo).
Musaiwale kuti mukudyetsa nthawi zonse: chifukwa chaichi, kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wozungulira maluwa ndi mullein, zomwe zimayambitsana. Kupaka feteleza n'kofunika kuti muzipanga kawiri pamwezi.
Kulima ismeni m'nyumbayi kukonzekera chisakanizo cha nthaka, tsamba lapansi, humus, mchenga (2: 1: 1: 1), vermiculite (supuni 2). Pansi pa mphika kutsanulira madzi - chifukwa cha izi mungagwiritse ntchito dothi. 
Kuti chomera chikulire mofulumira chobiriwira ndi pachimake kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ndi feteleza wapadera kwa maluwa amphamvu - amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo a botolo.
Ntho yoyamba ya feteleza imayamba kupanga nthawi yochulukirapo yobiriwira, ndikupitiriza kufesa mpaka maluwa asalole kuti phokoso likhale lopitirira. Pakati pa maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, n'zotheka kudyetsa ndikusintha - ndikofunika kuti nthawi yotsala ya mbeu ikhale yokonzekera nyengo yozizira ndipo imayamba kuyambika kwa babu. 
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Ismene salola kuti madzi asapitirire, koma, komabe, ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Makamaka ayenera kulipira kwa mbeu pa nyengo yokula - panthawi ino nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika pamene dothi la pamwamba la nthaka lauma pang'ono. Panthawi yopuma, kuthirira kwachepa kwambiri.
Dzizindikiritseni ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mowa, komanso phunzirani momwe mungakhalire dongosolo la ulimi wothirira ku dacha.
Nthawi yothirira nthawi yozizira imadalira kutentha: pa + 15 ° C madzi amamwe madzi kamodzi mwezi uliwonse ndi hafu ndi madzi pang'ono, kutentha pansipa + 10 ° C maluwa sasowa madzi okwanira.
Ismene kawirikawiri imalekerera mpweya wouma, sikofunika kuti uziwupopera, monga duwa lidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chirichonse. 
Pamene mukukula maluwa kunja, kuthirira kumachitika molingana ndi nyengo. Ngati pali mvula yambiri m'chilimwe, zomera zimatha popanda kuthirira. Ngati kulibe madzi okwanira amvula, amasintha nthawi zonse ndi madzi oyera pamzu, kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuthirira kumaperekedwa mukatha kuyanika dothi la pamwamba. Kuthirira mbewu ndi kofunika pa nyengo yokula - itatha, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa palimodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti mpweya wouma kwambiri sungasokoneze chomeracho, ukhoza kuyambitsa tizilombo pa maluwa, omwe akugawanika mokwanira m'nyumbayo ndi mpweya wouma, kotero yesani kuyesa ndikusintha nthawi zina ndikusunga chinyezi.
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Ngati chomeracho chikukula m'nyumba, nthawi yotentha m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi 25 ° C, choncho makamaka m'nyengo yotentha yotentha mphika umasamutsira m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri. Pambuyo maluwa, nthawi ya dormancy imayamba, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwake kumakhala kochepa - kuthamanga kumakhala kuchokera +12 mpaka + 14 ° С. 
Ngati zomera zakula panja, mababuwo amakumbidwa ndikusungidwa miphika yaing'ono kapena mabokosi, ophimbidwa ndi utuchi. Yesetsani kuchotsa mababuwo kunja kwa munda, kuti asawononge mizu - kuwafupikitsa ndi lumo kapena kudulidwa ndi manja ndiletsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwotcha ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuchepa kwa madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa maluwa a bulbous.
Ngati kutentha kwa mababu kumaposa 15 ° C, izi zikhoza kukwiyitsa kusamera msanga, zomwe zimaphwanya nthawi yotsalayo ndipo zimakhudza chomera. Mu March, mababu a ismeni afesedwa pamalo atsopano (ngati sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mphika ndi dothi), mosamala mosamala mizu. 
Mababu ndi fampalis. Patapita masiku atatu, kuthirira kumayambiranso. - kotero mutakula mukakhala m'nyumba. Ngati zokolola zakula m'munda, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa March, mababu ayenera kusunthira ku chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kufika kufika 20 ° C ndikusiya kuti chomeracho chichoke pa nthawi ina yonse. Kubzala pamalo otseguka amalimbikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene usiku chisanu chimachotsedwa.
Maluwa amafalitsa ndi kubzala
Monga tanena kale, chomeracho chikhoza kufalitsa mbewu ndi zomera - Kugawaniza babu, kotero ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane njira iliyonse yoberekera, komanso zizindikiro za kubzala duwa pamalo otseguka ndi mphika.
Mbewu
Ismene samafalitsidwa kawirikawiri ndi mbewu, chifukwa njirayi ndi yayitali, ndipo maluwa abwino amatha kupezeka patangotha zaka 5 mutabzala. Mbewu ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa payekha kapena kugula pa shopu la maluwa. 
Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa maluwa ndi mbewu, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azilowetsa madzi pang'ono tsiku limodzi. Iyenera kufesedwa mu gawo lokonzekera, limene limagulidwa pa sitolo ya maluwa yotchedwa "zomera zakuda." Mbewu imafesedwa m'madzi pazenti sentimita imodzi, mtunda pakati pa chitsime uyenera kukhala osachepera 5 masentimita.
Ndi bwino kufesa mbewu zingapo m'mapopu apulasitiki. Mphamvu ndi mbeu ziyenera kuikidwa pawindo ndikuyang'ana dothi, kuteteza kuyanika kwa madzi ndikutsanulira madzi pang'ono.
Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi, anyezi ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Chaka chilichonse amafunika kuikidwa m'miphika yayikulu, kutumizidwa m'nyengo yozizizira kuti azipuma. 
Kotero, patapita nthawi yaitali mudzapeza kukula ndi kusintha. Kwa chaka chachisanu cha kulima kotero, babu akhoza kubzalidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pansi. Panthawiyi, chomerachi chiyenera kuphuka, maluwa adzachitika mukakula mu nyumba.
Zamasamba
Pamene ana ang'onoang'ono amaoneka pa mababu akuluakulu, angagwiritsidwe ntchito poswana. Pambuyo pa mababuwo adakumbidwa kunja kwa dothi la munda, amaikidwa pamalo otentha ndi ana, osagawanika. Izi ndizofunikira kuti ana adzalandire chakudya chonse chofunikira kuchokera ku babu lalikulu ndikukhalabe mpaka nyengo ya kubzala kumapeto.
M'chaka, ana amalekanitsidwa ndi babu wamkulu atangotumizidwa ku malo otentha. Zimamera mofanana ndi mababu akulu, koma zimabzalidwa mumphika umodzi ndi mabanja ang'onoang'ono. - nju imodzi yaikulu ndi ana angapo. 
Mababuwo amaikidwa m'manda m'njira yoti gawo lawo lakumwamba lisawonongeke ndi gawo lapansi. Chifukwa chofalitsa zomera, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa maluwa ndi kusintha kale chaka chachitatu pambuyo pa kubwerako kwa makanda.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kusiyanitsa ana ndi mababu akuluakulu, chifukwa, mwina sangakhalebe m'nyengo yozizira.
Kumalo otseguka, mababuwo amakula mitsuko ing'onoing'ono: ali masentimita 5 mpaka m'nthaka. Kubzala, chisakanizo chapadera chimakonzedwa kuchokera ku dothi, chomwe chafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
Nthaka imathiriridwa ndipo kenaka ikani anyezi, kuwaza ndi nthaka youma pamwamba kuti musapangidwe mapangidwe. Ngati pakapita nthawi yozizira usiku, mababu obzalidwa amakhala ndi botolo la pulasitiki mpaka mphukira yoyamba ionekere. 
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Pofuna kulima ndikusintha pakhomo, pangakhale mavuto omwe muyenera kukonzekera:
- Ngati chomeracho chikuwona kuti alibe kuwala, chimatuluka, tsinde limakhala lalitali kwambiri ndipo limakhala lopindika, masambawo amatambasula, amatembenuka kapena amawoneka achikasu, chomeracho chikhoza kuphulika kwambiri, kapena sipadzakhala maluwa.
- Maluwawo salola kuti madzi asaphuke nthawi yaitali, choncho vuto lalikulu ndilo kuvunda kwa babu, zomwe sizingatheke, ndipo posachedwa mbewuyo imamwalira.
- Ngati kuli kolakwika kusankha mlingo wa mphika, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maluwa kapena kupezeka kwake.
- Mababu amakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri komanso mizu yaitali, choncho akakula kunja ndikukakumbidwa kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira, mizu ikhoza kuwonongeka, yomwe imayambitsa imfa.
- Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maluwa, maluwa amatha kufota, kugwa, ndipo masamba amatha kutaya mtundu, kotero ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ulimi wothirira ndi madzi ndi madzi abwino, kuteteza gawo lapansi kuti liwume.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo zomwe zingakhudze kusintha, kuphatikizapo:
- Matenda osokoneza bongo, yomwe imawonekera ngati mawanga wakuda kutsogolo kwa masamba, nsonga ya tsambalo imakhala bulauni. Chochititsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kudumpha kwa gawo lapansi. Pofuna kuchiza chomera, m'pofunika kudula masamba omwe awonongeka ndikuwachiritsa ndi fungicide. - Bordeaux madzi (2%). Pofuna kupewa chitukuko, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira ndikutsitsimutsa chipinda.
- Stagonsporosis, omwe amadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe ofiira a tsamba lofiira pa tsamba la masamba ndi opanikizika mawanga ofiira pa babu. Vuto limayamba chifukwa cha matendawa ndi spores za bowa zomwe zinakhazikika pa babu. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, m'pofunika kuchotsa babu mu chidebe, kumene idakula, kapena kuchokera ku nthaka, kuyeretsa mamba ndi malo owonongeka, kuwadula minofu yathanzi. Kenaka, tizani anyezi ndi "Somazole", kuchepetsedwa m'madzi (2 g ya mankhwala pa 1 l of liquid), muzisiye kwa maola atatu muyeso. Dyani anyezi, imbani izo mu gawo latsopano. Palibe njira zothetsera matenda.
- Mealybug, yomwe imawonetseredwa ndi zofiira za mtundu woyera m'magulu a masamba, chifukwa cha masamba omwe amauma ndi kupunduka. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuoneka kwa tizilombo ndi mpweya wouma m'chipinda. Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze duwa ndi "Aktara" kapena "Fitoverm" kukonzekera malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali pa phukusi. Pofuna kupeŵa kuipitsidwa kwa mbeu ndi mealybugs, nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokhazikika m'chipindamo.
- Shchitovku, omwe amadziwoneka ngati maonekedwe a bulawuni a bulauni, chikasu cha ziwalo zozungulira, blanching, wilting ndi kuyanika kwa masamba. Chifukwa chachikulu cha scythe ndi kuyanika kwa mpweya. Pofuna kuchiza chomera, m'pofunikira kuchotsa phokoso la hillocks ndi phokoso la thonje ndikupukuta madera onse ndi njira yothetsera sopo. Ndiye muyenera kupopera "Metaphos" kapena "Aktellik" malinga ndi malangizo. Kenaka, ikani chomera mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuzisiye kwa masiku awiri mu chikhalidwe ichi. Pofuna kupeŵa maonekedwe a scythe, ndikofunika kuteteza kuuma koopsa kwa mpweya.
Ngati mukufuna festalis kukhala wathanzi, gwiritsani ntchito tizirombo ndi fungicides.Choncho, ndi zophweka kukula ndikusintha pakhomo, kupatsidwa zofunika za maluwa. Pofuna kusintha chisangalalo kuti muthe pachimake kwa zaka zambiri, tsatirani malangizo othandizira kusamalira duwa.
