Momwe mungamere ndikukula ipomoeya yam (quamoclite, farbitis)

Zomera zodyera kunyumba zimayamika makamaka kwa maonekedwe awo okongoletsera ndi kukongola kwa maluwa. Zomwe sizingakhale zofanana "zapamwamba" zazitsamba za munda wokongola ndi Ipomoea yam, yomwe yakhala ikulimidwa kokha monga mzu wa masamba. Koma m'zaka makumi angapo zaposachedwapa, ulimi wamakono wa Ipomoea wakhala ukudziwika kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chabwino, popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba ndi maluwa idzaphatikiza nyumba iliyonse.

Zamkatimu:

• Kufalitsa ndi malo
• Mitundu yotchuka
• Ntchito ya Ipomoea yam
• Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
• Kukula ndi kusamalira zomera
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
• Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
• Kubalanso ndi kubzala
• Mbewu
• Zamasamba
• Zofunika za chisamaliro, malingana ndi malo omangidwa
• Zingakhale zovuta kukula
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Video: Ipomoea yam
• Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Monga masamba, Ipomoea idapangidwa zaka zoposa 5,000 zapitazo. Dzina la "mbatata" linatchedwa gulu la anthu a ku India Taino, omwe ankakhala m'madera akukula kwake. Ipomoea ndi yosatha, koma m'minda yakumunda nthawi zambiri imakula ngati chomera cha pachaka. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, ipomoea yam ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya zomera za mtundu wa Ipomea wa Vyunkovye ndipo ndi mtundu wa zomera za herbaceous.

Mukudziwa? Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali mu yam tubers amatha kuchepetsa kapangidwe kake ka khansa, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Kuyambira mu 1793, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Pulofesa wa Zoology, adalongosola motere:

• Mzuzi: mizu yotchedwa tuberiform, yoboola pakati, yotambasula mizu ndi chikasu chachikasu-lalanje;
• Tsinde: yosalala, zokwawa, lianovidny, mkatikatikati, imatha kutalika kwa mamita 3-4;
• masamba: osakaniza, ofewa, owoneka ngati mtima ndi mapeto otsetsereka, omwe amaikidwa pamunsi mpaka masamba aatali osachepera 3 mpaka 14 cm;
• Maluwa: Mbalame zoyera kapena zofiira, zomwe zimakhala zofanana, zimapanga mapuloteni a mamita 3.5-5 masentimita, timadontho timodzi timaphatikizidwa kukhala zidutswa zapakati pa 1 mpaka 3;
• Mbewu: Zambiri zowonjezera, zowonjezera, zowonjezera 6 mm m'litali, mu mawonekedwe ang'onoting'ono mu phokoso lopanda mbewu mabokosi omwe amasankhidwa payekha m'chipinda chilichonse.

Kwa banja la convolvulaceae palinso zomera monga: convolvulus, Ipomea purple ndi calistegia terry.

Malingana ndi malo omwe akukula ndi khalidwe la chisamaliro, khalidwe la Ipomoea lingakhale losiyana pang'ono ndi malongosoledwe a botanical. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kukula kwake kwa maonekedwe a mtundu.

Kufalitsa ndi malo

Ipomoea yam ndi chomera chomera. Dziko lawo lakukula ndi Africa, madera otentha ku South America, Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa China. Kugawidwa ndi kulima ulemerero wammawa monga chomera chokongola ndi kotheka m'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kapena yozizira. M'kupita kwathu, kulima ulemerero wam'mawa kumapindulanso, koma monga chomera cha pachaka.

Ndikofunikira! Kudya mbatata pa nthawi ya mimba kapena kuyamwa sikuvomerezedwa.

Mitundu yotchuka

Mtengo wokongola wa Ipomoea umabweretsa osati kuyang'ana maluwa. Mitundu yambiri ilibe mitundu yobiriwira, koma imakhala yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha masamba awo, mitundu yokongoletsa ndi mitundu. Anthu otchuka kwambiri komanso otchuka pakati pa wamaluwa ndiwo mitundu:

• Margarita - amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a masamba ofiira a golide;

• Blackie - zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovala zisanu, zofiira kwambiri zakuda mdima wofiira ndi maluwa okongola;
• Wokoma mtima wofiira - Zachilendo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wobiriwira, womwe pamapeto pake umapeza mtundu wofiirira;
• Pinki chisanu - amadziwika ndi olimba masamba a katatu, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi wobiriwira ndi pinki kukonza ndi mikwingwirima yoyera;
• Chizindikiro cha emerald lace - imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira.

Mitundu yonse ya mtunduwu ndi lianovid, ili ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kokongola ndipo ndi yabwino kuti ampel ikule. Makamaka chidwi m'dera likuwoneka mitundu yosiyana.

Ntchito ya Ipomoea yam

Kuwonjezera pa kukongoletsera kwa munda wamakonzedwe a munda ndi Kuwonjezera kwa zipinda zamkati, Ipomoea yam amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera oterowo:

• kuphika;
• mu mankhwala.

Poyamba, yam ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokha. Sweet mbatata - muzu masamba ndi chowala kukoma, kufanana ndi wamba mbatata. Kuti mumve kukoma kwa mizu, mbatata imatchedwa "mbatata".

Mukudziwa? Yam tubers, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, akhoza kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusuta.

Kusiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasonyezedwa mu mtundu ndi kukoma kwa mizu masamba. Choncho, mtundu wa zamkati ukhoza kukhala kirimu, wachikasu, lalanje kapena wofiirira. Kulabadira makhalidwe a mankhwala kumadalira pa kalasi - muzu wa mbeu ukhoza kukhala ndi zipatso za nati, zipatso kapena masamba. "Mbatata zokoma" zingadye zofiira, zophikidwa kapena zophikidwa. Zikhoza kukhala ngati mbale imodzi pambali, ndipo pamapezeka zamasamba ndi zitsamba zokoma, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati imodzi mwa zosakaniza mu saladi. Monga chogulitsa chakudya Ipomoea imabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa thupi. Mtengo wapamwamba wa zakudya, kuchepa kwa kalori komanso kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi mchere zimakhudza thupi ndi kuonjezera msinkhu wotsutsa matenda, zomwe yam yamtengo wapatali kwambiri muzamalonda. Zopindulitsa za "mbatata":

• Mzere wochepa wa mizu umapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi lingaliro lalikulu la insulini;
• zakudya zamagetsi zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'mimba komanso zimathandiza kuthetseratu "choipa" cholesterol, motero kuyeretsa magazi;
• kubwezeretsanso thupi ndi zinthu zopindulitsa, mizu ya mbeu imayambitsa ntchito ya hematopoietic dongosolo ndipo imapangitsa kuti zotengera zazitali zikhale zotsika;
• Mavitamini ndi mchere muzolembedwa muzu zimakhala zotsutsa-zotupa pa dongosolo la mitsempha;
• Zakudya zomwe zili mu mbatata zimakhudzidwa kumanga minofu, yomwe imayamikiridwa makamaka ndi akatswiri a masewera;
• zomwe mahomoni azimayi amachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha akazi chiwonjezeke ndipo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi pa nthawi ya kusamba.

The anyezi-slizun, Kale kabichi, watercress, udzu sage, jamu, dodder, chervil, kalonga ndi lyubka amathandizidwanso kwambiri ndi robot m'mimba.

Pindulani ndi thupi osati kubweretsa tu tubers ya chomera, komanso maluwa omwe amawombera.

Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe

Ipomoea yam ndi chomera chokwera, choncho sichikhoza kuwonetsa zenera zowonerapo nyumba kapena khonde, komanso kupereka kuyang'ana kwa maluwa kumunda wamunda. Mbali yake ndi yokhoza kupanga zophimba zowonongeka, zikuwoneka zodabwitsa m'mapangidwe a malo monga zowona. Izi zikutanthauza kubzala kuti zikhale zokongoletsera, arbors, mipanda ndi mipanda ina. Pokhala chiwombankhanga, pokonzekera kupanga ipomoea mwamphamvu kwambiri kuzungulira chithandizo, pafupi ndi chomwe chabzalidwa, motero kumathandiza kukongoletsa dera ndikuthandizira kubisala zolakwika zomwe ziliko. Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imathandiza kuti pakhale mapangidwe oyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chilengedwe chodabwitsa cha munda kapena paki, ndipo nthawi yayitali-nyengo yachisanu imakondwera ndi mtundu wautali wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga chomera chokwera, chomera cha ipomoea chimawonekeranso chachikulu pamene chikukula pamiphika. Zomera zamphamvu ndi zowonongeka zikugwa bwino, ndipo zikaphatikiza ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Njira yowonjezera mchere imakhala yoyenera pazochitika za munda, nyumba kapena khonde ndipo amatha kutonthoza ngakhale mkati mwawo.

Kukula ndi kusamalira zomera

Ipomoea yam sindiri zomera zosadzichepetsa, koma pakukula sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Ndizokonza bwino ndikuganizira zofunikira za mbeu kunthaka ndi kuthirira ipomoea imakula mofulumira komanso maluwa akufulumira.

Werengani za mitundu yachilendo monga sundew, passionflower, nepentes, orchis, hoya, camellia ndi amorphophallus.

Zomwe amangidwa

Kukula mbatata kumunda ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri. Mukamabzala, zindikirani kuti chomeracho sichimalola kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma amasankha mlengalenga wa kuwala. Ipomoea sichimalola kulemba. Choncho, kumadera akum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kumene kulibe malo ovunda popanda zomera zamtambo kapena mthunzi, zidzakhala zoyenera kulima. Kulima kulimi, kumalo amenewa, ulemerero wammawa ndi chomera chosatha. Chizindikiro cha kulima m'nyumba ndi chizoloŵezi chotsitsa masamba m'nyengo yozizira ndi kutentha kokwanira kwa chipinda.

Mukudziwa? Batat ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Kuchokera mmenemo, komanso mbatata, kupanga mowa, wowuma, molasses ndi ufa.

Kufunika kwa mbatata ya kuunikira kumaphatikizapo kuyika pazenera zowonongeka bwino kapena makonde. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kupeza mpweya wabwino n'kofunikanso, koma popanda kupanga mapulogalamu. Pachifukwa ichi, kulima kwathunthu kwa Ipomoea sikungowonjezereka kuposa poyera. Kukula zomera mu malo amkati kudzakwanira miphika iliyonse ya maluwa kapena kupachikidwa miphika.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Kukula mbatata kumafuna mchenga kapena loamy nthaka osakaniza ndi pH mlingo wa 4.5 mpaka 7, womwe umagwirizana ndi nthaka yochepa kapena yosalowerera. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka kusakaniza ndi yachonde, yotayirira bwino. Mu dothi "losauka", ipomoea imakula bwino, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo timachubu zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zobiriwira sizing'ono komanso zosavuta. Mitundu yambiri mu dothi, monga lamulo, sizimachitika.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

"Mbatata yokoma" imasankha chinyezi chokwanira cha nthaka popanda kuphulika. Kufuna makamaka chitsamba cha chinyezi panthawi yake kukula ndi maluwa. Zitsanzo zokhwima zimatha kulekerera chilala cha nthawi yochepa, koma nthawi yomweyo maonekedwe awo okongoletsera atayika. Kuwonjezera apo, m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, tubers za Ipomoea zimatha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimadzetsa imfa ya zomera. Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yobzala (mkati kapena kunja), nkofunika kukhala ndi mulingo woyenera wa dothi la nthaka, koma mopanda malire.

Ndikofunikira! Zakudya zapamwamba za ascorbic acid mu tubers zimachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha mthupi mu thupi la munthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito tubers chakudya kumathandiza kwambiri panthawi ya matenda opuma.

Kugwirizana kwa kutentha

Ipomoea yam ndi chomera chotentha, choncho amasankha nyengo yofunda kuti ikule. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kumachokera ku + 9 ºї mpaka -29 ºС. Pamene mukukula ndikofunika kuganizira kuti kutentha kwake kukula kwa mbeu kumachepetsanso, ndipo pamtunda kwambiri - zomera zimatha kufa. M'nyengo yozizira ya chaka, chomerachi chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi kutentha kuchokera ku +10 mpaka +16 ºС. Pokhala chomera chokonda kutentha, mbatata silingathe nyengo yozizira mu nyengo yathu ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthasintha m'madera otentha, choncho ndi chaka, chomwe chimatanthauza kubzala zomera zatsopano za nyengo zamtsogolo.

Kubalanso ndi kubzala

Kubzala ndi kubalana kungatheke mosavuta m'njira ziwiri - kubzala mbewu kapena kufalitsa masamba (kusonkhanitsa), koma njira iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zake.

Zomera zofalitsa zamasamba monga: cactus, tulip, kampsis ndi dieffenbachia.

Mbewu

Njira ya mbewu ndiyo nthawi yambiri yomwe imadya. Ngakhale kuti kumera kwakukulu kwa mbewu, palibe chitsimikizo chopeza mphamvu zolimba, ndipo kumera kwa mphukira zoyamba kumatenga nthawi yaitali. Pachifukwachi, njira ya mbewu imapangidwira pokhapokha pofuna kuswana pofuna kubzala mitundu yatsopano. Kwa iwo omwe sakufuna njira zosavuta zamasamba, njirayi siidzakhala yovuta, ndipo chipiriro chidzalipidwa mochulukitsa. Ndondomeko yokonzekera ndi kuyendetsa ikuchitika muzigawo izi:

• Gawo 1: kukonzekera nthaka. Kusakaniza kwa mbeu kubzala mbeu ndi kumera mwamsanga kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosasunthika kusiyana ndi kubzala mbande, choncho dothi lodzala liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje pa chiwerengero cha 2: 1. Kusakaniza kumeneku kungathenso kuchepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi la vermiculite.

• Gawo 2: Kukonzekera mbewu zofesa. Gawo lokonzekera limaphatikizapo kupanga stratification ndi scarification ya mbewu zakuthupi. Ndondomekoyi ndiyo kuika mbewu m'madzi kapena kuperewera kwa potaziyamu permanganate tsiku loti "kudzuka" ndi kutupa. Kuwotchera ndiko kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi ku chipolopolo chapakati cha mbewu (kutsekemera) kuti ayambe kumera.
• Gawo 3: kubzala mbewu. Mbeu yokonzedwa bwino imafesedwa pang'onopang'ono nthaka yosakanikirana ndi nthaka yochepa. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kumera kwa mbande zoyamba za tangi ndi mbewu, ndizotheka kuphimba pamwamba ndi filimu kapena galasi, nthawi zina kuyimba kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Imani "kindergarten" yotereyi iyenera kukhala malo ofunda komanso okwera bwino (malo). Mphepete yam'mwamba iyenera nthawi zonse yothira ndi botolo lopopera, kuti lisamayidwe.
• Gawo 4: kuphika ndi kubzala mbande. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mphukira zoyamba zidzawonekera, ndipo zikadzakula ndi kufika 10-15 masentimita mu msinkhu, zikhoza kubzalidwa (kuziika) pamalo osatha. Panthawiyi, monga lamulo, nyengo yowonjezera imakhazikitsidwa, yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale malo otseguka.

Gawo lokonzekera liri pakati pa mwezi wa May, ndipo kukwera kwake kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa mweziwo. Ndi ndondomekoyi, kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka ayenera kugwa kumapeto kwa June. Kwa kulima kwapakhomo nthawi zotere sikofunikira kwambiri ngati "nyengo" ya chipinda imaloleza.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku nyemba za mbatata zouma komanso pansi, mukhoza kumwa mowa wa khofi - fanizo la khofi popanda "khofi".

Zamasamba

Njira yosavuta yopangira Ipomoea ndi vegetative, yopangidwa ndi kudula mphukira yakale kapena mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera ku tubers. Njira yotchuka yobzala tubers kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Pochita izi, pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, tubers imayikidwa m'nthaka kusakaniza ndi kuwaza pamwamba ndi yaing'ono (1-2 cm) dothi. Pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimakula, zimayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi kuziyika mu chidebe chokonzekera chakumera chokula. Kuti apange mizu yofulumira, mphukira zazing'ono zitha kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi mpaka ziwonekere zooneka, pambuyo pake zikhoza kubzalidwa pamalo osatha a kukula. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kumalo otseguka, ndiye kuti mphukira zazing'ono zowonongeka bwino ziyenera kumera pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha ngati zili mu malo, ndikukhala pamalo osatha. Kuti apange mphukira zazing'ono kumapeto kwa nyengo ya masika, tubers ayenera kubzalidwa mu nthaka lapansi mu February.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera, kuyendetsa kumachitika pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Zofunika za chisamaliro, malingana ndi malo omangidwa

Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kusamalira kwa chomera chomwe chinabzalidwa pamtunda kapena pamphuno. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti chinyezi chimasunthira mofulumira mu mkhalidwe wakunja, chotero kuthirira ulemerero wa mmawa pamalo otseguka kumachitika nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi zotsatira zowonongeka zingatengedwe ngati kulima kwapakhomo, koma kuthengo zotsatira zake zimakumananso ndi zoyembekeza zonse.

Zingakhale zovuta kukula

Palibe vuto lalikulu pakukula ipomoea yam, koma pali zikhalidwe zina:

• gawo lofunika limasewera ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo yachisanu-chirimwe, yomwe ingakhudze kukula kwake, ndipo nthawi zina zimapangitsa kufa kwa mbewu;
• Mtengo wa maluwa ukhoza kusokonezedwa ndi kusakhoza kulamulira kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, zomwe zingathe kutsogolera mtundu wonse wa zomera.

Kupewa mavuto akukula kumathandiza zomera zokometsera feteleza ndi feteleza. Izi zikhoza kukhala nayitrogeni (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) kapena feteleza (phosphate (superphosphate, phosphoric meal).

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Mbatata imakhala yosawonekera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Matenda a fungalowanso ndiwo mizu yovunda, yomwe imayang'ana motsutsana ndi maziko a madzi. Kuchotsa bowa, ndikwanira kuchotsa mizu yodwalayo, ndikupanga nthaka ndi fungicide iliyonse. Mankhwala othandiza-fungicides: Bordeaux osakaniza, "Vitaros", mkuwa wa sulfate, "Phindu", "Fitolavin" ndi ena. "Vitaros"

Mukudziwa? Yamac tubers mu kukula kwake akhoza kufika kukula kwakukulu - osachepera 30 cm m'litali.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda a kangaude ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pofuna kutaya mwamsanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza amodzi kumakwanira.Kuti mudziwe nokha, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yowonjezera sopo yothetsera zomera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi othandiza kwambiri: "Aktellik", "Vertimek", "Envidor", "Soap Green", "Oberon" ndi ena. "Actellic"

Ipomoea yam - kukwera chomera chomwe chingathe kukongoletsa malo ophweka kwambiri kapena kukhala chokongola choyenera cha mkatikati mwa nyumba. Mitengo yochepa ya mbewuyi ikukopa kwambiri alimi kuti akule bwino, ndipo kuyang'ana kokongola kumaphatikizapo zovuta zonse zazing'ono zomwe zimayambira pakulima.

Video: Ipomoea yam

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