Nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Buyan F1" ndi wamba kwambiri mu wakunja kwatawuni madera. Kulimbana ndi matenda, zosavuta kusamalira ndi kukula, zabwino mwa zokolola. Kukulitsa izo ndi zophweka, koma pali zotsatila zina zomwe muyenera kutsata mu ndondomekoyi.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana ndi parthenocarpic hybrids. Mtundu wa mzimayi wa maluwa ukufala. Nyengo yokula imakhala masiku 40 mpaka 50.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya Partenocarpic yakucha popanda kupukuta mungu ndi tizilombo, njuchi zomwezo. Choncho, iwo ali oyenera kukula mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Kusankha "Buyan F1", ziyenera kukumbukiridwa za izi, chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zingabzalidwe pamtunda.Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi sing'anga. Masamba ndi aakulu, obiriwira, obiriwira. Sankhani malo owala komanso opanda mthunzi. Nthambi zowonjezera ndizochepa, mimba yaikulu imakhala pa tsinde lakuya.
Mapindu ndi awa:
- zokolola zapamwamba ndi zolimba;
- choyamba fruiting;
- kukoma ndi maonekedwe;
- kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi;
- Kukaniza matenda, makamaka powdery mildew, nkhaka zojambula, bulauni malo ndi cladosporia.
Onani maonekedwe a nkhaka za Parthenocarpic "Shosh", "Ecole", "Crispina", "Amur", "Cedric", "April", "Hector", "Emerald Earrings", "Berendey", "German".
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Pa imodzi mwa nambalayi ikhoza kufika ku 6-7 nkhaka mu nthawi imodzi ya fruiting. Zipatso zipse msanga kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo. Kusonkhanitsa kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zipatso zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa pa 45th mutatha kumera. Kawirikawiri chipatsocho ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso chokoma, popanda kupweteka.
Khungu ndi lochepa thupi. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani komanso wonyekemera. Nkhaka zimakula pafupifupi kukula kofanana, zomwe zimakhala zokongola. Kukula kwa chipatsocho ndi masentimita 10 pafupipafupi. Kulemera - mpaka magalamu 100. Mpaka wosakanizidwa ndi makilogalamu 15 pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Mukudziwa? Yoyamba m'mbiri ya nkhalango za nkhaka inkaonekera ku Roma wakale. Emperor Tiberius ankangotamandira masamba awa, chifukwa adalamula kuti nkhaka zatsopano zizigwiritsidwa ntchito patebulo lake tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, posankha mbande ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti izi zosiyanasiyana sizifuna zina pollination, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosiyanitsa zomwe zidzalembedwa pa bokosi la mbewu.
Mbande zibzalidwa pa mbande mu Meyi. Pankhaniyi, ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikupereka dzuwa lokwanira. Palibe malamulo apadera posankha mbande.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Kubzala mbande zomwe zimapangidwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa. Kawirikawiri chomeracho chimakondera nthaka yosafunika. Ngati ndizokulu kwambiri, nkofunika kuika chimbudzi chaka chimodzi musanayambe kukonzekera.
Ndiponso, malo okhala ndi nthaka yachonde ayenera kusankhidwa, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zakula pa sitepala. Manyowa nthaka ayenera kukhala achilengedwe basi feteleza (kompositi kapena humus).
Ndi zofunika kupanga chisakanizo cha fetereza, peat ndi utuchi, mukhoza kuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite. Ngati simukukonzekera dothi - mukhoza kugula mu sitolo.
Mavuto akukula
Mitengo yotentha ndi yowala. Malowa ayenera kusankhidwa ndi dzuwa ndi kutentha, koma nthawizonse amatetezedwa ku mphepo. Nkhaka ndizovuta kulekerera ndi mphepo yamphamvu kapena ndondomeko.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kulima kudzakhala 23 + ... madigiri 266, koma zosiyanasiyana zingakhale zabwino ngakhale madigiri 30. Onetsetsani kuti muzitha kuthirira nthawi yake, makamaka kutentha kapena kutentha.
Ponena za ulimi wothirira, ndi bwino kusankha mlingo wapadera pa izi, kumene mungatsanulire ndikuumirira madzi omwe akuwotchedwa ndi njira zachirengedwe. Mukamwetsa nkhaka ndi madzi ozizira, mukhoza kuvulaza ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwawo.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti tipewe kuoneka kowawa mu chipatso, chomwe simungathe kuchichotsa, ndikofunikira kuti mukhalemo ndi kumasula nthaka. Kuweta kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, kuti asawononge mizu. Ndifunikanso kuteteza nthaka kuti iume.Pa kukula kwachangu ndi maluwa, mukhoza kupereka zochuluka za feteleza.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Pali malamulo ena okula mbewu kumudzi. Mwa kuwatsatira, mukhoza kupeza mbande zabwino m'nthawi yochepa.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi malamulo okonzekera dothi la mbande, kupiritsa mankhwala osakaniza nthaka ndi zosankha zofesa mbande.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Ena akukulangizani kuti mukonzekere mbeu musanadzalemo makamaka makamaka kuti muzipaka mankhwala ndi kuwazitsa. Palibe lamulo lapaderadera - ngati mbewu zinagulidwa ku kampani yabwino yotsimikiziridwa ndi ulimi, zolembazo sizinawonongeke, ndi zina zotero, ndiye mutha kutsimikiza kuti mbewu zatha kale nthawi yokonzekera. Ponena za kubzala mbeu musanabzala - imangofulumizitsa kumera.
Malamulo owuma:
- Mbewu imayikidwa mu chipinda madzi kwa maora asanu.
- Pambuyo pake, iwo amasinthidwa ku zokupukuta zamadzi.
- Zipukuta zimafunika kuti zizikhala zowonongeka nthawi zonse.
- Pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu mizu imawoneka, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kukafika.
Njira yobzala mbewu
Mbewu imabzalidwa pambuyo pakuwoneka koyamba kumera, pafupi tsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu. Iwo amaikidwa mu nthaka, omwe ankatsanulira kale mu chidebe, ndi kuwaza ndi zina zonse za dziko lapansi. Pangani kuthirira.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungasankhire nthawi yobzala, momwe mungagwirire mbewu za nkhaka, mbewu zomwe zimamera zimadalira bwanji, kubzala nkhaka za mbande, momwe mungabzalidwe mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Ndi bwino kuika mbewu mu kapu za pulasitiki kapena zida zina zazing'ono. Mwa izi, mungathe kusunthitsa mbande pansi - kungotaya ndi kudzala ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi. Zitsulozi zimayikidwa m'malo amdima ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena matumba. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira zimatha kusunthira pamalo owala, kuchotsa filimuyi.
Kusamalira mmera
Musanabzala mbande, ndibwino kuti muzipititsa kunja, kuti izizikhala nyengo komanso dzuwa. Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse, makamaka tsiku lililonse. Ndipo makamaka malo kapena madzi ofunda.
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Pakatha masabata awiri mutatha mphukira mukhoza kuyika mu nthaka yokonzedwa. Kawirikawiri imagwera pakati pa May, pamene kutentha kuli kolimba ndipo nyengo imakhala yofunda.
Kutentha koyenera kubzala kudzakhala madigiri 25, usiku - osachepera madigiri 10. Mizu iyenera kuikidwa mozama pafupifupi masentimita 10. Zitsime zimayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 40. Pambuyo poika ziphuphuzo, zimakhala ndi ufa ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Muzitsulo zimangothamanga potassium permanganate musanadzalemo, zimathandiza kupewa matenda a mizu ndi chirombo.
Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
Mbewu imasiyanitsidwa ndi kumera bwino osati kokha pamene mubzala mbande, komanso mukufesa. Pali ndondomeko yowonjezera ya zochita, zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pazomwezi.
Zochitika kunja
Zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa makamaka chifukwa chodzala muzitsekedwa. Zimapereka zotsatira zabwino pa nyengo yotentha, chifukwa sizifuna zina zowonjezera mungu. Koma ikhoza kukhala wamkulu pamtunda, sizimakhudza makamaka zizindikiro za fruiting, nkhaka zokha zimawoneka pang'ono. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha malo abwino ndi kuwala kokwanira ndikukonzekera nthaka.
Pezani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka yabwino kuti mutsegulire pansi, pamene mubzala nkhaka yotseguka pansi, momwe mungamere nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, momwe mungamwetse nkhaka yotseguka pansi.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Kufesa mbewu pa mabedi kunachitika mu theka lachiwiri la May. Izi zisanachitike, ndibwino kuti muzikonzekera ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati kuli kofunikira. Kawirikawiri, opanga amadzipanga okha, koma mukhoza kuika potaziyamu permanganate kwa kanthawi kochepa, kenako mu madzi otentha kwa mphindi 30.
Pofesa mbewu zazikulu zokha zimatengedwa, zopanda kanthu ndi zazing'ono zimakhala bwino kuthetsa. Poyesa kufesa pamalo otseguka, akhoza kuikidwa pamabedi mwamsanga atatha kukonza kapena atatha, monga momwe zilili ndi kukonzekera mbande. Kuzama kwakukulu kwa kukafika ndi 2 masentimita.
Ngati mubzala m'zitsime, ndi bwino kuika mbeu 2-3, choncho tchire lidzakhala lolimba kwambiri. Ngati mukufesa mzere, sungani mtunda wa masentimita 10 pakati pa mbewu ndi 50 cm pakati pa mizere. Mabedi amadzala ndi polyethylene mpaka kumera koyamba.
Kuthirira
Malamulo ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndi ofanana ndi pamene mubzala mbande. Chinthu chachikulu pa nkhani ya kulima pa mabedi ndikumwa madzi maulendo angapo pa sabata. Ngati nyengo ndi nyengo zouma, ndiye tsiku lirilonse, ngati liri lozizira komanso lopanda madzi, osachepera 2 pa sabata.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka imatchulidwa ngakhale mu Baibulo! Kumeneko amatchedwa masamba a ku Iguputo. Ku Igupto wakale, iye anali wolemekezeka kwambiri kuti iwo ankajambula pa matebulo, nsembe, manda, ndipo ngakhale anaziyika pamodzi ndi aharahara kumanda.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Mitundu yosiyana siyimera weeding, makamaka ngati zomera zidakali zochepa. Mzuwu ndi wosakhwima kwambiri, chifukwa kuyanika kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti asawononge tchire. Ngati zomera zowonjezereka kapena zolimba - mukufunika udzu wofooka ndi waulesi ndikuphuka pamabedi. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mudula udzu ngati namsongole akukula.
Kutsegula kumasulidwa mosalekeza, osachepera masiku awiri, kuti nthaka isame, ndipo mizu ili ndi oxygen yokwanira kukula. Ngati simukuchita izi - mkwiyo ukhoza kuwoneka mu chipatso.
Masking
Zamakono zamakono "Buyan" sizikufuna ma staging. Kuphwanyika mphukira sikukusowa.
Belt girter
Garter iyenera kuchitidwa kotero kuti chomera mu kukula sikuyang'ana chithandizo cha chitukuko. Kawirikawiri, nkhaka zowuma kapena zopuma. Kuonjezera apo, pali mwayi kuti iwo azitha kusokoneza ndi zomera zina kuti azikhala bwino kapena kuti azilepheretsa kukula kwa tchire tochepa. Ndipo garter imaloleza osati kulimbikitsa chomera chokha, komanso kupereka mpata kupeza kuwala kokwanira ndi kutentha.
Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri ndi yopingasa. Ndizovuta kwa nkhaka zobzala m'mabedi. Pamphepete mwawo pali mapaipi awiri kapena zothandizira matabwa. Pakati pa iwo, chingwe kapena chingwe cholimba chilimbikitsidwa ndi chitetezo. Pambuyo pake, zimayambira zazomerazo zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika pa chingwe. Kuwonjezera apo, njira iyi ya garter imakulolani kuti muwonjezere chithandizo chowoneka, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi makasitomala a galasi mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa dothi kumachitika kawiri - musanafese komanso panthawi ya maluwa, pamene nthawi ya kukula ndi yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Dyetsa makamaka feteleza zachirengedwe. Mukhozanso kupanga mineral dressing monga zina, pa kutsegula humus.
Video: momwe angadyetse nkhaka
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Mitundu yosiyana ndi yotetezeka kwambiri ndipo sichidziwika bwino ndi matenda. Nthenda yokha yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudza zomera ndi peronosporosis. Ndizo matenda a fungal. Mbalame yamtundu, yofiira kapena yofiira imapezeka pamtunda wodwala, mawanga a mtundu womwewo amawoneka pamasamba.
N'zotheka kudziwa matendawa ndi kutumphuka komwe kumatuluka ndi mawonekedwe a masamba. N'zotheka kuchiza matendawa powapopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides. Mankhwalawa amakulolani kumenyana ndi tizirombo zosayenera.
Phunzirani momwe mungachiritse nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, pawindo, komanso mankhwala ochiritsira.
Gwiritsani ntchito mavuto "Phindu" kapena "Ridomil." Musanabzala, kotero kuti ziphuphu zazing'ono sizikugwidwa ndi zilonda ndi tizirombo, mukhoza kuwonjezera potassium permanganate kapena fungicides yomweyo mu dzenje.
Mmene mungachitire mankhwala a peronosporosis nkhaka: kanema
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Sonkhanitsani chipatso makamaka kumapeto kwa May ndi July. Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse yakucha kucha, nkhaka sizinama kwa nthawi yaitali. Ayenera kudyedwa mwamsanga kapena atakulungidwa mu mbiya. Mikhalidwe yosakaniza yosakanikirana ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yochepa, osati masabata angapo, m'malo ozizira ndi amdima. Ngati muwasungira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba - simukusowa kusamba nkhaka, koma mufiriji ndi bwino kupukuta zipatso zowatsuka kale.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhalenso nkhaka ili ndi holide yake komanso tsiku. July 27 amadziwika kuti International Day of Nkhaka, ndipo ku Suzdal lero ali ndi tchuthi lapadera.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Zosiyanasiyana sizingakhale zovuta, popeza sizilimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndipo sizikusowa zosamalidwa kapena kukonzekera. Chinthu chokha chimene muyenera kumvetsera ndi nthaka. Ngati simukuchita kukonzekera musanadzalemo, zomera zidzakhala zosauka, fruiting mochedwa ndi zochepa.
Pangakhalenso mavuto ndi maonekedwe a perinospora (mwala, tsamba la kusintha, kutayika kwa zipatso). Pofuna kupeĊµa zizindikiro zoterezi, m'pofunika kupopera ndi kuthira nthaka ndi antchito. Zina mwazovomerezeka za chisamaliro ndi madzi okwanira ambiri komanso mosamala kwambiri.
Ndipotu, n'zosavuta kusamalira zomera, zimagwirizana bwino ndi chilengedwe komanso zimabereka zipatso bwino, makamaka ngati mupereka zofunikira. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa ku nthaka ndi malo okula. Ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse obzala, mosasamala kanthu za njirayi, mudzalandira zipatso zambiri zokoma ndi zokometsera mwamsanga.
Momwe mungamerekere nkhaka mitundu "Buyan F1": ndemanga
Akhazikeni pamtunda wa udzu, pamwamba - masentimita 10 wosanjikizana a dziko lapansi, kukolola mpaka m'dzinja
