Kukula masitonkeni kungabweretse mavuto ambiri kwa alimi a nkhuku: pa nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wawo, nkhuku zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzinthu zakunja - kusintha kulikonse kungawononge chitukuko chawo. Pofuna kupewa izi, nkofunika kuyendetsa bwino chikhalidwe cha anapiye, kuyang'anira zakudya zawo, kuchita zowononga pofuna kuthana ndi matenda, komanso kudziwa zifukwa zazikulu za kukula kwa anyamata. Tidzakambirana zonsezi m'nkhaniyi.
Zifukwa za nkhuku zosauka
Kukula kwachangu kwachinyamata kumaonekera m'masabata oyambirira a moyo. Ndi zinthu zonse zakusungirako, phindu la kulemera limabwera mofulumira. Koma ngati zolakwa zinapangidwa mwanjira ina, chitukuko chikhoza kuchepa kapena kuima. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chitukuko ziri pansipa.
Zamoyo
Kusiyanitsa pa chitukuko cha nkhuku kungakhale ngati:
- dzira losankhidwa linali ndi zofooka ndipo silinazindikiridwe pakusankhidwa;
- dzira silinasungidwe mosayenera mu nthawi yoyamba yosakaniza;
- dzira silinakhazikike kapena kutenthedwa pa nthawi;
- mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi kachilombo kaye chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa nkhuku zosayenera;
- dzira linawotcha panthawi yopuma;
- kusokoneza chinyontho panthawi yopuma;
- wosanjikiza sanalandire mavitamini okwanira panthawi yoika mazira.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zimabadwa kuchokera mazira 50x50: theka lachimuna, theka lachikazi.
Zolakwika zosakwanira
Nkhuku ziyenera kutentha. Ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono kwa kutentha kungayambitse kuti mwanayo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku chakudya osati kukula, koma kutentha. Kuwonjezera apo, m'masabata awiri oyambirira a moyo, mbalameyo imapanga chitetezo cha thupi, choncho ngati thupi lizizira, chitetezo cha mthupi sichidzatha kugwira ntchito yake. 
Kutentha kwa nkhuku m'masabata oyambirira ndi 30 ° С, ndipo imatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 25 ° С. Kutenthetsa kwambiri kumakhudzanso thanzi la achinyamata. Kupweteka kwa madzi kumayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi. Zojambula zimakhudzanso thupi lokula: nkhuku imatha kutenga chimfine. Mbalame zikukula pang'onopang'ono ngati nyumbayo ilibe.
Pa nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wa anapiye, maola a masana ayenera kukhala maola 17. Kuunikira sikuyenera kukhala koopsa, mwinamwake nkhuku zimatha kukwiyitsa ndikuyamba kukondana. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa miseche zingakhale zoperewera, zakudya zosagwirizana, nkhawa.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kukula ndi kudyetsa nkhuku molondola.
Kudyetsa zolakwika
Ngati chakudyacho sichimangidwa molondola, chikhoza kuchepetsa kuchepetsa mbalame. Mimba ya nkhuku m'masiku oyambirira a moyo amatha kuzindikira zochepa za mankhwala. Zina, zabwino kwambiri, zidzatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku thupi, chifukwa cha nkhukuyo sichidzapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zowonjezera. 
Zakudya zopanda malire ndizo zimayambitsa kukula kwa ziweto zazing'ono. Chifukwa choperewera zakudya zamapuloteni, zakudya zowonjezera zimachepa, ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavitamini, avitaminosis imayamba, ndipo mbalameyo imataya mtima ndipo imakhala yofooketsa komanso yofooka. Zizindikiro za beriberi kawirikawiri zimawonekera kuchokera tsiku lachisanu la moyo wa nkhuku, ndipo ali nazo zawo pa vitamini aliyense:
- A - conjunctivitis, miyendo yofooka;
- Mu_maseu, mutu umatayidwa mmbuyo, chitukuko chimatsalira mmbuyo;
- D-rickets, kukula bwino, mafupa ofewa, amadya kwambiri;
- K - nkhuku imakana kudya, khungu ndi louma, palibe kutentha pamasiku otentha, kudana.
Matenda
Matenda a nkhuku akhoza kugawa m'magulu atatu:
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi la anapiye kuchokera ku chilengedwe chakunja kapena kuchokera kumalo odwala). Matenda amenewa akhoza kukhala owopsa osati zinyama zonse, komanso anthu.
- Parasitic (mphutsi, nkhupakupa, utitiri, nsabwe ndi zina). Tidya thupi la nyama ndikupangitsa kuti likhale losatetezeka ku matenda.
- Matenda kapena matenda omwe amachitidwa chifukwa cha kuphwanya zikhalidwe za nkhuku. Monga lamulo, zimayambitsidwa ndi kusadya bwino, kusasamala bwino, komanso kusagwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha.
Mwa tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi matenda a nkhuku, ife tafotokoza pansipa.Mukudziwa? Anthu ena amavutika ndi actorophobia - kuopa nkhuku ndi nkhuku.
Chochita: malamulo a kukula kwa nkhuku
Kuti achinyamata akule ndikukula bwino, m'pofunika kuti azikhala bwino, ayang'anire zakudya zake, ndipo azichita zinthu zowononga nthawi kuti athetse matenda.
Momwe mungasankhire mazira a makulitsidwe
Kuthamanga kwa nyama zinyama kumadalira mtundu wa mazira osankhidwa kuti akhale makulitsidwe. Kuti mabadwidwe apamwamba akhale apamwamba, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatira:
- mazira ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku mbalame yathanzi;
- Kusakaniza mazira oyenerera kuchokera kumsinkhu wokhwima;
- Zokonzedweratu zowonjezera mazira oyenda pakati;
- Musanayike mu mazira osakaniza ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kuti zikhale mkati ndi kunja, feteleza. Zosayenera: zosaoneka bwino, zovuta, zowopsya, zowonongeka, zonyansa, zazing'ono kapena zazikulu, zowonongeka, ndi mapuloteni a madzi, yunifolomu mu lumen, ndi yolk yokhazikika ku chipolopolo;
- Kuti mukhale ndi makulitsidwe, ndizofunika kusonkhanitsa mazira kuchokera pa wosanjikiza kamodzi pa maola awiri onse kuti dzira lisakhale ndi nthawi yozizira;
- Pofuna kubereka anapiye panthawi imodzimodzi, mazira a gulu limodzi ndi olemera;
- bwino kuti musakakamize mazira omwe asungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Zochita zawo ndizochepa kwambiri.
Malamulo osunga chiguduli
Nkhuku iyenera kukhala yoyera: Kusasamala bwino kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lofooka komanso kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana, choncho nyumbayo iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse, kusintha zinyalala ndi kupiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kumwa. Kuwonjezera apo, chipinda chimene mbalame zimakhalamo chiyenera kukhala chouma, mpweya wokwanira, popanda piritsi, ndi chinyezi cha 60-70%.
Thanzi limakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Ngati ili mu khola, ndiye kuti m'modzi mwa iwo musakhale mitu yoposa 18, ndipo khola liyenera kukhala laling'ono. M'kati mwake, mlingo wololedwa wa mitu pamtunda mita imodzi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 20, kupatula kuti ana asanakwane masabata 4. Mu masabata 4-5 ayenera kukonza - zolinga 17 pa mita imodzi. Kuchokera pa masabata 10-20 pa mita imodzi lalikulu ndiloledwa kupeza mitu yoposa 10.
Werengani komanso momwe mungasamalire ndi kukula nkhuku mutatha kusakaniza.
M'chipinda chomwe nkhuku zimakhala, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa:
- nestling zaka 1-2 masiku: + 35-36 ° C;
- 3-4 masiku okalamba: + 33-34 ° С;
- zaka 5-7 masiku: + 31-32 ° С;
- zaka 14-21 masiku: + 28-29 ° С;
- zaka 22-35 masiku: + 26-27 ° C;
- 40-60 masiku okalamba: + 22-24 ° С;
- Masiku 60 kapena kuposa: + 18-20 ° C.
Kuunikira:
- m'masiku angapo oyamba atabadwa, kuyatsa kuli kozungulira koloko;
- pa msinkhu wa msabata, mukhoza kuchepetsa maola a masana kwa maola 20;
- Kuwala kwa maola 8 mpaka 10 kumakwana kwa miyezi iwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha m'nyumba kumene nyama zinyama zimakhala siziyenera kupitirira +40-41 ° C.
Kudya ndi kudyetsa nkhuku
Ndikofunika kwambiri kumanga chakudya cha nkhuku kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wake: chitukuko chake chidzadalira. Ndi bwino kuyamba kudyetsa nthawi yomweyo ndi chakudya chapadera chofanana ndi nthawi ya mbalameyo. Koma kuwonjezera pa chakudya chapadera, mndandandawu uyeneranso kuphatikiza zakudya zowonjezera: mkaka wobiriwira, tirigu, mafuta, masamba. 
Kuti zitheke bwino, nyama zinyama ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi tchizi, mazira, chimanga cha tirigu, tirigu kapena mapira, chakudya cha soya, nsomba, fupa ndi chakudya cha nyama, mafuta a masamba, anyezi, ndi masamba. Zotsambazi zikhoza kukhala pa menyu kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wa mwanayo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'pofunika kupereka mavitamini ndi mchere. Pa tsiku loyamba la moyo, nkhuku imadya katatu patsiku (kuganizira chakudya chamadzulo), ndipo imatha kulandira gawo loyamba la chakudya patatha maola 12 patangotha kubadwa.
Kuti nkhuku idye chakudya, muyenera kuyang'anira masiku oyambirira a moyo wawo. Mukawona zofooka ndi zathargic, prokapah vitaminizo zimakhala ndi pipette. Kuyambira tsiku la makumi awiri la moyo, mwana wa nkhuku ayenera kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana: alowetsani mbatata, nsomba ndi nyama yamchere kuchokera ku zinyalala. Mbalame iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza munthu wodyetsa ndi wothirira. Zida zimenezi ziyenera kukhala zodzaza, monga anapiye akudya nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nkhuku yadzaza, iye adzakhala ndi goiter wadzaza ndipo adzagona mwamsanga atatha kudya.
Kupewa Matenda
Pochepetsa kuchepetsa mbalame za matenda osiyanasiyana, muyenera:
- Disinfect musanayambe kagwiritsidwe katsopano kakang'ono ka nyumba ya nkhuku.
- Apatseni zipinda zosiyana za nkhuku. Sikoyenera kuteteza nyama zina. Muyeneranso kukonza anapiye ndi zaka.
- Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse zowonongeka, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi madzi. Malondawa ayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata, odyetsa ndi oledzera ayenera kusambitsidwa kawiri pa tsiku.
- Dyetsani chakudya chokwanira chokha, khalani ndi zakudya zina mu zakudya, musamangogonjetsa mbalameyi.
- Onetsetsani zizindikiro za kutentha, masitepe a chinyezi, kukhalapo kwa mpweya woipa m'nyumba.
- Nthawi yochizira ndi kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Chitani njira yopewera chitetezo, pogwiritsira ntchito vitamini-mineral complexes.
- Nthawi yozindikira mbalame zodwala ndikudzipatula kwa ena onse.
Mankhwala a nkhuku
Poyambirira m'nkhani yathu tanena kale kuti matenda a nkhuku akhoza kugawa m'magulu atatu. Tsopano ife tilongosola matenda omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri mu gulu lirilonse ndikukufotokozerani momwe mungapiririre.
Hypothermia ndi Hyperthermia
Hypothermia, kapena mwanjira ina hypothermia, ikuwonetseredwa monga:
- chiwonetsero;
- kuchepa ntchito;
- chifuwa;
- matenda a m'mimba.
Matenda a nkhuku - kupewa ndi kuchiza.
Hyperthermia, kapena kutentha kwambiri, amadziwonetsera:
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kusokonezeka m'mimba;
- nsalu ya buluu.
- kuchepetsa kutentha ndi chinyezi mu nyumba ya nkhuku;
- yang'anani kupezeka kwa madzi;
- bwino kukonzekera mpweya wabwino.
Zisonyezero za matendawa zimatha ndi momwe zinthu zimakhalira panyumba.Atrophy wa m'mimba yovuta
Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kudyetsa kosayenera kwa mbalameyi. Ngati anyamata nthawi zonse amadya chakudya champhongo ndipo alibe mwayi wopeza miyala yaing'ono, zipolopolo, mchenga, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azidya chakudya, ndiye kuti amayamba kupweteka m'mimba. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri nkhuku zaka zoposa 1-3 ndipo amapereka 80%.
Zizindikiro:
- ludzu;
- chilakolako chowonjezeka;
- Zowonjezera zimakhala ndi magawo ena opatsa chakudya;
- kutaya mwadzidzidzi;
- kudandaula (matenda).
Typhus
Matenda opatsirana okhudza matumbo, ziwalo zovulaza. Zinyama zazing'ono zimakhala zovuta, zosasamalidwa bwino. Ngati anthu akudwala, ayenera kukhala okhaokha. Zina zonse ziyenera kukhala njira zothandizira: perekani mankhwala "Biovita-40" kwa 12.5 mg, ngati nkhuku ili pafupi masiku 10, okalamba - 15 mg. Ngati mliri wachitika, zinyama zakukhudzidwa ziyenera kutayidwa (kutayidwa).
Mukudziwa? Mu 1889, ku England kunali koyamba ku Typhus. Ndiye matendawa amatchedwa "mbalame salmonellosis". Munali mu 1907 okha omwe amadziwika kuti causative agent ndipo amatchulidwa kuti pullorosis (kuchokera ku bacterium).
Matendawa amadziwonetsera motere:
- kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri;
- chiwonetsero;
- kutaya ntchito;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- maso a mbalame ali osatsekedwa mwatheka;
- Nkhuku zowoneka bwino, zimawoneka.
Salmonellosis
Matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa thupi m'mimba mwa nyama komanso kumayambitsa matenda a magazi. Zimakhudza matendawa makamaka achinyamata osapitirira miyezi inayi ndipo amatha kufa. 
Zikuwonekera:
- kutsegula m'mimba;
- zowola;
- kuwopa kuunika;
- kusowa mphamvu.
Pasteurellosis
Dzina lina la matendawa ndi kolera. Ndi matenda a bakiteriya omwe amakhudza mbalame zakutchire ndi zakutchire. Nthenga zowonongeka zikhoza kufa kapena kuchepetsedwa pa chitukuko.
Zikuwonekera:
- kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi;
- zowola;
- boma lopsinjika;
- kufooka;
- kusowa mphamvu kuti akhalebe pa mapazi awo;
- chosavuta;
- zoponda.
Poyamba kudandaula za matendawa, nkhukuyo iyenera kukhala yotalikiratu, ndipo chipinda chonsecho ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi chlorine kapena freshlylive laimu. Monga njira yothandizira, ndi kofunika kuyendetsa mankhwala a tetracycline gulu ndikuwongolera momwe zinthu zilili ndi zakudya zodyera nyama.Nthomba
Matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza khungu la mbalameyi ndi pamlomo. Amapatsirana kuchokera kwa wodwala, makoswe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa magazi.
Ndikofunikira! Kupha mbalame yodwala moona mtima kuti matendawa asapitirire mliri.
Zizindikiro za matenda:
- kufooka;
- kupweteka;
- kuphwanya kumeza reflex;
- kupuma kosasangalatsa;
- akuyang'ana pamtsinje wa mlomo ndi maso.
Matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa kumayambiriro. Malo okhudzidwa ndi khungu amathandizidwa ndi yankho la madzi otchedwa furatsilina kapena boric asidi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito "Galazolin". 
Coccidiosis
Matenda avian a matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, coccidia. Zimakhudza m'matumbo.
Zizindikiro za matenda:
- kusamvera;
- kusala kudya;
- ludzu nthawi zonse;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- kulemera
Lsindikizani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa:
- "Amprolium";
- "Sulfadimezin";
- "Rigekoccin";
- "Koktsidiovit".
Monga momwe mukuonera, kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu, nkhuku zathanzi ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ziweto, muyenera kutsatira zofunikira za kusamalira ndi kusamalira nkhuku, kuzidyetsa zokha ndi chakudya chapamwamba komanso nthawi zonse. Pamene munthu wodwala amapezeka, ayenera kukhala patali pomwepo ndi ena komanso njira zingapo zothana ndi matendawa. Chiweto chokhacho chiyenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro chachikulu ndi chisamaliro.
