Nkhaka ndi pafupifupi 98% madzi. Ndipo kuyang'ana pa masamba obiriwirawa, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa kumene zimachokera ku mphamvu zotere, zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi zokoma zokoma, zokoma zapadera, ndi zakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi. Pakalipano, munthu amathandiza masambawa kuti apange, kutulutsa mitundu yonse yatsopano. Momwe, mwachitsanzo, "Semkross", kale anali ndi nthawi yopambana mitima ndi mabedi ambiri amalima.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
"Semcross", pokhala ndi nkhaka zosakanizidwa, yakhala ndi makhalidwe ambiri abwino, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ndi kusakhala kowawa mmenemo. Ndipo pa chiwerengero cha majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mosasamala za zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula, sizidzamva kukoma konse.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuka zotukuka, makamaka zopangidwa ndi munthu ku gome lake, zakhalapo pa Dziko lapansi kwa zaka sikisi zikwi zisanu.
Kuwonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyamba koyambirira, kulowa mu fruiting nthawi 40-43 masiku pambuyo mphukira yoyamba. Chinthu chinanso chachikulu cha nkhakayi ndikumana ndi matenda akuluakulu a nkhaka.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino mchere watsopano, mchere, komanso mitundu ina ya masamba. Amakhala ndi mungu wochokera ku njuchi, zomwe zimauluka mwachangu pazitsamba zazing'ono, koma zonunkhira maluwa achikasu. 
Masamba a masambawa sali aakulu kwambiri, obiriwira kwambiri komanso osakanikirana ngati nkhaka zina. Mliri sizitali, koma ndi nthambi, ngakhale kuti sizimapanga nkhaka mtsogoleri pakati pa ena malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Chipatso cha nkhaka ya nkhaka, yomwe imatchedwa amadyera, imakhala yolemera pafupifupi 80-90 g ndi kutalika kwa 9 mpaka 11 cm. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mazenera omwe sapezeka, koma m'malo mwake. Mtundu wake wobiriwira umakhala wochepetsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yowala ndi malo aakulu.
Dziwani zambiri za kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka monga "Claudia", "Herman", "Kibriya", "Berendey", "Aquarius", "Bouquet", "Green Stream", "Ecole", "Merenga", "Buyan" , Crispina, Cupid, Spino, Amakonda Amayi, Akusuntha, Miranda, Mausiku a Moscow, ndi Kamnyamata Kakang'ono.
Chinthu chinanso chopambana cha izi ndizokolola zake zabwino. Kuchokera pa 1 square. M kutsegula pansi, amatha kupereka makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri. 
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Ngati kulibe kuthekera kapena kulakalaka kukula mbande za nkhaka, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito anthu omwe akugulitsa. Ndipo apa, pambali pazofunikira - chitsimikiziro chakuti zoyenera mbande ndizosiyana ndi "Semcross", zizindikiro zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti mbande zikhale zokonzeka kubzala pamalo otseguka, nkofunika kuti tsamba lachitatu liwoneke mmenemo. Koma pano chinthu china choyenera chiyenera kuganiziridwa. Mbande ingabzalidwe m'nthaka pansi pa thambo lotseguka pokhapokha ngozi ya chisanu yadutsa.
Choncho, m'pofunika kuti mfundo ziwiri izi zikugwirizana: kukonzekera kwa mbande ndi kukonzeka kwa nthaka kuvomereza mbewu popanda chiopsezo. Mbeu zowonjezera mutabzala mutseguka zimakhala zowawa kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa zikhalidwe zatsopano zatsopano, ndipo mphukira yomwe sichinafikepo mpaka kumapeto ikhoza kufa. 
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Malingana ndi akatswiri, nkhaka zimakula pafupifupi dziko lililonse, ngakhale kuti zimakonda kuwala mchenga ndi loamy nthaka yochepa acidity. Koma izi ndi zokhudzana ndi kupulumuka kwa mbeu. Koma kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri kuchokera ku ndiwo zamasamba, ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka, kumene mbewu zidzabzalidwa, kugwira ntchito mwakhama.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerengera za mtundu wa nthaka yomwe ilipo, momwe mungathandizire kubereka kwa nthaka, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity wa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Choyamba muyenera kuganizira kuti Ndizosafunika kwambiri kubzala nkhaka pa ziwembu zomwe zomera zina zimakula. Nthaka kumeneko ikhoza kukhala chonyamulira cha matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amadzala ndi masamba oyambirira.
Koma kwa nkhaka, nthaka imene kabichi, tomato, nandolo ndi mbatata poyamba zinakula ndi zangwiro. M'dzinja, malo omwe akuyenera kudzala nkhaka mbande m'chaka amayenera kukumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe chonse cha mchere feteleza ndi manyowa pamtunda wa 1 l pa 1 sq. M. m 
Ndipo m'chaka, pafupi masiku khumi musanabzala, muyenera kubwezeranso mabedi ndikukonzekera nthaka ngati "keke", Nchifukwa chiyani mukutsatira zigawo za:
- chotsitsa;
- kompositi;
- peat;
- udzu;
- humus ndi kuwonjezera kwa phulusa;
- chernozem wosanjikiza wa osachepera 20 cm.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi yomweyo musanayambe kubzala mbewu mmudzi uliwonse, m'pofunika kutsanulira madzi otentha.
Pambuyo popanga mapepala kwa masiku awiri musanadzalemo, nthaka yokonzedwa iyenera kutsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha kutenthetsa pafupifupi 80 ° C, ndi kuwonjezera pa supuni 1 ya sulphate yamkuwa pa malita 10 alionse. Pazithunzi 1. Mabedi a mamita ayenera kutenga malita atatu a yankho. Ntchitoyi imafunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Mavuto akukula
Nkhaka ndi wachikondi ndi thermophilic masamba. Choncho, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa bwino pamene nthaka yayamba kutentha ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kuli mkati mwa 15-17 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa fruiting ya nkhaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pakati pa +25 ndi +30 ° C ndi chinyezi chake choposa 70%.
Mbewu izi zimakonda nthaka yonyowa ndipo zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Koma pamaso pa maluwa, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa moyenera, komanso panthawi ya maluwa komanso panthawi ya fruiting, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchulukitsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, kutulutsa mpweya wake kufika pa malita 12 pa mita imodzi. m masiku awiri alionse. Kuthirira kumayenera kukhala madzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda kutentha. 
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Ngati nyembazo ndizitsamba zowonjezera, zingatheke kufotokozera mwachidule kuyambira kokolola. Koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kutsatira zosavuta, koma malamulo ovomerezeka.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Kawirikawiri, mbewu za nkhaka zimabzalidwa pakhomo lachiwiri la February. Ngakhale mbewu izi zikhoza kusungidwa popanda kutaya kumera, kwa zaka khumi, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti nyengo yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbewu ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Malingana ndi kumene mbewu za "Semcross" zimapezeka, mugawuni yogawidwa kapena idzipeleka, idzakonzekera kufesa. Kwa mbeu zamasitolo, werengani malangizo mosamala ndikutsatira ndendende.
Ngati nyembazo zimakololedwa pakhomo pawokha, ndiye kuti amafunikira njira zothandizira, komanso kuchita magawo angapo akukonzekera kuti afesedwe, zomwe ziri motere:
- muyeso, pamene mbeu imatsanuliridwa mu njira ya saline 3 ndipo mafunde akuyandama amachotsedwa, ndipo otsala pansi amachotsedwa ndi zouma;
- pogwiritsa ntchito 1% ya potaziyamu permanganate, momwe mbeu imayambira kwa theka la ora ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi otentha ndi zouma;
- Mbeu zambewu zimayikidwa pa nsalu yonyowa ya thonje, ndipo zimakhalapo mpaka mphukirayo ifike pa masentimita awiri, kuti ayambe kuyambitsa njirayi, biostimulants ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku madzi omwe nsaluyo imathira;
- kuumitsa, komwe kumatumiza mbewu zowonongeka ku firiji kwa masiku awiri, zomwe zimakulungidwa mosamala mu nsalu yonyowa, yomwe inali nthawi zonse.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Nthenda yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbewu imatengedwa ngati kapu ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi masentimita 7.
Idzadzala ndi nthaka ya mbande zomwe zimapangidwa:
- 40%;
- 40% peat;
- 10% ya utuchi;
- 10% ya manyowa.
Ndipo mungathe kukonzekeranso nthaka kwa mbande kuchokera:
- 60% humus;
- 30% nthaka;
- Mchenga 10%.
Pokonzekera dothi, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pa mlingo wa 5 malita:
- superphosphate - 7 g;
- sulfate ya potaziyamu - 4 g;
- urea - 3 g;
- magnesium sulphate - 1 g.
Kuwonjezera pa makapu apulasitiki achikhalidwe, mungagwiritse ntchito ngati malo okula mbande:- mapiritsi a peat;
- sawdust;
- filimu yamapulasitiki ngati mawonekedwe oyendayenda pansi;
- zipolopolo za dzira;
- ndipo ngakhale pepala la chimbudzi.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kusungidwa kwa zinthu zonsezi ndi mbande zokula ndi malo ozizira ndi ofunda. Kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa mlingo wosachepera kuposa + 20 ° C. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti, ma phytolamps amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawunikira komanso kuteteza kuwala kofunikira.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nthawi yoyenera kubzala nkhaka kwa mbande, komanso momwe mungabzala nkhaka za mbande.
Njira yobzala mbewu
M'kapu iliyonse ya pulasitiki yokonzera mbande, dzenje liyenera kupangidwa pansi kuti lichotse madzi owonjezera. 
Pambuyo pake, pansi muyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi mumtundu wa mpendadzuwa kapena dongo lodzaza ndi kudzaza chikho ndi nthaka yokonzedwa kwa 4/5 yavotolo.
Mukudziwa? Galasi lopukutidwa ndi mkati mwa nkhaka mu bafa sichikulira.
Pamene ziphuphu zimapita pamwamba, nthaka iyenera kuwonjezedwa. Atapanga cholembera cha 2 cm pansi ndi chala, m'pofunika kuika mbewu mmenemo ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka.
Ndiye muyenera kutsanulira dziko lapansi ndikuliphimba ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kuti mupange wowonjezera kutentha. M'dziko lino, kutentha pafupifupi pafupifupi 25 ° C, makapu ayenera kusungidwa kwa masiku atatu. Pambuyo potsegula makinawa, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madigiri asanu.
Video: Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka kwa mbande
Kusamalira mmera
Kwa mwezi umodzi, mbande za nkhaka zimakula pakhomo.
Panthawi imeneyi iwo amadyetsedwa kawiri:
- Theka la mwezi pambuyo poyamba kuphuka wakhala proklyutsya. Kuchita izi, 3 malita a madzi osungunuka ayenera kusungunuka 20 g wa urea. Osachepera 100 ml ya mankhwala ayenera kutsanuliridwa mu chidebe chilichonse ndi mphukira.
- Patapita sabata, kudyetsa kumabwerezedwa. Pa nthawiyi, 15 g ya nitrophosphate ndi 30 g ya phulusa la mtengo amadzipiritsika mu malita atatu a madzi. Pambuyo maola anayi pokonza ndi kusamba, kuvala pamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi poyamba.
Ngakhale nkhaka imakonda madzi, mbande zapakhomo sizingatheke. Mizu yawo iyenera kokha kokha lonyowa. Imwani nyemba ngati mukufunikira ndi madzi ofunda mutatha. 
Kawirikawiri, kuti mukhale ndi mbande zapamwamba, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira, yomwe ndi yofunika kwa masiku ochepa ofunika, nyengo yamvula yambiri komanso kusowa malo okwanira pazenera zowoneka bwino. Zowonjezera zimapangidwa kudzera mwa fitolamps, zomwe zimapereka kuwala kwachitsulo chochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamagwiritsa ntchito doshochivaniya mbande ayenera kuthiriridwa kawiri nthawi zambiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Pakatha sabata kapena masiku khumi musanabzala, Semcross mbande zimakhala zovuta, zomwe zimamwetsa mobwerezabwereza, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madigiri asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri ndikuziika pamalo opanda mphepo pansi pamtambo. Kuyambira kuuma kwa maminiti khumi, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka.
Video: Kusamalira mbande za nkhaka musanadzalemo
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Mbande zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zikhale ndi malo otseguka zimakhala ndi timapepala tambiri, okwana makumi anayi. Ngati pali zambiri, ndiye kuti mbande zoterozo zimawoneka kuti zikukulirakulira ndipo ziyenera kuwonjezeka pamene zikutsika. Koma pambuyo pake, adzakhala akudwala, osagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala mbande pamalo otseguka imabwera pamalo otentha kunja kwa dzuwa kunja kwa 21-23 ° C, ndipo usiku kutentha sayenera kugwa pansi pansi ° ° ° ° ° C.
Mukamapsa kuchokera pamiphika kuti mutsegule pansi, mbande ziri m'mavuto aakulu. Choncho, ziyenera kukhala zosavuta momwe zingathere. Njira yosavuta yobzala mbande pamalo osatha mu miphika ya peat. Amangobisidwa pansi popanda kusokoneza chomeracho. 
Zipupa zapulasitiki zimadulidwa bwino pansi ndi makoma ndikuchotsa nthaka kwa iwo. Kuyiika mu bwino kukonzekera pasadakhale, kugona mmera kwa cotyledon masamba.
Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
Lamulo lalikulu lomwe liyenera kutsatiridwa pakukula mbewu za nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndizofunikira kutentha nthaka kuti ifike ku +15 ° C komanso kuti palibe chisanu. Kufesa mbewu mu nthaka yozizira sizimveka, chifukwa izo zidzamera kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati sizidzafa nkomwe.
Koma sizing'onozing'ono kuchedwa kufesa, popeza chiwerengero cha chitukuko chazomera chingagwirizane ndi kutentha kwa July, chifukwa chokolola sichidzakhutiritsa. Choncho, m'madera osiyanasiyana nyengo yabwino yofesa nkhaka imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. 
Zochitika kunja
Makamaka nkhaka zambiri zimakhala m'malo ozizira, zotetezedwa ku mphepo ndi ma drafts. Ndipo malo omwe nkhaka yakula kale, komanso zomera za dzungu ndi beets, zimakhala zovulaza kwa iwo.
Kuchokera pamene mabedi atabzala nkhaka pa iwo amadzazidwa ndi polyethylene kuti apange kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi tsitsi limatuluka kuchokera kutenthedwa dzuwa liri ndi filimu yomweyi, zimaganiziridwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri kukula msikiti m'chilimwe chonse mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kawirikawiri izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mungu. Komabe, mitundu ya nkhaka mungu ndi njuchi, zomwe "Semcross" ndizo, ziyenera kukhala poyera pa maluwa.
Malo omwe amakoka nkhaka, ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi manyowa a nkhuku kapena zitosi za nkhuku, kenako nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa. Pa mita iliyonse lalikulu ya mabedi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito 5 makilogalamu a feteleza organic. 
Ndi bwino kufalitsa phulusa la nkhuni pamwamba pa nthaka. Kuwonjezera apo, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala a mkuwa sulphate. Posakhalitsa musanadzalemo mbewu, mabowo ndi grooves a 2 cm akuya amakonzedwa pa kama, omwe ayenera kukhala pafupi theka la mamita.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Kuti mupange chowongolera molunjika pamunda wa 2 cm yakuya, mungagwiritse ntchito matabwa a matabwa chifukwa cha ichi, chomwe chiyenera kuikidwa pansi ndi mopepuka kwambiri. Ndipo zitsime zimakhala zosavuta kuchita ndi wowaza.
Werengani zambiri za nthawi yomwe zingakhale bwino kubzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka.
Mu ming'oma kapena mbeu zopangidwa bwino, njerezi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zimatha kumapeto, ndikugwedeza pang'ono m'nthaka. Kenaka mbewuzo zimawazidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tochepa dothi ndipo timatsitsa pang'ono.
Video: njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Kuthirira
Malingana ngati mbeu yobzalidwa ili pansi pa chivundikiro cha filimu mu mvula yamkuntho, sayenera kuthiriridwa. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti panthawi imeneyi sikofunika kuti zisawononge dothi. Ngati pazifukwa zina nthaka imatha, nthawi yomweyo imayambitsa imfa yomwe imakhala yochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira nkhaka zikukula pansi pazomwe ziyenera kukhala madzi, kutentha kumene kuli kochepa kuposa +18. ° С. Madzi ozizira amawononga kwambiri mphamvu ya mizu kuti idye zakudya.Nkhaka zimakonda nthaka yonyowa, koma simukukonda madzi. Choncho, mu nyengo yamvula iwo samamwe madzi. Ndipo m'nyengo ya kukula, nyengo ikakhala youma, masamba amamwe madzi masiku awiri kapena atatu. Madzi othandiza kwambiri m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Nkhaka mizu ili pafupi ndi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kotero n'zosatheka kumasula dziko kuzungulira chomera ichi. Namsongole omwe adakula palimodzi adzalandidwa namsongole. Pofuna kupewa izi, nthaka yozungulira nkhaka iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi utuchi, udzu kapena udzu.
Kuonjezera apo, zinyalala izi zimateteza zipatso zakucha kuti zisayanjane ndi nthaka yonyowa. Kuti mizu yomwe ili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi isakhale yopanda kanthu, ndizofunika kwambiri kupanga mapiri, omwe, kupatula kutetezera mizu ku dzuwa, zimalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa njira zatsopano.
Hilling ikuchitika pamene nkhaka ya nkhaka ikukwera kufika kutalika kwa kotalika mita imodzi, kenaka opaleshoni imabwerezedwa ngati nkofunikira. 
Masking
M'zaka zoyambirira za chilimwe, nkhaka zikhoza kukhala zopatulika, ndiko kuti, kuchotsa masamba ndi mazira, omwe amapangidwa mu tsamba axils. Opaleshoniyi imathandizira kukonzanso kuwala kwa chitsamba ndipo kupyolera mwakugawidwa kwa zakudya m'tchire kumawonjezera kukolola kwake, kupanga maluwa ambiri aakazi kumbali.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge nthawi komanso momwe mungamamatire nkhaka.
Dulani chomeracho pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi.Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito koteroko kumathandiza pakati pa nyengo ndi mitundu yochedwa. Mitundu yoyamba yakucha, yomwe "Semcross" imayambanso, ndiye kuyendetsa ndi yosapindulitsa kwa iwo.
Belt girter
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi matenda a fungal ndi kuchepetsa chisamaliro cha zomera zowatseguka pansi, nkhaka zimakhala zoposa 30 cm m'litali ziyenera kumangirizidwa.
Video: kagawo kakang'ono Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi zowongoka kapena zozengereza, zomwe ndizitali ziwiri zamtali, pakati pa mizere yambiri ya waya kapena mizere yomwe imatambasula pamtunda wa kotalika mita imodzi. Pothandizidwa ndi nsalu zochepa za nsalu zofewa za thonje, zimayambira bwino ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi waya kapena mizere.
Ndikofunikira! Mulimonsemo simungathe kupukuta mapesi pa garter.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pali njira ziwiri zoperekera nkhaka zomera - mizu ndi foliar. Njira yoyamba imalangizidwa mu nyengo yotentha, pamene mizu imagwira bwino ntchito zake.
M'nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula, mizu siimatulutsa zakudya m'nthaka, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa kudutsa masamba. Amene, mwa njira, samatsitsa mizu yodyetsa konse, yomwe imayenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono. 
Panthawiyi, zomera za nkhaka ziyenera kubzalidwa kangapo:
- Patatha masiku 15 kuchokera kuoneka mphukira zoyamba. Nthaka ya feteleza imapangidwa ndi manyowa atsopano a manyowa, oyeretsedwa ndi madzi pa chiŵerengero cha 1:15. Manyowawa amalowetsedwa ndi urea, superphosphate ndi potassium sulphate monga mawonekedwe osakaniza a zinthu zonse.
- Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, udzu wobiriwira umaphatikizapo madzi, kapena potassium nitrate (20 g), ammonium nitrate (30 g) ndi superphosphate (40 g).
- Pakati pa kukula kwa mbeu, fetereza imapangidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu wobiriwira kapena urea, 50 g omwe amatsitsidwa mu chidebe cha madzi.
Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse nkhaka mutabzala pansi, komanso panthawi ya maluwa ndi fruiting.
- Patapita masabata angapo, kutsekemera kwapadera kwa masiku awiri, kusakanizidwa kwa udzu kapena phulusa la nkhuni lotumizidwa mu chidebe cha madzi.
Video: ndi nthawi yanji kudyetsa nkhaka Ndi yogwira ntchito fruiting, nkhuni fetereza feteleza ndi yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe iyenera kuchitika mlungu uliwonse.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Semcross zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana nkhaka ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi wamba nkhaka matenda. Komabe, zana limodzi mwa magawo zana aliwonse amatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi matenda awo kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo pa iwo, ndithudi, kulibe.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a nkhaka.
Nthawi zambiri nkhaka zimakhudzidwa:
- Powdery mildew, omwe ndi bowa woopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba ndi kugwa kwawo. Nthendayi imayambitsidwa ndi ulimi wothirira, kumwa kwambiri nayitrogeni feteleza komanso kutentha kwambiri, motero, ngati mawonekedwe a prophylaxis, ndi bwino kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wothirira ndi fetereza. Monga chithandizo, tchire toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kukonkha phulusa, ndipo matenda onse ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonongedwa.
- Grey kuvundaomwe amavumbulutsidwa pamatenda amtundu pa masamba ndi kukhudza mtundu womwewo pa chipatso. Mitengo yodwala iyenera kuwaza nkhuni phulusa ndi kusiya kuthirira.
- Mizu yovunda, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zimayambira komanso imfa ya mizu. Monga chithandizo, malo okhudzidwa ayenera kukonzedwa ndi phulusa, ndipo kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa popanda kuthira tsinde. Pofuna kuteteza, m'pofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanagwire masamba.
- Kangaude mitezomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba ndi kuyanika.
- Msuzi Wokondedwa, kupundula gawo la pamwamba la chomera, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika. Thandizo lothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Nthawi zambiri kusonkhanitsa masamba kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, kumalongeza kumafuna zipatso zomwe zafika pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Zelentsy ndi oyenera kwambiri salting - mpaka 18 masentimita, koma letesi nkhaka iyenera kukula msinkhu wa 12 cm.
Phunzirani kusunga nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Pakati pa fruiting yogwira ntchito, chipatsocho chiyenera kukololedwa pamasiku osachepera masiku awiri. Koma ndi bwino kuwachotsa ku tchire kawiri pa tsiku. Kawirikawiri zipatso zimakololedwa, masamba obiriwira amawoneka kuti amatha kukolola, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakolola, nkhaka zimakula kwambiri mpaka kukula kwa salting kapena saladi.
Mukakolola kuti mulekanitse masamba kuchokera ku zitsamba zofunikira kuchotsa tsinde ku chitsamba. Choncho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni pazinthu izi, kupewa kukwapula, kupotoza ndi kutembenuza mabala. 
Nthawi yabwino yosankha zipatso ndi m'mawa kapena madzulo. Dulani nkhaka ayenera kuikidwa mofulumira pamalo othunzi ndi ozizira. Chifukwa chakuti masamba obiriwira kwa nthawi yaitali sali opulumutsidwa, amathiridwa mchere kapena amasungidwa atatha kukolola. Komabe, masabata angapo kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa zitsamba zosungiramo zomera.
Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe limapangitsa kuti malo obiriwira azikhala abwino masiku asanu. Zipatso zidzakhala zowonjezereka ngati mapesi atsala pa iwo ndi kuziyika pansi pa mphika kapena zitha ndi phesizi zimayambira, kusinthira madzi bwinobwino.
Zoipa ndi kusungidwa kwa nkhaka ngakhale kunja kwa firiji, ngati zitsukidwa bwino, ndiye zophimba ndi dzira la dzira loyera ndi louma.
Palinso njira ina yotchuka yoteteza Zelentsa kumalo atsopano. Amayikidwa mu chidebe chopanda madzi ndipo ali ndi katundu wotsatiridwa nawo amatsitsidwa pansi pamtsinje waukulu. Pokhapokha ngati mtsinjewo suundana mpaka m'nyengo yozizira, masambawo amasangalalira ndi atsopano m'nyengo yozizira. 
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Kawirikawiri zimachitika kuti zomera sizimadwala matenda kapena kuphulika kwa tizirombo, komabe, pazifukwa zina iwo ali ndi chikasu ndi kugwa ovary.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene:
- malo osasankhidwa okwera malo, omwe amadzaza ndi mvula ndipo ali mumthunzi;
- kutentha kwakukulu kwa usana ndi usiku;
- kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kochepa;
- kuthirira madzi ozizira;
- kuthirira pang'ono;
- kuchuluka kwa mphukira kumbali;
- kusowa kwa mchere mu nthaka.
Ndi kuthetsa zifukwa izi, zomera zimabwereranso mwachibadwa ndikusangalala ndi zokolola zabwino. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nkhaka za nkhaka popanda chifukwa choyambira zimayamba kutembenuza masamba achikasu ndi othandizira. 
Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene:
- Kusintha kwabwino kwa ulimi wothirira, pamene mwina sichizoloŵera, kapena kawirikawiri, koma chochepa, chifukwa chomera chimakhala chosakwanika;
- Kufooka kwa zakudya, makamaka pamene pali kusowa kwa feteleza a nayitrogeni;
- hypothermia, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa mu masamba ndi kumayambitsa chikasu;
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa kumapezeka pambuyo pa kuthirira kwa tsiku, pamene madontho a madzi amagwera pamasamba kukumbukira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuwotcha masamba;
- kutentha kwa mlengalenga, komwe kumachititsa kuti mbewuyo iwononge masamba kukhala chubu, kuti kuchepetsa dera la madzi.
Ndi kuthetsa nthawi yothetsera mavutowa, ntchito yofunikira ya nkhaka zomera zimayenera kukhala zachilendo. Masamba okondedwa ndi onse si ovuta kukula. 
Komabe, pokhala chomera choda kutentha, samayamikira chabe kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndi mpweya, komanso kutentha kwa manja a anthu, kuchitapo kanthu ndikumveketsa ndi chokoma chokoma, chokoma komanso chodabwitsa pa mano a mano.
