Maantibayotiki a ng'ombe

Masiku ano zamoyo zamatenda, mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi amodzi mwa magulu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Kwa zaka zopitirira khumi, mankhwalawa athandiza obereketsa kuti athetse matenda ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino, komanso kupindula kwa famu yopatsa ng'ombe, kuphatikizapo kubereketsa ng'ombe. M'nkhani ino tiona mozama pa mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala popereka ziweto.

Mtengo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Masiku ano, mankhwala opha tizilombo amatha kukhala chimodzi mwa maudindo akuluakulu opanga mafakitale. Ndi chithandizo chawo, obereketsa padziko lonse akulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito monga kudyetsa kwina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yowonjezereka ya zinyama iwonjezedwe, chifukwa chaichi sikuti phindu lolemera limakhala lopangidwa ndi ng'ombe, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mapeto a zinyama. Masiku ano, nyama zobereketsa popanda mankhwala ochizira mavitamini n'zosatheka. Kuweta ng'ombe zakutchire kumapangitsa kuti nyama zisunge pafupi komanso nthawi zambiri. Malo ochepa, komanso ufulu woyenda, amachititsa kuti ng'ombe zichepetse chitetezo cha thupi, choncho, popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nyama zoterozo zimadwala komanso zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana.

Mukudziwa? Mankhwala oyambirira omwe anatulutsidwa ku mafakitale ndi salvarsan. Zinachitika mu 1910 chifukwa cha bactrijistist wa ku Germany Paul Ehrlich.

Kuwonjezera apo, kusunga zinyama mu zinthu zochepa kumathandiza kuti pakhale dothi labwino kwambiri kuti likhale ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, kufotokozera kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mu thupi la mankhwala okhwima kwambiri ndi njira yokha yomwe ingalepheretse kufala kwa matenda oopsa pakati pa anthu. Kufunika kwa zowonongeka kotere kumapezeka chifukwa cha zosowa zachilengedwe za famu kukonzanso nyama. Izi zimayambitsa kupanikizika kwambiri kwa ng'ombe, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimayambitsa imfa ya ziweto. Pofuna kupewa izi, ma antibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha nthawi yomweyo kusiya njira zoterozo pazigawo zoyamba. Mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa mankhwala oteteza maantibayotiki ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa minda. Mankhwala oterewa amathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo wathunthu wa chakudya, komanso pafupifupi kupeŵa zoperewera zamalonda. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuswana kwa ziweto, komanso kupindulitsa kwa phindu lonse. Chotsatira chake, n'zotheka kuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsa kwa ogula, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa maziko omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi.

Koma maantibayotiki ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Kwa njira imeneyi muyenera kuyandikira mozama, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhudza thupi la nyama. Musaiwale kuti zipangizozi nthawi zambiri sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe zazikazi. Ma antibiotic ambiri angayambitse zovuta zosiyanasiyana za fetus komanso imfa. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndi mankhwala ochokera kuzipangizo zachilengedwe (penicillin, macrolides, cephalosporins, etc.).

Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amathandizidwa okha ndi cholinga cha veterinarian wodziŵa bwino ntchito, mwinamwake kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungawononge thupi la nyama.

Maantibayotiki a ng'ombe

Pakati pa mliri waukulu wa mitundu yonse ya mankhwala, mankhwala opha tizilombo amakhala otsogolera. Sayansi yamakono imadziwa makampani oposa 2,000 a gululi, pakati pawo pali zonse zachilengedwe ndi zoyambira, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kulekerera kwakukulu kwa zamoyo zamoyo. Koma pakati pawo pali gulu lochepetsetsa la mankhwala okwera mtengo komanso otsika mtengo omwe sanataya ntchito yawo kwa zoposa chaka.

Tetracycline

Mankhwala amphamvu oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi zotsatira zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka. Alandireni ndi kuchotsa ku chikhalidwe cha madzi a bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. Tetracycline nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yonse ya matenda opatsirana omwe sagwirizana ndi penicillins ndi zinthu zina zopanda mphamvu. Tetracycline imatulutsidwa mu mawonekedwe a piritsi, kuchuluka kwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito chachikulu mu tebulo limodzi ndi 0.1 g. Mankhwala oteteza maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza salmonellosis, colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, chibayo, ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka ndi tetracyclines. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pamlomo, pa mlingo wa 20 mg / toyimidwe, maola khumi ndi awiri. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ndi masiku 5-7.

Werengani zambiri za zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a colibacillosis ndi bronchopneumonia wa ng'ombe.

Penicillin

Mankhwala opha majeremusi a zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Wothandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mabakiteriya a Bacillus, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, ndi zina. Kukonzekera kumapezedwa pochotsa mankhwala omwe amachokera ku chikhalidwe cha nkhungu za nkhungu za mtundu wa Penicillium. Penicillin amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyera a puloteni woyera wa potaziyamu ndi benzylpenicillin salt sodium (1000000 IU). Wothandizirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa jekeseni ya intramuscular kapena intravenous - kuti muchite izi, ufawu umasungunuka m'madzi osakanizidwa kapena 0,5% ya novocaine. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa 4-6 pa tsiku, mlingo umodzi wa benzylpenicillin kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi 3000 mpaka 5000 U / makilogalamu a kulemera kwake, kwa zinyama zazing'ono - pafupifupi 5,000 U / kg wolemera thupi. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ndi masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri, koma ndi matenda opitirira muyeso, amatalika masiku 7-10.

Mukudziwa? Penicillin anapeza mwadzidzidzi mu 1928, panthawi imodzi mwa mayesero a katswiri wina wotchuka wa mabakiteriya ku Britain dzina lake Alexander Fleming.

Streptomycin

Bacteriostatic mankhwala achilengedwe. Zachigawo zake zimachokera ku chikhalidwe cha madzi a bacterium Streptomyces globisporus.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa mastitis, chibayo, meningitis, leptospirosis, tularemia, matenda a diplococcal, endometritis, endocarditis, sepsis, campylobacteriosis, actinomycosis ndi matenda enaamamvera streptomycin sulphate. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe oyera a ufa wosalala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, intraperitoneal, intraperitoneal, intracavitary, intrauterine, komanso kunja.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa maulendo awiri pa tsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kuti tichite izi, streptomycin imatheratu mu madzi osakanizidwa kapena 0,5% ya novocaine. Mankhwala amodzi akuluakulu ndi 5 mg wa streptomycin sulphate / kg kulemera kwake kwa nyama zinyama - pafupifupi 10 mg / kg kulemera kwa thupi. Nthawi yonse ya mankhwalawa ikuchokera masiku 4 mpaka 7.

Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza chithandizo cha mastitis (purulent), leptospirosis, endometritis, bovine actinomycosis.

Ceftiocline

Mankhwala a cephalosporin okhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi madzi omwe amaimitsa chikasu chachikasu kapena chofiira. Ceftioclin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a endometritis ndi ziweto ng'ombe, komanso matenda ena opuma.chifukwa chogonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya a genera Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides. Lowetsani chida chamagetsi pansi kapena mosagwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi patsiku. Mlingo umodzi wa ziweto ndi 1 ml ya mankhwala / 50 kg ya kulemera kwake kwa nyama. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pa matenda a mphutsi ya masamba kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka asanu, koma ngati kuli kotheka, mankhwala amatha kupitirira mpaka zizindikiro zovuta za matendawa zikutha.

Werengani za matenda a ng'ombe: hypodermatosis, chlamydia, brucellosis, teliasiosis, babesiosis, dictyocaulosis, acidosis, leptospirosis, rabies, EMCAR, clostridiosis, nthomba, bursitis, chifuwa.

Amoksisan

Ma antibiotic omwe amagwiritsa ntchito penicillin. Amapezeka ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa nkhungu za nkhungu za mtundu wa Penicillium ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwawo mu laboratori. Amoxisan ndi kusungunuka kwachitsulo cha chikasu (nthawi zina ndi choyera choyera). Amoxisan amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi zilonda zamtunduwu m'matumbo a mphuno, m'mimba, m'mimba, m'matumbo, m'magulu ndi m'matenda ofewa. Lembani mankhwalawa ndi jakisoni kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi chiwerengero cha 0.1 ml / kg kulemera kwa thupi. Ikani mankhwala kamodzi, koma ngati kuli kotheka ndi kukonza zotsatira pambuyo pa maola 48, bwerezani jekeseni.

Mukudziwa? Nthenda yoyamba yapadziko lonse ya ma antibayotiki inatulutsidwa mu 1961 ndi Beecham ya ku Britain. Iyi ndi yotchuka padziko lonse mankhwala ampicillin, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mankhwala mpaka lero.

Gentam

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Semisynthetic, okhudzana ndi mankhwala ophatikiza a penicillin. Amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki achilengedwe omwe amapezeka ndi nkhungu za mtundu wa Penicillium. Gentam ndi kuyimitsidwa bwino kwa jekeseni.

Mankhwalawa amaletsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi gram-positive ndi gram Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a kupuma, magawo a m'mimba, mavitamini, mapuloteni, ndi zikopa za khungu ndi minofu, komanso necrobacteriosis ndi mastitis.

Lowani chida 1 nthawi patsiku subcutaneously kapena intramuscularly, ndi chiwerengero cha 0.1 ml / 10 makilogalamu a kulemera kwake kwa nyama. Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumatenga masiku awiri mpaka asanu, koma, ngati kuli koyenera, ndikutalika.

Onani chithandizo cha katemera wa ng'ombe.

Oflosan

Antimicrobial ndi antimpyoplasma wothandizira kwambiri, omwe ali m'gulu la fluoroquinolones. Oflosan amaletsa kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya a Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Haemophilus ndi Staphylococcus. Oflosan ndi madzi a mdima wonyezimira kapena wamdima wonyezimira (wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira madzi amaloledwa, omwe amatha pambuyo pa kusokonezeka). Gwiritsani ntchito chida chothandizira kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a m'mimba, kupuma, kugwiritsidwa kwa mkodzo, ndi nyamakazi, colibacteriosis, streptococcosis, salmonellosis, peritonitis, septicemia, necrotizing enteritis ndi matenda ena. Ikani mankhwalawa pamlomo, 1 nthawi pa tsiku, ndi kuwerengera kwa 0,5 ml / 10 kg kulemera kwake kwa chinyama. Kwa salmonellosis, matenda ophatikizana ndi aakulu, 1 ml ya mankhwala akutha mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ziweto tsiku lonse. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ndi oflosan kumatenga masiku 3 mpaka 5.

Werengani komanso zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro (chifuwa, kutsegula m'mimba) ndi matenda a mwana wamphongo: Matenda a mitsempha yoyera, mitsempha, chifuwa, mimba ya umbilical.

Efikur

Mankhwala amphamvu omwe ali m'gulu la cephalosporins. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mabakiteriya amphamvu kwambiri pa mabakiteriya a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malinga ndi maantibayotiki achilengedwe omwe amachokera ku chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya Cephalosporium acremonium. Efikur ndi kusakanikirana koyera kapena njira yothetsera tinge pang'ono. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana opuma, komanso kuthana ndi metritis ya postpartum yovuta ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Efikur imayendetsedwa 1 nthawi patsiku, ndi jekeseni ya m'mimba, ndi kuwerengera kwa 1 ml / 50 kg kulemera kwa thupi. Kutalika kwa mankhwala oterowo nthawi zambiri kumakhala masiku 3 mpaka 5.

Ndikofunikira! Zimaletsedweratu kupereka ma ethers pa zinyama zomwe zili ndi hypersensitivity kwa mankhwala opha tizilombo a beta-lactam. Apo ayi, nyamayo ikhoza kukhala ndi anaphylactic.

Ceftiosan

Wothandizira kwambiri wa bacteriostatic, mankhwala a cephalosporin. Ceftiosan imachokera ku chirengedwe, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamtunduwu zimachokera ku chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya Cephalosporium acremonium. Mu maonekedwe, mankhwalawa ali ndi mawonekedwe a kuimitsidwa, ali ndi mthunzi wachikasu wonyezimira. Ceftiosan imakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga mabakiteriya pamagulu ambirimbiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. matenda opuma, komanso necrobacteriosis ndi endometriosiskuphatikizapo oimira magulu a Streptococcus, Actynomyces, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Proteus ndi Fusobacterium. Ceftiosan imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga jekeseni wa jekeseni kwa kayendedwe kake. Lowani chidachi osaposa 1 nthawi patsiku, ndi kuwerengera kwa 1 ml / 50 kg kulemera kwake kwa chinyama. Ndi matenda opuma, nthawi yotereyi imatenga masiku atatu mpaka asanu, ndi necrobacteriosis - osapitirira masiku atatu, ndi endometriosis - pafupi masiku asanu.

Oweta ziweto amathandiza kuphunzira za matenda a ziweto: matenda a udder, ziboda ndi miyendo, ziwalo.

Amoxicillin

Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ochokera ku gulu la penicillin, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zambiri. Amakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi ma laboratory kusintha kwa mabakiteriya omwe amawoneka ndi bowa a mtundu wa Penicillium pa ntchito yawo yofunikira. Ndi amoxicillin mafuta odzola okhala ndi chikasu chachikasu. Chidachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pofuna kuthetsa zoopsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa mabakiteriya ambiri a gram-negative ndi gram-positive, kuphatikizapo matenda a m'mimba, ziwalo, urogenital, ziwalo za kupuma, matenda ofewa, ndi zina zotero.. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kamodzi, kwa jekeseni ya subcutaneous kapena intramuscular, ndi chiwerengero cha 1 ml / 10 kg ya kulemera kwa nyama. Ngati ndi kotheka, wothandizirayo amathandizidwanso, koma osati kale kuposa maola 48.

Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri kapena angapo a maantibayotiki kumaloledwa muzochitika zosawerengeka ndipo kungoyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian.

Ndikhoza liti kumwa mkaka pambuyo pa maantibayotiki?

Pafupifupi mankhwala onse omwe amadziwika amadziwika ndi thupi lomwe limakhalapo nthawi yaitali, kuphatikizapo mankhwala owonongeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amagwira bwino kwambiri ziwalo zonse, ziphuphu ndi zakuthupi, kuphatikizapo mkaka. Izi ndi zachibadwa, chifukwa ndi mbali imeneyi yomwe imapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilumikizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Nthawi yowonjezera ya mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri imadalira mtundu wa mankhwala. Mankhwala ambiri a penicillin amasiya thupi lonse patatha masiku 3-5, pamene mankhwala ovuta kupanga amafunika masiku 14. Komabe, ngati nyama ili ndi thupi lomwe lafooka kwambiri ndi matenda, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya metabolism kumaonekera motsatira izi, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuthetsa mankhwala ochotsa maantibayotiki. Ndicho chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zomwe zimafunikira zamoyo zam'zipatala, pambuyo pa mankhwala opangira maantibayotiki Zakudya zoweta siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masiku 20-25 otsatira, kuyambira jekeseni lomaliza. Maantibayotiki ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, osayendetsedwa ndi kasamalidwe ka ziweto zamakono masiku ano. Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu zowononga antibacterial pa matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo amathandizira kuletsa mliriwo pazigawo zoyamba. Koma njira zoterezi ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zinyama zokhazokha motsogoleredwa ndi azimayi odziwa bwino matendawa, mwinamwake chithandizo chamankhwala chidzapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha zinyama.