Mmene mungamere ndikukula phwetekere "Chikondi Choyambirira"

Kulima tomato pamalo awo enieni ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko la chilimwe. Koma omwe sangakwanitse kusunga mabedi awo tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mfundo yakuti zokolola sizolondola chifukwa cha zowonongeka, chilala, kapena kamba kosavuta ka tchire. Omwe amamaluwawa ayenera kumvetsera mosamalitsa komanso osamalitsa kusamalira zosiyanasiyana za tomato ndi dzina lolonjeza "Chikondi Choyambirira".

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

"Chikondi Choyambirira" ndi tomato zosiyanasiyana za ku Russia. Iye anabadwira ndi abambo a Altai mu 1999, ndipo chifukwa chake amadziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa. Poyambirira, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inkapangidwira kulima m'minda yam'munda, sizinapangitse zokwanira kuti zitheke.

Monga mukudziwira, tomato amagawidwa kukhala indeterminate (kukula m'nthaŵi yonse) ndi determinant (yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwawo kufika patali). "Chikondi choyambirira" nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mitundu yovomerezeka, komabe akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti chomera ichi ndi chochepa, chifukwa tchire, tisanakhalepo, titha kukwaniritsa kukula kwake kokongola. Zosiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi izi:

• kutalika kwa chitsamba kumatha kufika mamita awiri, ngakhale kuti pamakhala nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kukula kwake kawirikawiri kumaima pamtunda wa masentimita 170-190, ndipo popanda kusamalidwa bwino kumafikira mamita 1;
• chitsamba sizowonongeka, mbatata mtundu, ndiko, ali ndi phesi wochepa ndi maburashi angapo;
• masambawo ndi owopsa, masamba okha ali ochepa kapena osakaniza mu kukula, mawonekedwe oyenera ndi kuwala kobiriwira;
• inflorescence ndi yophweka, tsinde lili ndi ziwalo, ovary amapangidwa ngati burashi ndi chiwerengero cha zipatso kuyambira 4 mpaka zisanu.

Onetsetsani mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya tomato oyambirira.

Pakati pa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiyanitsa bwino ndi "ochita mpikisano" ndi izi:

• palibe chosowa chokanikiza;
• kucha;
• Kuteteza kwa tizirombo zambiri ndi matenda opatsirana, makamaka, kuwonongeka kochedwa;
• Cholinga cha padziko lonse cha zipatso: zoyenera kudya zakudya zosaphika, salting zonse ndi kupanga madzi;
• kulawa kwa tomato;
• mphamvu yabwino yosungirako katundu ndi kusamalidwa kwa mbewu;
• kudziletsa, kukana kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chilala.

Osati wopanda zolephera ndi zofunikira zazikulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• zokolola zochepa;
• kufunika koyika ndi kumanga chitsamba;
• mphukira zofooka;
• Zomwe zimafunikanso kudyetsa chakudya pa nyengo yokula.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatchulidwa koyamba: nthawi pakati pa kuyamba kwa mbande zoyamba ndi zokolola zimatenga masiku 90 mpaka 100.

Makhalidwe a zipatso:

• ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ang'onoang'ono osakanikirana komanso osati ochulukitsitsa kwambiri khungu, lomwe, saloledwa kugwedezeka;
• pa siteji ya kusasitsa, kuwala kobiriwira, ndiye amakhala ofiira owala kapena kapezi;
• gawo la mkati limakhala ndi zipinda zinayi kapena zambili zomwe muli mbewu;
• thupi ndi lokoma ndi lowawa, lamadzi wambiri, wandiweyani komanso minofu.

Kukula kwa tomato ndi kochepa, kulemera kwake kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 80-95 g, koma ali ndi kukoma kokoma.

Mukudziwa? Katemera wocheperapo kwambiri kuchokera ku gulu la chitumbuwa amalemera 1 g basi, pamene chiwerengero cholemera cha masambawa chinali pafupifupi 3.8 makilogalamu (kukhala olondola kwambiri - 8.41 lbs). Chimphona ichi chinatchulidwa mu Guinness Book of Records mu 2014.

Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizopambana kwa saladi, koma zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukolola m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe siyimenenso pamatenda oyambirira. Kaŵirikaŵiri amathiridwa mchere m'miphika, zam'chitini kapena omangirizidwa pa madzi, phwetekere, tomato, ketchup, adjika, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, njira yotereyi yogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana siingatchulidwe mwachangu: "Chikondi choyambirira" chiri ndi zokolola zokhazokha - ngakhale zikhale zabwino zokhazikitsidwa kuti zikule, sizingatheke kuchotsa zopitirira 2 kg za zipatso, zomwe zimaperekedwa, 5.5 makilogalamu makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. Ndi zizindikiro zoterezi, tomato amawotchera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuti athe kulawa zipatso zokoma kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapamwamba ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri yokolola.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Njira yabwino yopezera mbande zabwino ndi kukula kwainu nokha. Koma ngati palibe zotheka, ndizotheka kugula ndi kukonzeka, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti cholinga ichi chikhale "chodalirika", ndiko kuti, munthu wodziwika bwino amene amalemekeza mbiri yake ndipo sangagulitse katundu wamtengo wapatali.

Ndikofunikira! Alimi odziwa bwino nthawi zonse amapeza mwayi wopatsa mbande maonekedwe atsopano komanso okongola, pogwiritsa ntchito zidule zosiyanasiyana - kukula mofulumira, kukuza matenda omwe alipo, ndi zina zotero.

Kusankha mbande, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale katswiri sangathe kusiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mtsogolo. Choncho, malamulo oti asankhe mbande ndi ofanana ndi onse a tomato, ndipo amakhalabe kudalira mawu enieni a wogulitsa malingana ndi kusiyana kwawo. Choncho, mukhoza kugula mbande za phwetekere, zomwe:

• pafupi kukula kofanana;
• Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikudutsa 30 cm (zochepa zosatheka);
• tsinde la diameter liri pafupi 0,5 cm;
• tsinde ndi timapepala timakhala amphamvu, osati zowonongeka komanso osadulidwa;
• nthambi sizinatalika kwambiri (chizindikiro choyamba cha kusautsika);
• masamba, kuphatikizapo cotyledon, mdima wandiweyani, mwatsopano komanso wosayanika;
• chiwerengero cha masamba, kuphatikizapo cotyledons, machenga atatu mpaka asanu;
• palibe maluwa (kukhalapo kwa burashi ya maluwa si vuto, ngakhale kuli bwino, koma maluwa sayenera kuvumbulutsidwa);
• Palibenso zizindikiro zowonongeka, kuswa, masamba ovunda, kuvunda, kukuda, kukasupa, kuuma, tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ndikofunika kuyang'ana mkati mwa tsamba) ndi zina zovuta;
• Mizu siidatseguka (ndi bwino kugula mbande mu makapu osiyana).

Video: Momwe mungasankhire mbande zabwino Ngati chimodzi mwa zitsamba zomwe zinagulitsidwa sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni, izi zikusonyeza kuphwanya kwazomwe zimayambira. Sikofunika kusankha zitsamba zathanzi, sankhani wogulitsa wina.

Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nitrates kukondweretsa mbande kumasonyezedwa ndi mtundu wosaoneka wa masamba (kwenikweni emerald), chizindikiro chowonekera kwambiri - masamba akuphwanyidwa pansi.

Mavuto akukula

Matimati "Chikondi Choyambirira" ukhoza kukulirakulira ponseponse komanso m'malo obiriwira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapereka zabwino kwambiri m'madera otentha: kum'mwera madera a Russia, Ukraine, ndi zina zotero, koma pansi pa filimuyo zimakhala zabwino pakatikati. Pa nyengo yovuta kwambiri, "Chikondi Choyambirira" chiyenera kubzalidwa kokha pamalo otsekedwa komanso osungidwa. Kuti kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato iyenera kusankha malo amdima kwambiri, chifukwa mumthunzi chipatso cha chikhalidwechi ndi pang'onopang'ono kutenga mtundu, ndipo chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyana siyana sichivomerezeka, chifukwa chimachotsa ntchito yake yaikulu - yokolola posachedwa. Komanso, Nthawi zambiri tomato wamthunzi amakhala wowawasa.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo mwachangu, kulekerera tomato molimba kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti akukhulupirira kuti "Chikondi Choyambirira" sichikulimbana ndi vuto lotero, simuyenera kunyoza nokha - ichi ndi chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri ndi mitundu ina.

Mavuto otentha a "chikondi choyambirira" cha thermophilic ndi awa:

Kutentha kwa mpweya kumapiri kwa kukula kwa mitundu ndi 45-60%. Ngati chiwonetserochi chapitirira, nthendayi ya matenda a fungalesi amakula kwambiri, mpweya wouma umayambitsa kuyanika kwa masamba a chitsamba, poyamba masamba ndi maburashi.

Tomato amakonda nthaka yamchenga kapena loamy. Mphamvu ya pH mlingo ili pakati pa 5 ndi 6, yomwe imakhala yolandirika ndi 6.5.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala

Mungathe kukula "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" m'njira ziwiri - kudzera mu mbande ndi kufesa mwachindunji pansi. Njira yoyamba ya tomato oyambirira ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa imakulolani kuti mupeze zokolola pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka kale.

Ndikofunikira! Mbewu yamtengo wapatali wa hybrids kuchokera ku Holland, Germany ndi maiko ena a ku Ulaya amabzalidwa pansi popanda kukonzekera konse, ngakhale sayenera kuthiridwa. Njira zonse zofunika ndi kubzala zakonzedwa kale ndi wopanga. Lamuloli silikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yoweta: kuti apeze zitsamba zathanzi ndi zowonongeka, mbewu ziyenera kusankhidwa, kusamalidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuzizira ndi kuzizira.

Mbewu zasankhidwa motere:

1. Mchere wambiri umatsanulira mu kapu ya madzi kutentha ndi kusakaniza mpaka utasungunuka.
2. Kenaka zomwe zili mu thumba la mbeu zimathiridwa m'madzi ndikugwedezeka bwino.
3. Mbewu zomwe sizinagwe pansi pansi kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndikupitiriza kuyandama pamwamba zimachotsedweratu ndipo zimatayidwa, chifukwa kamwana kamene kamwalira kale.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, mbeu za tomato zimakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito:

• "agogo a njira" - potassium permanganate solution, madzi aloe, etc;
• Mankhwala amasiku ano, monga Fitosporin, omwe sangowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso amachititsa kuti chitukuko chidzakula, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri "Chikondi Choyambirira". Madontho 4 a kukonzekera amadzipukutira mu galasi la madzi ofunda pang'ono, mbewu zimayikidwa m'madzi awa kwa maola 24 ndipo kenako zimabzala.

Ndikofunika kudzala "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" pa mbande kuzungulira kumapeto kwa March kotero kuti panthawi ya kuika pamalo otsekemera tchire musatuluke.

Ndikofunikira! Pofika nthawi ya kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zabwino zowzalidwa poyera, mbande ziyenera kupanga masamba osapitirira 6-7 komanso makamaka burashi loyamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, ntchitoyi imatenga masiku 60-65.

Kufika kwa njira ndi motere:

1. Chophika chokonzekera (njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kaseti ya mbande) yodzaza ndi nthaka yokonzedwanso pafupi ndi 2/3, ndiye mbewu zowonongeka zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono panthaka pamwamba pake, ndipo mbeu yopanda 10 mm yosakanizidwa ndi peat imathiridwa pa nthaka.

2. Asanayambe kumera, chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi filimuyo, itatha kutuluka pang'onopang'ono, malo obisala amachotsedwa, ndipo mbande zimasunthira kumalo ozizira kwa sabata.
3. Pambuyo popanga mapepala oyambirira a masamba enieni, mbande imasunthira mu makapu osiyana ndikukula ku malo ofunidwa.
4. Tomato iyenera kubzalidwa m'makonzedwe, kukumbidwa, kuchotsedwa namsongole ndi bedi la umuna ku kuya kwa masentimita 25. Ndondomeko yoyenera kubzala ndi tchire zitatu pamtunda umodzi.

Chitsamba chidzakhazikika bwino ngati mutasankha nyengo yamvula yobzala yomwe idzakhale masiku angapo otsatira. (m'masiku akale iwo anati: Iwe udzabzala mumatope - iwe udzakhala kalonga).

Werengani za malamulo odzala tomato otseguka pansi.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Kutangotha ​​kumene, "Chikondi Choyambirira" kumafuna chinyezi chambiri:

1. Ngati nyengo yowuma, mbande zazing'ono ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, ndipo pamene tchire likulimbikitsidwa, chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chingachepetse (monga tazitchulira kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwa kuti ikhale yolekerera nthawi yochepa ya ulimi wothirira).
2. Kuti muteteze chinyezi mu mizu, mungagwiritse ntchito njira ya hilling, "Chikondi Choyambirira" ikuchitapo kanthu mwa kuyamikira kwakukulu.
3. Panthawi yoyamba ya zipatso, nkofunika kuthirira "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" tsiku ndi tsiku, kusunga boma mpaka mapeto a fruiting.
4. Ndondomeko yothirira madzi ikukuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalamazo moyenera monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito madzi komanso ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa kusowa kochita ulimi wothirira, teknolojiyi imapangitsanso njira yochepetsera yosafunika, yomwe imayenera kukhala yothirira nthawi zonse kuti asamangidwe ndi kudula nthaka. Ubwino winanso wa kuthirira ulimi ndi kuthirira nthawi iliyonse yabwino, kuphatikizapo dzuwa lowala kwambiri, pomwe ulimi wothirira pansi pa dzuwa udzawononga nthawi yomweyo phwetekere.

Ndikofunikira! Zikuoneka kuti kayendedwe ka madzi okwanira amathandiza kuchepetsa madzi osachepera 30%, kupitirira 50 peresenti. Pa nthawi yomweyi, madzi osachepera 90% amagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika pansi pazu wa chomera cholimidwa, popanda kudyetsa nthaka yoyandikana ndi "osalimbikitsa" namsongole kuti akule mwamphamvu.

Ngati tomato wakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi zonse muyenera kutsegula chipinda, chifukwa mvula yambiri imayambitsa mbande ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuthamangitsa zobiriwira Kupalira nyemba ndi kofunika kuti kulima phwetekereKomabe, matekinoloje amakono amathandizanso anthu aulesi (kapena otanganidwa kwambiri) m'nyengo ya chilimwe.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi ulimi wa kukula kwa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Ngati, musanabzala, timaphimba bedi ndi agrofibre wakuda ndi timatabwa timene timakonzedwa kale, namsongole sangawonjezere kudutsa mumdima, ndipo bedi lidzakhala loyera. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthirira mowa kungapangidwe mwachindunji pamwamba pa fiber: imakhala yosungunuka bwino kwambiri, ndipo matepi odiririra sadzakhudzidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi nthaka. Njira inanso yopewa kupalira nyemba ndikulumikizana ndi nthaka yozungulira chitsamba. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito udzu, peat kapena singano, ndikofunikira kuti mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingathe kuwononga msanga msangamsanga, sizikusungidwa muzinthu zoterezi.

Mukudziwa? Chowopsya kwa mlimi aliyense yemwe amapereka ntchito yambiri ndi chikondi pakulima tomato wokoma ndi wathanzi, ndi La Tomatina wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pulogalamuyi imakonzedwa chaka chilichonse mu Valencia ya Chisipanishi ndipo imaphatikizapo kuti anthu okhalamo, ogwirizana ndi alendo omwe amabwera kuno kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, amaponyana sabata. Chifukwa cha bacchanalia, pafupifupi matani 145 a masamba awa amadya. Kufotokozera: ndalamayi ndi yokwanira kukwanitsa zowonjezera pachaka mu tomato anthu 15-18,000!

Pa nyengo yokula, "Chikondi Choyambirira" ayenera kudyetsedwa kangapo ndi feteleza mchere ndi phosphorous, koma feteleza feteleza sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa fruiting, zovuta zamchere feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Popanda kukonda "chikondi choyambirira" sichidzapereka zokolola zoyenera, ngati nthambi zochepa ndi kukula kwa chipatsochi zimayamba kugwa pansi. Mungagwiritse ntchito zigoba zosiyana pa chitsamba chilichonse, koma ngati bedi ndi lalikulu, ndibwino kuganizira za kapangidwe kake ka garter kale. Kupanga "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" ayenera kukhala 2-3 mapesi. Ngati thunthu limodzi limasiyidwa kuthengo, nthambi zosalala zidzavulazidwa polemera tomato, chitsamba chidzayamba kuvulaza, ndipo mbeuyo idzapatsika.

Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo

Katswiri wamakono opanga ulimi kuphatikizapo kukana koyambirira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kuyembekezera kuti "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" chidzakhala ndi nthawi yokula popanda kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda opatsirana. Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimabweretsera mavutowa ndi izi:

• mkulu chinyezi;
• kuthirira masamba, makamaka nthawi ya dzuwa;
• Kuphwanya malamulo a kasinthasintha zamasamba (nthawi yayitali kulima tomato kapena zomera zina za banja la soana m'malo omwewo);
• Kupanda mpweya wabwino (ngati tikukamba za kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha);
• nthaka yosakwanira;
• kunyalanyaza zoyenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosauka pobzala mbande;
• Kupeza mbande zomwe zili ndi matenda kapena tizilombo toononga.

Kuganizira zonsezi, makamaka ndiko kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo mu phwetekere "Chikondi Choyambirira". Koma, mwatsoka, sizingatheke kuteteza chomera kwathunthu ku zodabwitsa zosadabwitsa.

M'munsimu muli khalidwe labwino, komanso zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angathetsere vutoli.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kololani zosiyana "Chikondi Choyambirira" ziyenera kukhala pokhapokha mutatha kusasitsa (kufiira) kwa chipatso.Ndipotu, mbola ya tomato, yomwe imayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo zimangotchulidwa chimodzimodzi - kupereka kutentha kwakukulu.

Mukudziwa? Kafukufuku waposachedwapa a asayansi a ku France asonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa phwetekere kumasungidwa kutentha kwa +20 ° C, pamtambo wotsika kwambiri, zimatuluka mofulumira kwambiri.

Choncho, kuthekera kwa kusunga zosiyana siyana "Chikondi Chakumayambiriro" posungidwa pamalo ozizira kwenikweni kumapangitsa kuti tomato akhale wopanda pake komanso osathandiza.

Ndipo chinthu china chofunika kwambiri kumvetsa. Mosiyana, masamba onse oyambirira ali ndi otsika kwambiri mavitamini ndi zakudya zina, zonsezi zimangokhala ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kupanga chipatso. Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi cholinga chosiyana-siyana -kudzaza thupi lathu, kutatha nthawi yozizira, komanso chinthu china chatsopano: mu June, pamene gawo lalikulu la ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso sizinali kucha, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mavitamini kumakondweretsa kale. Ndicho chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chosungira tomato oyambirira, chifukwa patapita kanthawi tomato wobiriwira adzawoneka, othandiza komanso wotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chomwecho, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa mikhalidwe yosankha ya Chikondi Choyambirira ikuyamikiridwa, mitundu yotsatira imakhalanso yoyenerera bwino.

Phunzirani momwe mungasungire bwino tomato.

Tikakambirana mwachidule, tiyenera kunena kuti: "Kukolola kwa tomato" kumatha kusungidwa, koma sikofunikira. Katemerawa amadyetsedwa nthawi yomweyo, kuchokera kumunda, pokhapokha pamutu uwu, mutha kusangalala kwambiri ndi kukoma kwawo. Ngati tikulankhula za mitundu yonseyi, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti, chifukwa cha zokolola zochepa kwambiri, sizothandiza kwambiri kudzaza mabedi onse. Koma tchire kangapo (monga momwe timafunira kudya tomato oyambirira, omwe palibe wina aliyense kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo) ayenera kubzalidwa, makamaka popeza teknoloji yopanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana sizimafuna ntchito zambiri.