Guzmania imakondweretsa alimi a maluwa osati zokongoletsera, komanso ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Chofunika kwambiri pa chomeracho chimaonedwa kukhala chokongola komanso chodabwitsa maluwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kusintha kwa nthawi yake ndi yoyenera ndi imodzi mwa njira zochepa zomwe zimathandiza kukonzekera chomera ichi, komanso kusunga maluwa pa nyengo yotsatira. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zoyenerera za kugulira Guzman, komanso mavuto akuluakulu.
Ndichifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kangapo kuti ndikasendeze?
Monga anthu ena a m'banja la Bromeliad, Guzman ndi chomera chobiriwira cha epiphytic chozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atabereka, pang'onopang'ono imatha ndipo imafa, imasiya ana ambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi yeniyeni ndi yoyenera chomera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zikhale zotetezedwa nthawi yaitali komanso maluwa. Popanda izi, kumapeto kwa moyo wanu duwa limatha mosalekeza.
Mukudziwa? Guzmania anatchulidwa dzina lodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku Spain ndi Anastasio Guzmán, yemwe adathandizira kwambiri kuphunzira za zomera ndi zinyama za ku South America.
Ngakhale kuti pakatha kufalikira kwa maluwa, chomeracho chikhoza kukula mpaka chaka chimodzi, kenako chimayamba kufota ndi kutaya masamba, kupereka mphamvu zake zonse ku chitukuko cha mizu. Choncho, mutatha maluwa, shrub yakale imachotsedwa ndikudula mwana wamkazi pambuyo pake. Apo ayi, ndi decorativeness a chitsamba yafupika kwambiri.
N'zotheka kuika Guzmania mwachangu mpaka kawiri pachaka, ndipo pamakhala miyezi ingapo pakati pa njira iliyonse. Panthawiyi, duwa lidzasinthidwa ndi zatsopano komanso nthaka ya microclimate. Komabe, zomera zambiri zimaikidwa mopitirira 1 nthawi muzaka 3-5. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe imakhala ndi mwana wamng'ono, Guzmania imasandulika chomera chachikulu, yokonzekera maluwa komanso kupanga chitsamba.
Momwe mungasinthire mu mphika wina
Kawirikawiri, kusamutsidwa kwa Guzmania ku mphika watsopano sikumayambitsa mavuto ngakhale kwa wolima wosakonzekera. Komabe, nthawi zina anthu ambiri amalephera kuchita izi molondola, chifukwa chake chitsamba chafa kale mkati mwa masabata angapo mutabzala. Maluwawo ndi ofatsa kwambiri, choncho ndondomekoyo iyenera kukhala yosamala kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Guzmania ndi imodzi mwa zomera zowonongeka bwino - chomera chimodzi chokha chingathe kutsuka chipinda chaching'ono kuchokera ku fumbi ndi dothi.
Nthawi ya chaka
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ikukula m'madera omwe ali pafupi kwambiri, n'zotheka kubwezeretsanso shrub kulowa mu chidebe chatsopano chaka chonse. Komabe, ndi bwino kuyamba njirayi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Panthawiyi, pakubwera kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe masana, omwe amakhudza kwambiri mizu ya rooting ndi chitukuko chomwe chachitika.
Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri panthawiyi, nthambi zowonjezera zimakula pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita m'litali, zomwe ndizopambana kwambiri kukula kwa miyendo yomwe ikuyandikira. M'nyengo yozizira, monga lamulo, Guzmania sichikuikidwa. Kupatulapo ndizochitika zokha pamene ana amakhala aakulu mokwanira pamphika. Komabe, muzochitika zosiyanazi, mbande zazing'ono zimapatsidwa zina zowonjezera komanso zosamalidwa bwino.
Kusankha kwa pot
Zida zilizonse zamasamba ndizoyenera kuziika, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamapulasitiki, magalasi, zitsulo kapena miphika ya ceramic. Zomwe zimayenera kuti zombo zoterezi zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosakanikirana ndi nthaka ndikusakaniza zitsamba, komanso dzenje lonse.
Poto latsopano liyenera kukhala laling'ono, lolemera ndi masentimita 15. Maluwa sasowa zitsulo zazikulu zedi, mizu yake sichitha kukula komanso kuwonjezeka. Maonekedwe a chitsamba chitsamba ndikudodometsanso.
Kusankha dothi ndi kukonzekera
Pofuna kuika Guzmania, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chaichi, nthaka yapadera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa Bromeliads.
Mukhoza kukonzekera nokha, chifukwa ichi muyenera kusakaniza mu magawo ofanana:
- peat;
- nthaka ya sod;
- mchenga wa mtsinje kapena vermiculite;
- wosweka sphagnum moss.
Pofuna kukonza makina ndi mchere, mavitanidwe amenewa amamera ndi makala amodzi ndi makungwa a pine.
Werengani zinsinsi zazikulu za kulima bwino gummania m'nyumba.
Konzani gawo lapansi lingakhale njira yosiyana, pakuti izi zimagwirizanitsa gawo limodzi:
- nthaka ya sod;
- wosweka pine makungwa;
- mchenga wamphepete mwa mtsinje.
Musanadzalemo, zigawo izi ziyenera kuyamitsidwa. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso mphutsi za tizirombo. Apo ayi, chitetezo cha mbeu yaying'ono sichidzatha kuthana ndi mavuto a chilengedwe.
Chitani njirayi m'njira zingapo, koma kawirikawiri kawirikawiri kuti muyambe kuyambitsa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kuyendetsa mu microwave, mphindi 5-10;
- Kuwotcha mu uvuni, pa 125 ... + 145 ° С, kwa mphindi 20-30;
- kuzizira pa -20 ... -25 ° C, kwa masiku 3-4;
- kutsitsa 2% njira ya potassium permanganate.
Kusamba
Kuwongolera kwa mapulaneti a maluwa ndi chofunikira chokula zonse Bromeliads. Chifukwa chakuti mizu ya mamembala sangathe kupanga mzere wandiweyani ndi wandiweyani wa mzuwo, mutakula mu mphika, kulemera kwake kwapamwamba kumatha kupitirira kulemera kwa mphika, komwe kumachepetsa kukhazikika kwake.
Pankhaniyi, ngalandeyi imakhala yowonongeka, yomwe imateteza duwa kuti lisagwe. Komanso, ngalande imathandiza kuthetsa chinyezi chochulukirapo m'nthaka, chomwe chimakhudza zowonongeka osati nthaka yokha, komanso zimayambitsa zilonda zosiyana siyana.
Nyumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga ngalande, kawirikawiri miyala yaying'ono ndi miyala yophwanyika imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Kawirikawiri zimalowetsedwa ndi njerwa zosweka kapena zowonongeka zazitsulo. Ikani madzi pansi pa mphika, kutsogolo kwa dothi, wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 3-4.
Zida za ntchito
Pofuna kuziyika bwino, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zam'munda ndi zida:
- wokongola munda kapena ofesi mpeni;
- bolodi;
- mphika waung'ono kapena poto.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi yopatsa, m'pofunikira kukhala mosamala kwambiri ku mizu ya Guzmania, kuwonongeka kulikonse kumeneku kumadzetsa kulepheretsa kukula kwa maluwa.
Njira yoperekera
Kawirikawiri kudulidwa kwa Guzmania kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa wamaluwa, popeza ambiri satha kupambana bwinobwino anawo. Ndipotu, mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse ofunika, njirayi sizingatheke, komanso imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kulima maluwa, ngakhale olima oyamba. Kujambula kwa Guzmania kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuchotsa chomera chakale kuchokera mu mphika, kusiya nthambi yachinyamata.
Kwa izi:
- Shrub inachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono mu mphika ndikuyikidwa pa chodula.
- Mothandizidwa ndi mpeni ku chitsamba zigawo zonse zakale zimadulidwa.
- Mtengo wodulidwa umaikidwa mu mphika wakale, pambuyo pake mipata yonse imayikidwa bwino ndi gawo latsopano.
Ngakhale liwiro lake, alimi oyamba okha ndiwo amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi choterocho, ndipo pokhapokha m'badwo woyamba wa chitsamba. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti pakali pano kubwezeretsedwa kwa gawo lapansi sikuchitika, chifukwa chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya poizoni ndi zina zotengera ku Guzmania kukula. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa malo abwino kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, gawoli limakhala pang'onopang'ono kukhala wosauka, choncho chidzalo chokwanira kapena chodziwika ndi chofunikira.
Ma Bromeliads omwe amasunthika kawirikawiri mwa njira yowonjezera, pa izi:
- Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu mphika, ndiyeno nkulekanitsidwa ndi icho pa bolodula la ana.
- Zotsatira zake zimakhala zowuma pa 1 ora.
- Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mizu ya mbande, imayambira muzitsulo (Zircon, Kornevin, etc.) kwa maola pafupifupi 6.
- Maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi chingwe cha 2/3 amadzazidwa ndi gawo, ndiyeno kupsinjika pang'ono kumapangidwa mu chotengera.
- Pakati pake amayikidwa mphukira, pambuyo pake chomeracho chimakhala ndi dothi.
- Kenaka, sungani nthaka, ndipo chidebecho chimaphatikizidwa ndi dome la transparent polyethylene.
- Pambuyo pa milungu itatu mu malo otentha, okonzeka bwino, mbande imayamba mizu, kenako dome ikhoza kuchotsedwa, ndipo maluwawo amasinthidwa bwinobwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikoletsedwa kugwirizanitsa dothi panthawi yopatsa, izi zikhoza kuwononga ku mizu ya mbande, yomwe imawopsyeza iwo ndi imfa nthawi zonse.
Kusamalanso kwina
Kulima bwino Guzmania kumafuna kutsatira malamulo awa:
- mphika umathetsedwa pokha pawindo lakummawa kapena kumadzulo;
- m'chilimwe, kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika kukhala mkati mwa 20 ... + 27 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira - osachepera + 16 ° С;
- Guzmania amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, choncho ayenera kupopedwa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndondomekoyi imapangidwa 1-2 pa tsiku; m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yowonongeka imachepetsedwa kufika 1 nthawi pa sabata;
- Amathirira chitsamba mwachindunji, madzi samatsanuliridwa m'nthaka, koma mwachindunji mumdima wa masamba. Mphindi zochepa mutatha kuthirira, chinyezi chochuluka chiyenera kuchotsedwa, mwinamwake chitsamba chidzaperekedwa ku putrefactive zilonda. M'nyengo yozizira ikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku, m'nyengo yozizira - osaposa 2 pa sabata. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi abwino komanso osakanizidwa, kutentha kwa firiji;
- chitsamba sichimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, choncho chiri mu penumbra;
- pofuna kulimbikitsa maluwa, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa, pogwiritsira ntchito mchere wodabwitsa wa bromeliads pa izi. Chitani ndondomeko 1-2 nthawi pa nyengo, ndipo musanayambe maluwa.
Mayankho kwa mafunso osuta
Masiku ano, chitsamba chokongola kwambiri cha Guzman chingapezeke kwambiri, koma silima aliyense amene angakhale ndi mphamvu ya chomera kwa nthawi zingapo ndikusangalala ndi maluwa ake. Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha izi ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana mu chisamaliro, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzimitsa chitsamba, komanso zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Pansipa mukhoza kuona mafunso omwe amapezeka kwambiri panthawi yosamalira mbewu.
Kodi ndikufunika kubwezeretsanso mutagula
Ngakhale kuti bromeliads imakula pang'onopang'ono, wamaluwa ambiri amayamba kuziika pamphika wogula mwamsanga. Kawirikawiri, zidazi sizimasiyana ndi zokongoletsera komanso zokongola, komanso zimakhala zovuta kuti zisawonongeke komanso kusokonezeka maganizo. Koma, nthawi zambiri izi sizingakhale zofunika, kotero zingatheke ngati zikufunikira. Kusiyanitsa ndizochitika zokhazokha pamene galimoto yogula ndi yocheperapo kukula kwa chitsamba.
Kodi ndingathe kuziika panthawi ya maluwa?
Ngakhale kuika chomera chogulitsidwa kukhala mphika wamuyaya ndi chinthu chofala, chimachitika kokha mpaka maluwa. Pakati pa gawoli, mphamvu iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe kapena zozizira imachititsa kuti chilema cha kukula ndi kuchepa kwa mng'oma chikulepheretsedwe. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza maluwa ndi mapangidwe omwe ana amapanga, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kuwonongeka kosatha kwa chitsamba.
Onaninso kufotokoza ndi chithunzi cha mitundu yayikulu ya guzman.
Chifukwa chake chomeracho sichitha mizu
Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa rooting Gusmania:
- chifukwa chodzala ntchito mbande ndi mizu yosachepera 1.5 masentimita kapena ana oposa kwambiri, okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10;
- malo odulidwa amasiyidwa osatulutsidwa, izi zimayambitsa zilonda zopatsirana ndi mmera. Pofuna kupewa izi, zigawo zimatsitsidwa ndi phula lachitsamba kapena phulusa lodulidwa;
- panthawi yopatsa, chomeracho chinawonongeka;
- Kutsekemera kwa nthaka kumatenthedwa pa kutentha kapena kutaya chinyezi;
- Pobereka, mbali za chitsamba zomwe zowonongeka ndi tizirombo kapena matenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
