Kodi karoti amakonda ndi malo otani omwe angakonzekere munda wake popanda zolakwitsa?

Kaloti - munda wamunda, wofuna kukula. Kukolola kwakukulu kungapezeke ngakhale kuchokera pa kama umodzi, ngati mumakonzekera malo oti mubzala.

Malo ofunika kwambiri a nthaka ndiwomwe amapangidwa. M'dera lozungulira, karoti imakula mozama komanso yopanda pake.

Musanafese mbewu, m'pofunika kudziwa mtundu wa nthaka, kuti muchite njira zowonjezera ubwino wake.

Ndichifukwa chiyani ndikufunikira maphunziro?

M'dzinja kukumba tizirombo tizilombo tiri pamwamba ndikufa m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha ndi kuchepetsa nthaka yosavuta kumathandiza kukula mbewu zabwino komanso zokoma.

Mbewu za kaloti zimamera bwino mu nthaka yosayera. Kuti muzuke kukula bwino, muyenera kusamala bwino dera lanu kuchokera ku zinyalala.

Ndiyambe liti?

Malo oti mutenge kaloti amayamba kukonzekera m'dzinjapamene nyengo yamunda yadutsa. M'chaka, ntchito pa siteti yomwe yasankhidwa imayambika masiku khumi ndi awiri (10-14) musanafese mbewu.

Nthaka zapansi

Posankha malo a kaloti, muyenera kuganizira magawo otsatirawa:

• kuchulukitsa;
• chithunzi;
• kubereka.

Mankhwala amapangidwa

Kutentha kwa acidity ya nthaka ya kaloti - ndalei.e. ndi pH mu 6.5-7.0. Amaloledwa kukula masamba a lalanje mu nthaka yochepa. Zosangalatsa za humus zisakhale zosachepera 4%.

Mapangidwe a makina

Kaloti amafesedwa bwino mchenga kapena loamy. Sitiyenera kukhala ndi miyala, zazikulu ndi mizu. Mlingo wokwanira wa dothi la kaloti ndi 0.65 g pa masentimita³. Mu nthaka yochepa, yomwe imakhala ndi mchenga wokwanira, mizu ndi yokoma komanso yowutsa mudyo. Pamene kulima masamba mu nthaka yolemetsa zokolola zimachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kukula sikuyenera kubzala kaloti. Amapanga kuthamanga kwakukulu, zomwe zimalepheretsa mbewu kumera. Mphukira zidzakhala zofooka ndi zosagwirizana. M'nthaka yokhala ndi zokhudzana ndi madzi akudothi, omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu mbewu.

Malangizo ndi ndondomeko yokonzekera nthaka m'munda

Musanafese kaloti, m'pofunika kudziwa mtundu ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, acidity yake.

Kutsimikiza kwa mtundu wa nthaka

Dziwani mtundu wa dothi lingakhale njira yosavuta. Kuti tichite izi, nthaka yochepa imakhala yothira madzi, kuyesera kupanga mpira, kenaka imayendetsa mu soseji ndi bagel. Pambuyo pazomwe ntchitozo zatsimikizira zotsatira zake:

1. Nthaka ya dongo ndi pulasitiki, imadzipangitsa kukhala chitsanzo komanso kusunga mawonekedwe ake.
2. Mpira ndi soseji zimapezeka mosavuta kuchokera ku loam, ndipo ming'alu imapangidwira papepala. Ikhoza kuwonongeka. Ngati loam ndi yosavuta, soseji mawonekedwe sangagwire ntchito.
3. N'zosatheka kupanga mpira kuchokera ku dothi la mchenga, koma mtanda umatuluka mu zingwe zochepa.
4. Nthaka ya mchenga imakwera m'mitengo.
5. Mpukutu wakuda "mafuta", umene umachoka panthaka pamtambo pambuyo pouponyera mu nkhonya, ndi chizindikiro cha nthaka yakuda.

Njira zodziwira acidity

Udzu wa acid umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - pH mita. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira zina zodalirika.

Pepala la Litmus

Kuti mudziwe acidity ya nthaka, malo ogulitsira malonda amagulitsa kitsulo zomwe zimaphatikizapo mtundu wamitundu ndi zovulala zomwe zimagwidwa mu reagents. Kuti mupeze zizindikiro, muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo:

1. Dulani dzenje lakuya masentimita 35. Sungani zitsanzo 4 za nthaka kuchokera pamakoma, pindani mu chidebe cha galasi ndikusakaniza.
2. Sungani nthaka ndi madzi osungunuka mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 5. Yembekezerani mphindi zisanu, ndiye imwani mzere wa litmus mu chisakanizo kwa mphindi zingapo.
3. Yerekezerani mtundu umenewo pamapepala ndi phindu la pH.

Maonekedwe

Mukhoza kuweruza pH mlingo wa nthaka ndi mawonekedwe ake. chiwembu. Zizindikiro zambiri zimatsimikizira kuwonjezeka kwa acidity:

• pamwamba pa dziko lapansi;
• madzi mu grooves ndi zokhala ndi dzimbiri;
• mdima wofiira m'malo mwa chinyezi;
• filimu ya utawaleza pamwamba pa phokoso.

Mitengo yodabwitsa

Webusaiti iliyonse ili ndi udzu wake. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wotani wa zomera zina, gome lidzathandiza:

Gwiritsani vinyo wosasa

Nthaka ya acidity imatsimikiziridwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatira ya dziko:

1. Kopi yoyesera ya dzikoyi imayikidwa pa galasi pamwamba pake ndikutsanuliridwa ndi viniga 9%.
2. Ganizirani zotsatira: kuthamanga mwamsanga kukuwonetsa zamchere zamkati, zolimbitsa thupi - zazandale, ndi kusowa kwachithupi - za asidi.

Momwe mungazindikire mlingo wa chinyezi?

Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa zowola mbewu, kumatsuka mchere wamtengo wapatali m'nthaka, kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala bwino. Pofuna kuteteza kaloti ku zotsatira zotere, mbeu isanayambe kufesa mbeu.

Olima munda amagwiritsa ntchito tensiometer, makina oteteza magetsi kapena mita ya madzi. Mukhoza kuchita popanda chipangizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta: kukumba dzenje 20 cm, mutenge pansi pang'ono kuchokera pansi ndikukanikiza mwamphamvu m'manja mwanu. Malingana ndi zotsatira, pezani ziganizo zoyenera:

• nthaka inagwedezeka - chinyezi sichiposa 60%;
• zolemba zala zidatsalira pansi - pafupifupi 70%;
• chifuwa chimagwera pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha - mkati mwa 70-75%;
• chinyontho chinaoneka pamtunda - zoposa 80%;
• mtandawo ndi wandiweyani mokwanira ndipo umasiya kusindikiza konyowa pa pepala la fyuluta - pafupifupi 85%;
• chinyezi chimachokera ku nthaka yolemetsa - 90% kapena kuposa.

Kodi mungapange bwanji nthaka yobzala bwino?

Kukonzekera nthaka kwa kaloti kumaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. M'dzinja, chiwembucho chimasulidwa namsongole. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, amachimba mpaka akuya 25-30 cm, kuchotsa miyala ndi rhizomes. Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsa ntchito 3% Bordeaux madzi, oxyfine kapena 4% njira ya mkuwa oxychloride.
2. Nthaka yamasika imasulidwa kapena kubwezeretsanso. Kenaka pamwamba pake pamadulidwa.
3. Kukumba chiwembu, kupanga feteleza zofunika.
4. Mu kasupe, bedi lokonzedwa limathiriridwa ndi chisakanizo chokhala ndi 1 tsp. mkuwa sulphate, 1 chikho cha mullein, 10 malita a madzi ofunda.
5. Pambuyo pofesa mbewu, mizere imagona ndipo pang'ono yaying'ono. Kenaka mabedi amakhala ndi pulasitiki kuti asunge chinyezi ndi kutentha. Pogona imachotsedwa pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera.

Nthenda ya kudya yamagazi ingagawidwe mowirikiza kawiri: hafu yopangira kugwa, ndi zina zonse - m'chaka. Manyowa amasankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa nthaka.

Loamy

Mchenga sudziwidwa mu nthaka loamy.. Kuwonjezera kubereka kwake pa 1 mamita² Pangani feteleza monga:

• 5 kg wa humus kapena kompositi;
• 300 magalamu a phulusa;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

Chernozem

M'dzinja kukumba mu nthaka yakuda pa 1 mita² pangani zigawo izi:

• 0,5 zidebe zatsopano ndi zatsopano utuchi;
• 2 tbsp. mphothosphate;
• 10 kg wa mchenga.

Mwatsopano utuchi uyenera kukhala wothira ndi yankho la mchere feteleza.

Clay ndi podzolic

Kugwa, dongo ndi nthaka ya podzolic imadetsedwa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena choko: kwa mamita iliyonse² pangani supuni 2-3. njira iliyonse. Pamwamba pa dongo, feteleza okhala ndi humus adzafunika. M'chaka, kuti muwonjezere kubereka kwa nthaka, ndikukumba 1 mamita² onjezerani zinthu zotere:

• 2 zidebe za peat ndi mchenga wa mtsinje;
• 10 kg wa humus;
• 3-5 makilogalamu ovunda nkhuni utuchi;
• 300 magalamu a phulusa;
• 1 tbsp. mphothosphate;
• 2 tbsp. nitrofoski.

Sandy

Nthaka ya mchenga yokhala ndi mchere wosakaniza:

• 2 zidebe zamtundu wa nthaka ndi peat;
• Chidebe 1 cha humus ndi utuchi;
• 1 tbsp. nitrophosphate ndi superphosphate.

Bukhuli lakonzedwa kwa mamita 1². Pa kufesa mbewu, ndi bwino kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni, lomwe lingalepheretse chitukuko cha bowa, kupereka mbande ndi zinthu zopindulitsa.

Sungani

Ngati mukufuna kudzafesa kaloti pamtunda ndi nthaka ya acidic, muyambe kuigwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso wa 1 chikho pa 1 mita². Zingasinthidwe ndi phulusa, choko, kapena ufa wa dolomite.

Peat

Musanadzale kaloti mu nthaka ya peat kwa mamita 1² onjezerani zigawo zotsatirazi:

• 5 kg wa mchenga wonyezimira;
• 3 makilogalamu a humus;
• chidebe chadothi;
• 1 tsp sodium nitrate;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate ndi potaziyamu chloride.

Zolakwitsa zotheka

Olima wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri pa kulima kaloti akhoza kupanga zolakwa zoterozo:

1. Ngati kunyalanyaza kwa nayitrojeni komwe kumakhala ndi kaloti kaloti kumakula kopanda pake, kowawa.
2. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mchere watsopano umakhudza zowola.
3. Ngati mupanga zinthu zambiri zam'madzi, nsongazo zidzakula, ndipo mizu idzakhala "yodetsedwa" kapena yokhotakhota. Kututa mofulumira kumawonongeka.
4. Kukula kaloti pa nthaka yosavuta, kupeza zipatso zabwino sizigwira ntchito.
5. Ngati panthawi yokonzekera dzikolo sichichotsa miyalayi, mizu idzaphulika.
6. Sizingatheke kuti panthawi imodziyi muzigwiritsa ntchito laimu ndi feteleza, chifukwa Amatsutsana ndi zochita zawo.
7. Kulephera kwa kasinthasintha kwa mbeu kumabweretsa zokolola zochepa chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa nthaka. Anyezi, kabichi, dzungu ndi mbewu zowonongeka zimatengedwa kuti ndi zowonongeka kwa kaloti. Musayambe kukula mizu pambuyo pa parsley kapena nyemba. Kaloti kaloti abwerere ku malo pambuyo pa zaka 4.

Kaloti sikuti amafuna kuti asamalire, koma amadziwika ndi nthaka ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka. Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kudziwa komwe kuli bwino kulima, ndikukonzekera bwino malo osankhidwa. Choyamba, dziwani mtundu wa dothi, malinga ndi zomwe mwambo wa autumn ndi usana umaphunzitsa. Kuti musamavulaze mizu, muyenera kutsatira mlingo woyenera.