Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya katsabola chifukwa chokula mmunda. Oyambirira, chitsamba ndi mitundu ina

Panopa, wamaluwa a ku Russia amakula mitundu yambiri ya katsabola. Amasiyana mosiyana ndi kucha ndi maonekedwe: kukula kwa zobiriwira, kupezeka kwa sera. Mankhwalawa ndi oyambirira, kucha pakati ndi kucha.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mtundu wa katsabola unamera ndi obereketsa. Mitundu imeneyi imathandizira kukula maluwa pa tebulo lanu lomwe limakhala laling'ono komanso lokhazika mtima pansi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi kusankha kwake, iwo anayesa kuonjezera nthawi isanafike mapangidwe a mbewu ndi mphamvu imodzi imodzi yosunga masamba. Kuti apitirize kubereka, mbewuyo iyenera kusamba ndi kupereka ana. Choncho, katsabola opanda maambulera sizingachitike.

Oyambirira

Gulu la katsabolali limaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imalowerera gawo la phesi ndi maluwa pakapita masiku 30-40 mutakula. Bzalani nthaka itangoyamba. Ndiponso Mitundu ya mitunduyi imalimbikitsidwa kufesa m'miyezi ya chilimwe kusonkhanitsa zipatso zabwino, zobiriwira kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Zomera zimasiyana ndi masamba angapo, 5-6 okha.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, amadulidwa pamene kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15 kumapezeka. Fennel imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikukonzekera kunyumba, popeza idabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika imatha kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa August.

Mitundu ya katsabola kameneka ndi chaka, zomwe zimasonkhanitsa mitundu yabwino kwambiri zimatha kufalikira kumadera otsegulira nyengo yozizira isanakwane.

Makamaka otchuka ndi wamaluwa ndi atsopano, koma zatsimikiziridwa. Kenaka, mudzaphunziranso mitundu yambiri ya katsabola, mudziwe bwino za Mkonzi ndi mitundu yambiri yabwino.

Grenadier

Ndizo zosiyanasiyana zimalimbikitsa kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kampani yolima zaulimi "Gavrish". Kukhala wokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimatengera masiku 30-35. Mndandanda umapangidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito masamba ndi zonunkhira. Katsabola chitsamba mpaka 30 masentimita ndiwothamanga kwambiri. Mbalame yobiriwira imakhala ndi mapepala akuluakulu, owometsera komanso ofatsa.

Malingana ndi malo ozungulira nyengo, mbewu zimayambira mu April. Mbewu ndi zochuluka mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kusiyanitsa mitundu, kusagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri. Kuchokera pa 1 square. Mtsani 3.1 kg wa masamba onunkhira, ngakhale mu nyengo zovuta zocheperapo 1.4 kg / sq. m sisonkhanitsidwe. Kusonkhanitsa pa zonunkhira kumapereka mndandanda wa 3-5.7 makilogalamu / sq.m.

Kutali

Zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwira kufesa ndi kutseguka pansi. Kufesa kumayambira mu March-April, malingana ndi chigawo cha ulimi. Mzere wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 21-25 uli wokonzeka kukololedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pa masamba pambuyo pa masiku 38-40 mutakula.

Kukonzekera kotheka kukolola chilimwe. Zokolola za zitsamba zokhala ndi zofooka za sera ndi 2-2.5 makilogalamu / sq.

Umbrella

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zoyambirira za 1.9-2.2 kg / sq.m. Ndi njira zamakono zaulimi zimatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 5 makilogalamu a masamba onunkhira. Pambuyo kokolola koyamba, chitsamba chikupitiriza kupanga mawonekedwe onunkhira, masamba osangalatsa nthawi yonse asanayambe kusonkhanitsa zonunkhira. Pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonzeka masiku 33-40, kwa mbewu - mu masiku 62-85. Chokolola chonse cha katsabola mumsanganizo wa zonunkhira ndi 3-3,4 kg / sq. m

Pewani

Ikani masamba kumapeto kwa masiku 39-41. Masamba onunkhira a mapeyala amapanga chikwangwani cholemera 20-40 g. Mulu wobiriwira ndi 1.2-1.23 makilogalamu / sq. m, pamene mukusonkhanitsa zonunkhira - mpaka 2 kg / sq. M zonunkhira mankhwala ndi mazira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyengo yozizira.

Pakati-nyengo

Mitundu ya katsabola yomwe imapanga gulu lopsa pakati imapsa masiku 10-15 pambuyo pa kucha. Ali ndi masamba ambiri kuposa oyambirira kucha - 6-10 zidutswa. Chifukwa cha kufesa mitundu yoteroyo, nthawi yopereka zitsamba zatsopano pa tebulo ikuwonjezeredwa.. Mitengoyi imakhalanso ndi zomera zapachaka, pamene zimapanga nyengo yobzala.

Kenaka mukhoza kuwerenga ndondomeko ndi zithunzi za dill yamtengo wapatali, monga Superdukat, Bushy, Mammoth, Hercules ndi ena.

Superdukat

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga processing ndi kukolola nyengo yozizira. Malingana ndi nyengo, iwo amafesedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa April kufika kumayambiriro kwa May. Musanagwiritse ntchito masamba obiriwira, zimatengera masiku 40-50 kuchokera pakangoyamba kumene, pa zonunkhira - masiku 70-75.

Mmerawo ndi wamtali masentimita 145. Kulemera kwa chitsamba chimodzi ndifikira 38 g. Kololani papepala ya zonunkhira mpaka 3.6 kg / sq.m.

Masamba ambiri a nthenga amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Amagawanika kwambiri, amawotcha madzi, amapita pang'onopang'ono kupita ku mapangidwe a zimayambira.

Amazon

Pogwiritsa ntchito katsabola ngati masamba amadalira masiku 42-45, kuti apange mbewu, masiku 100-105. Kudzala kutalika kwa masentimita 160 kumapereka zotsatira za zonunkhira zokoma 2-2.8 kg / sq., zonunkhira - 2.8-6.5 makilogalamu / sq.m.

Chitsamba chimadziwika ndi mapangidwe apamtima a zitsamba zamaluwa zokhala ndi zowonongeka kwambiri ndi nthawi yochedwa yopanga maambulera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mowa, kusungirako nyengo yosungirako yozizira (kuyanika, kuzizira, kumalongeza).

Bushy

Zosiyanasiyana zimadutsa masiku makumi anayi kuti zitheke, kuti zitsamba zikhale masiku 79. Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba, a mtundu wobiriwira, wobiriwira, ndi a nthenga, ndi 150-180 masentimita. Ndizopaka zonunkhira zokhala ndi makilogalamu 2.2 kg / sq. m ya masamba, 2.7 makilogalamu a zonunkhira.

Mammoth

Zomera zimapsa kwa masiku 42, zonunkhira - masiku 86 kuchokera pa nthawi yoyamba. Kulemera kwa chikhomo chimodzi ndi 7-8 g, chomera chachikulu mu gawo la kusonkhanitsa zonunkhira ndi 21-24 g ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 150-160. Kuchokera 1 mita mita. M kutulutsa makilogalamu 1.7 makilogalamu a zitsamba, kapena mpaka makilogalamu 3.1 kwa zonunkhira.

Hercules

Zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mitundu yambiri, makamaka masamba leafy shrub. Masamba ogawidwa bwino amapitirira kukula pamene akukolola masamba apansi.zomwe zimakulolani kukolola mkati mwa miyezi iwiri.

Kulemera kwa chingwe pa masamba ndi 20-25 g, chitsamba chokhwima kwa zonunkhira - kufika 50 g. Kololani - 2-2.5 makilogalamu pa mapazi pa mita imodzi. M, mmunda wa mbeu - kufika pa 3.7 kg / sq.m.

Timapereka kuwonerera kanema za Hercule zosiyanasiyana:

Kutseka kochedwa

Gulu lalikulu la mitundu ya katsabola yakuthwa limalola kukhala ndi zomera zambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe. kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene yakucha kwa milungu iwiri, iwo amasungabe mauthenga awo, monga thumba silikupita. M'tchire lirilonse limakula kuposa khumi ndi awiri. Mitunduyo imafesedwa mu May-June ndipo amasangalala mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Mitundu yambiri ya katsabola kameneka imakhala ngati chitsamba. Chotsatira, tidzakuuzani kuti ndidyani mphero zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimapatsa nthawi yobiriwira.

Kutuzovsky

Zosiyanasiyana zimagulitsidwa masamba ogulitsa mu 41-44 patatha masiku kumera. Mpaka 12, masamba ofunda obiriwira, ophatikizidwa kwambiri ndi onunkhira kwambiri, amapangidwa kumtunda. Kalasi imasiyanitsa kukoma kokoma. Chitsamba chimodzi cha chomera chimalemera 20-30 g Chigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza monga zokolola zosiyanasiyana, kuyanika, salting, kuzizira.

Oipa

Zosiyanasiyana sizipanga ambulera kwa nthawi yaitali. Chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba amphamvu, kutalika 130 masentimita, nthenga zimagawidwa kwambiri ndi sera-ngati pachimake. Maluwa okonzeka kukolola amatha kulemera 1.6 makilogalamu / sq. m, chitsamba chimodzi chikulemera mpaka 25-35 g Kutenga masiku 40-45 kuti ikule greenfinch.

Ataman

Zofiira-mochedwa zosiyanasiyana, kutalika 130-150 masentimita, kulemera kwa chiwonetsero chimodzi 15-25 g Pakuti amadyera anasonkhanitsa 50-55 patapita masiku kumera, kwa mbewu - 75-90 masiku. Zomera zamasamba zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino.

Zimasiyanitsa zokolola zapamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi yaitali. Kupita ku phesi mochedwa, maambulera ali ndi nthawi yakubala m'madera akum'mwera.

Hanak

Kwa masamba, zosiyanasiyana zimatha masiku 35-53, okonzeka zonunkhira masiku 56-99. Chomera chomera 80-100cm. Mitengo ya zomera zobiriwira ndi 11-12 g, kwa zonunkhira - 25-26 g Kuchokera 1 mita mita. Mtsani 1.2-1.3 makilogalamu a masamba, 1.5-3.2 makilogalamu a zonunkhira. Iye inali yamtundu wambiri wa masamba ndi maambulera. Amakhala ndi matenda abwino.

Diamondi

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yokonzeka kukolola masamba masiku 42-45, ndi zonunkhira masiku -120-140. Ili ndi masamba ochuluka mpaka 29 cm. Kuchokera mu chomera chimodzi, 30-150 g wa masamba obiriwira okhala ndi bluish pachimake cha masamba otambasuka kwambiri amapezeka. Mitsuko ya mphesa ya masamba 1.7 kg / sq.m, chifukwa cha zonunkhiritsa 2.2-4.1 kg / sq.m.

Kutchuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katsabola ndizodabwitsa. Mlimi aliyense kamodzi anabzala pa malo ake malo Lesnogorodsky, Chikondi, Makhalidwe, masamba a Bulky, Salute, Kibray ndi ena. Tiyenera kuzindikira mitundu yomwe imapereka masamba nthawi yonse ya chilimwe.

Chitsamba

Mbali yodabwitsa ya katsabolawa ndi nyengo yakuchedwa, pakatikati pa Russia alibe nthawi yokhwima. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakulima, mitundu imeneyi imafuna malo odyetserako zakudya komanso madzi okwanira.

Pamene chida chodzala chiri 20-30x15-20 masentimita, njira zowonjezera zimapangidwa mu tsamba axils, kupanga nthambi yachitsamba. Nyengo yonse imakhala yobiriwira komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimatuluka mu July, kotero maambulera samapanga nthawi yaitali.

Kenaka, timapereka chithunzi ndi kufotokoza za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya chitsamba yomwe imakololedwa ngati masamba opanda maambulera, pakati pawo ndi Kibray ndi ena.

Kibray

Chomera choyamba cha mtundu wa cultivar Kibray chinayambitsidwa ndi Institute All Research Russian Plant of Industry. N.I. Vavilova ndi Institute All Russian-Research of Breeding Breeding and Seed-Kukula mu 1991 ndi imodzi mwa okondedwa kwambiri. Kukolola masamba kumayamba tsiku la 28-39, pa zonunkhira-masiku 59-72. Zosiyanasiyana zimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 30-40 masentimita.

Masamba a emerald omwe amakhala ndi bluish amakhala ndi chikasu pang'ono pamphepete mwake. Masamba amasonkhanitsa makilogalamu 1.3-3 pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mamita, zonunkhira - mpaka 2.7-6.3 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita Ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa ndi pulasitiki mu processing:

• yauma;
• kuzimitsa;
• mchere;
• amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha zamasamba.

1. Musanafese, mbewu zimathiridwa masiku atatu, kusintha madzi nthawi zonse.
2. Pambuyo pake, amamera mu gauze kapena papepala pampukutu mpaka mizu yoyamba imasungunuka.
3. Asanafese, amauma mozungulira kwa mphindi 30.
4. Dill ndi wodzichepetsa ku dothi, koma limakula bwino pa humus, kuchiritsidwa bwino. Grooves ndi kuya kwa 2 cm kupyolera mu 15-20 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake amapangidwira pa zitsime zoterezi. Amayikidwa mu mbeu 1 peresenti ya 1.5-2 masentimita kenako amadzazidwa ndi nthaka. Mipata imamangidwa pamalo otseguka, dzuwa.
5. Kulima kwina kumachepetsedwa kuti kuthirira, kupalira. Ndi manyowa amphamvu a chikasu ndi feteleza a nitrogen. Katsabola sikungathe kudyetsedwa phulusa kuti asaletse kukula ndi kuphulika kwa masamba.

Mitundu ina

Gulu la katsabola kamatulanso mitundu yochitira moni, maluwa, zofukiza, chimphona cha Russia. Zomwe alimi akulima ndizofanana. Onani momwe akufotokozera ndikusankha omwe akukugwirani bwino.

Moni

Mchere umasiyanitsa ndi kucha kwa masiku 66. Misa chitsamba mpaka 71 g, kwathunthu zokolola kuchokera 1 lalikulu. mamita 4.8 makilogalamu. Kutalika kwa zomera ndi 120-150 g, mulu wa chitsamba chamaluwa ndi 97 g.

Tsamba lalikulu lomwe liri ndi zigawo zowonjezera nthawi zonse limapatsa maluwa ambiri, pamene imakhala yogulitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Maluwa

Maluwa amakula mpaka masentimita 80. Masamba okhala ndi ubluu amatha kudula masiku 30-40. Kupeza malonda kumatenga miyezi 1.5.

Zozizira

Zimamera fennel okonzeka kudula masamba pambuyo pa masiku 35-40, kukolola mbewu - masiku 110-115. Kuchokera pa 1 square. Mtsani 1.2-2.3 makilogalamu a masamba kapena 2.8-3.2 makilogalamu a zipatso. 3-4 mphukira zimakula kuchokera ku mfundo yopangira nthawi yomweyo. Masamba osakaniza odulira amakhala ndi fungo labwino.

Chimphona cha Russia

Katsabola chimphona chachikulu cha Russia chomwe chinabedwa agrofirma Gavrish. Imakhala ndi mzere wandiweyani womwe uli ndi masamba akuluakulu a feathery. Sonkhanitsani 2.1-2.6 makilogalamu a zobiriwira ndi 1 square. Chomera chimodzi chimapatsa 150 g ya zomera, zomwe zalowa mu gawo lakuphuka - 220 g. Mbeu zofesedwa m'mwezi wa April m'nyengo ya chilimwe zimatha kukhala ndi masamba obiriwira onunkhira patebulo.

Bakuman

Pa ziwembu zapadera pali mbewu ya ambulera banja, isanafike kuoneka kwa mbatata izo zimakhala ngati imodzi mwa mbewu zazikulu. Ndi za parsnip. Chomera chabwino m'chaka choyamba chimapanga rosette, ndipo chachiwiri chimamasula.

Iyo imamasula mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndipo imakopa tizilombo kumadera. Uchi womwe umasonkhanitsidwa ndi njuchi, umalola kuti parsnip ikhale "yachiwiri linden". Mafinya a mbewu za dill zakutchire amachiritsa luso. Izi ndi zoyenera kulimbikitsa ndi diuretic, antitussive ndi mankhwala okhudza m'mimba. Iwo amachiritsidwa ndi mtima, ndi alopecia.

Tikupereka chithunzi cha katsabola.

Kukongoletsera

Ngakhale mu nthawi zakale, katsabola kankagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa nyumba za Agiriki ndi Aroma. Pakalipano, florists atcherapo chidwi pazinthu zawo. Katsabola kamene kakasonkhana pang'onopang'ono kamaluwa kakang'ono kakuwoneka okongola m'makono osiyanasiyana. Popanga bouquets a maluwa atsopano, kudula pa siteji ya madengu a browning. Mu bouquets wa zouma maluwa, katsabola amaperekedwa kuti zipse kwathunthu.

Katsabola ndi chomera chofunika kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala chodziwika kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Otsanzira masiku ano achita khama kuti apititse patsogolo nsomba. Florists anamuthandiza kubwezeretsa zokongoletsa. Kukongoletsa moyo wathu ndi tebulo, kwakhala nthawi yambiri yokondweretsa.