Wokongola, wofiira kapena wobiriwira, wolemera kwambiri, zipatso za shuga wakhala akuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Peyala kumabweretsa kumverera kwodzaza, ndipo masapu ake a shuga amangosungunuka pakamwa panu. Mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala imadziwika, koma imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe mumaikonda ndi mtundu wa Lada peyala. Lero tidzakambirana zapadera zowonjezera izi zosiyanasiyana, zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro cha Lada zosiyanasiyana.
Zizindikiro ndi ubwino wa Lada
Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za pepala la Lada ndi chakuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chimodzi mwa zoyambirira. Mtengowo ndi wausinkhu wa kukula ndi piramidi ya korona. Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya mapeyala oyambirira, makungwa a Lada ali ndi imvi yowala, ndipo mtengo wa mtengowo ndi wofiirira. Mapesi a masambawa ndi aakulu, 1.5-3 masentimita, tsamba lokha ndilo lofiira, lopaka utoto wobiriwira bwino.
Lada maluwa ang'onoang'ono, anasonkhana inflorescences wa 6-8 zidutswa. Zipatso za pepala la Lada ndizochepa, zofanana ndi mazira. Kulemera kwake kwa chipatso chimodzi ndi -100-110 g, khungu pa chipatsocho ndi mtundu wachikasu, wokhala ndi manyazi. Imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kuti zipatso zipse molawirira kwambiri - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo zimatha kukhala pamtengo mpaka kutentha kumapita ku 0 °.
Mukudziwa? Dzina Grusha Lada analandira chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zina ziwiri: Olga mitundu ndi Forest Beauty mitundu.
Mnofu wa peyala ndi granular mu kapangidwe kake, ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri, kosauka kakuwawa komanso kuwala kosavuta. Zipatso zili ndi mavitamini ambiri, zimakhala zowonjezera komanso zowutsa.
Phindu lalikulu ndi nyengo yozizira yovuta ya Lada, komanso kuti peyala sakhala ndi matenda alionse.
Zotsatira zofika
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa mapeyala apamwamba a mapeyala a Lada, muyenera kuyamba kusamalira izi kuchokera pamene mukubzala mtengo. Pa zovuta zonse za ndondomekoyi, tipitiliza.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande chifukwa chodzala
Kuti mtengo wanu umamatire, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zazing'ono zomwe zasintha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ngati sapling ili kale zaka zitatu, pali ngozi yoti siidzalandiridwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zosankha mbande zidzakhala zotupa za thunthu ndi mtundu wake wokongola wa bulauni.
Ngati thumba la mmera siling'onong'ono, kapena pali zolakwika pamagetsi, ndi bwino kukana mbeuyo. Komanso, posankha chodzala zinthu, muyenera kutsatira njira zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mizu ya mmera: mizu yake iyenera kukhala yabwino komanso yosakhala (ngakhale pang'ono) zizindikiro za kuvunda, kuvulala kapena matenda.
Mu mmera wathanzi, mizu idzakhala yochuluka ndi yayikulu, osachepera 20-25 masentimita yaitali.
Nthawi yobzala
Mapeyala a Lada angabzalidwe panthawi ya masika ndi m'dzinja. Palibe umodzi pakati pa wamaluwa pa nkhaniyi. Kawirikawiri, peyala imabzalidwa kugwa - njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October.
Kukula peyala ya Lada kumapeto kwa nyengo imasonyeza kuti iyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene masambawo sanagwedezeke, kotero kuti chomera chikhoza kukhazikika mizu isanafike. Inde, ambiri wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala mu kugwa: Mizu yowonjezereka imapanga mofulumira panthawiyi chifukwa nthaka imakhala yowuma.
Momwe mungasankhire ndi kukonzekera malo oti mufike
Ndi bwino kudzala peyala pamalo okongola pamalo apamwamba: ndi bwino kusankha kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumwera kwa munda wanu. Malowa ayenera kuunikira mwakhama kwa maola 10, komabe, ngati peyala imakhala pansi pa dzuwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti kuyanika, chikasu ndi kupotoza masamba kungatheke.
Choncho, pachimake cha dzuwa mtengo uli bwino kuti pritenyat. Ponena za nthaka, peyalayo ndi yopanda ulemu, koma kusankha bwino kwa mitunduyi kudzakhala dothi lakuda, loamy, mabokosi ndi nthaka yakuda, yomwe imakhala ndi chinyezi. Peyala iyenera kubisika kuchokera kumalo otentha komanso ozizira.
Ngati kulikonse kumene mukupita kukabzala mtengo, dothi ndi dothi, zomwe zingathetsedwe ndi kuchepetsa nthaka ndi kompositi kapena peat. Chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha ndi kukonza malowa ndi kupezeka kwa madzi, chifukwa peyala silingalole madzi ochulukirapo.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Musanayambe kubzala, muyenera kukonza dzenje lakuya ndi masentimita 70-80 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 60, mtunda wa pakati pa mipando ukhale pafupi mamita 1-2.
- Thirani humus kapena kompositi kumalo otsetsereka pansi, mukhoza kutsanulira peat.
- Mu dzenje lokhala ndi chitunda, sungani pansi ndikuyendetsa gombe.
- Pamapiri muyenera kumayika bwino, kuwongolera mizu ngati mawonekedwe.
- Fukuzani nyembazo ndi dothi pamwamba, koma kuti mizu ya mizu ikhale masentimita 5-7 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Gwirani nyemba ndi thunthu ndikugwedeze kangapo kuti mudzaze chotsalira pakati pa mizu.
- Dulani pansi kuzungulira mmera.
- Sapling thunthu kuti amangirire msomali.
- Pansi pa malo omwe munabzala mmera, pangani dzenje lakuya, tanizani mbewu.
- Kutchera chingwe ndi humus kapena peat.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala, mizu ya peyala imayanjanitsidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate, pofuna kusokoneza mizu, komanso kuyang'ana kuti iwonongeke ndi matenda, mizu yowonongeka ingathe kudulidwa mosamala ndi kudula malo odulidwa ndi malasha.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu wolima peyala Lada: "Malo, Northerner, Chizhovskaya, Rogneda, Otradnenskaya. Choncho, m'pofunika kudzala zomera zazing'ono pafupi ndi mitengo ya mitundu iyi.
Zosamalira
Kuti mtengo ukondweretse ndi zipatso zokoma ndi kukhala wathanzi, muyenera kuzisamalira. Kusamalira mitundu ya Lada ndi yophweka ndipo ili ndi magawo angapo okha, omwe simungathe kupeza zipatso zathanzi zokha, komanso kumapangitsanso khalidwe lawo. Tsopano tiwongolera magawo awa.
Momwe mungadzamwe madzi
Peyala nthawi zonse imakhala ndi madzi okwanira kuchokera pansi pamadzi kapena mvula. Choncho, nthawi zina amafunika kuthirira. Ngati chilala mderalo chachedwa, muyenera kuthira peyala pa mlingo wa ndowa zitatu pa 1 mita imodzi. Momwemo muyenera kuyendetsa peyala mu nthawi yogwira ntchito - kumapeto kwa August.
Ngati peyala yanu ikadali wamng'ono, muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri kuposa mtengo waukulu. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimathiriridwa mu bwalo, kukumba ndi fosholo, yomwe imayambitsidwa.
M'dzinja nthawi ya peyala amafunikira nyonga, choncho imatsuka pamaso pachisanu. Kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata (ngati dothi silinyowa kwambiri) lidzakwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino yothetsera pepala la Lada ndikuwaza. Njira iyi ndiyo kuponyera madzi pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu mumlengalenga mozungulira mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri kudya
Lingaliro loti peyala liyenera kudyetsedwa kuchokera nthawi yobwera pansi ndi lolakwika, chifukwa m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mizu ya Lada imakhala yokhutira ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Koma kale kuyambira 2, ndipo ngakhale kuchokera zaka zitatu muyenera kupanga fetereza kwa mapeyala. Manyowa a Lada amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo atatu:
Gawo loyamba zomwe zinachitika m'chaka. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthawi ya mphukira ikuphulika, gawo loyamba la feteleza limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lipindule bwino za mtsogolo. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito madiresi otsatirawa: 90 g wa urea amafunika kusungunuka mu malita 7 a madzi ndikumwa madzi mumtsinje wothirira.
Mukudziwa? Zotsatira za urea ndizofanana ndi zotsatira za njira ya nkhuku manyowa, ndipo njira ziwirizi zikhoza kuthandizana mosavuta.Kuvala zovala kumatanthauzanso umuna pambuyo pa mtengo. Pano mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito nitroammofosku mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 200. Pansi pa mtengo umodzi mukhoza kutsanulira zitsulo zoposa 3 zamadzi.
Nthawi ziwiri Chomeracho chimadyetsedwa m'chilimwe, ndipo makamaka mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera zimamera ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous foliar. Ngati mwapeza chosowa cha chomera pamtengo, chikhoza kumera ndi njira yothetsera manyowa, mullein masabata awiri pambuyo pake kudyetsa nkhuku.
Chachitatu ndipo feteleza nthawi yotsiriza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa kukonzekera peyala ya nyengo yozizira. Chakudya chiyenera kuyamba pamene masamba onse agwa. Njira yabwino yodyetsera chakudya: 15 g wa phosziyamu chloride ndi 35 g ya superphosphate mu granules ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi. Chigawo chimodzi cha kuvala kotereku chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mita imodzi. N'zotheka kuwonjezera 150 g wa phulusa pamtunda mita imodzi pa nthaka.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungatchekerere
Kudulira, komwe kumapangidwira kupangidwe kolondola ndi kokongola kwa korona, kumachitika zaka 4 zoyambirira zokha. Pambuyo pake, mtengowo ukakula, kudulira kumachitidwa kuti kubwezeretsanso zomera ndikuchotsa matenda.
Lada kudulira peyala akulimbikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kudulira nthambi kuti achotse matenda a foci ndi kupewa. Komanso chotsani nthambi zimenezo zomwe zimayambitsa korona, osati kuzilola kuti zikule.
Ndondomeko yokometsera yokhayo imapangidwa ndi mitsuko yowopsya, yokhala ndi zowonongeka komanso mofulumira pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwina kwa makungwa ndi thunthu. Zigawo zokhala ndi mamita 1.5 masentimita ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi jekeseni wamaluwa kapena kuzungulira ndi malasha opunduka.
Nthawi yokolola komanso yosunga mbewu
Mtengo woyamba wa peyala udzakubweretserani kale kwa zaka 2-4. Kawirikawiri zipatso zakucha zipatso pafupi ndi mapeto a August ndikukhala pa nthambi kwa nthawi yaitali. Mpaka makilogalamu 50 a zipatso zabwino ndi apamwamba akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi.
Sungani zipatso bwino mu nyengo youma. Zipatso zimayenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku nthambi pamodzi ndi phesi, kuzikonza ndi kuziyika m'mabokosi a matabwa kapena pulastiki. Zokolola sizikusungidwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka masiku 60 kutentha kwa 0 °, kotero ndi bwino kusankha youma koma malo ozizira osungirako.
Mfundo yofunika ndi yakuti zipatso zokha mumabokosi ndi bwino kuti asamangodalirana kwambiri kuti asamawonongeke. Nthawi ndiziyenera kufufuzidwa ngati pali mapeyala omwe ayamba kuvunda, kapena "akudwala", zipatso zoterezi ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo m'bokosi.
Pa kayendedwe ka mapeyala, mitundu ya Lada siyikanika, choncho imayenera kunyamulidwa mosamala komanso mosamala.
Ndikufuna malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira
Peyala - mtengo wozizira kwambiri, umene ukalamba ukhoza kupirira kutentha mpaka -30 ° C. Makamaka bwino muyenera kusamalira mitengo yaying'ono musanafike yozizira, amafunikira malo okhala.
Kuyambira pa zaka 4 zapitazi mtengo wachisanu ndi bwino kukulunga pepala. Mitengo yaing'ono sidzalepheretsa malo okhala pamtunda. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mulching panthaka ndi makala mu mphika wa masentimita 15-20.
Pofuna kuteteza mitengo ikuluikulu, amagwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chapadera cha maluwa, ndipo mulu wa chisanu umayendetsedwa pamtengo, womwe umateteza mizu.
Kukula mapeyala - ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta, komabe, ndi kofunikira kuti musamalire mwanjira yovuta, ndipo Lada adzakupatsani zipatso zokoma shuga zomwe zimakondweretsa inu ndi yoyamba yophukira.
