Mitengo ya Coniferous nthawi zonse imatha kukongoletsa bwalo lililonse, nyumba, paki. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo komanso osadziŵa kwenikweni, amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa eni eni, ndi pakati pa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito mwakhama. Chimodzi mwa zachilendo ndi zachilendo conifers ndi larch (lat. Larix) - mtengo wamphamvu (mpaka mamita 35-40 mu msinkhu) kuchokera ku banja la paini. Chilendo cha taiga ichi chili mu singano zosalala, zomwe mosiyana ndi anthu, zomera izi zimagwa chisanafike nyengo yozizira. Mu autumn, mitengo imakhala yonyezimira kapena yowala lalanje. Motero, larch sizomera chomera chobiriwira.
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 yomwe imakula m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango za Northern Hemisphere. Zili za zomera-yaitali-livers - amakhala zaka 500 kapena kuposa. 
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kupirira ndi kukana kutaya, mtengo wa mitengo uli ndi mtengo wapatali, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zombo, pomanga nyumba zamadzi, kupanga mapepala ndi mipando. Kuchokera mu singano za larch mumalandira mafuta ofunikira. Tsamba lopindulitsa limachokera ku khungwa. Pambuyo pofotokozera makhalidwe okongola a larch, ambiri adzafuna kulima pabwalo lawo, kutsogolo kwa nyumba, m'dziko kapena mu bedi la maluwa. Zindikirani mwatsatanetsatane za zochitika za kubzala, kukula, kusamalira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito lachitsulo lokongola zingapezeke m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu iwiri ya mapulaneti imatetezedwa zomera: Polish ndi Olgin.
Chofunika kuyang'ana pamene mukugula mbande
Momwe mungakulire kukaka? Pali njira ziwiri - zopangira kapena mbewu. Mbande ayenera kusankha zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi. Ndi bwino kugula zomera m'makina. Mukamagula, mverani nsonga za singano - sayenera kukhala owuma. Nthambi ziyenera kugwada ndi kugwada kumbali.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamagula sapling musapite ku masitolo akuluakulu ogulitsira katundu, koma kumalo osungirako ana amasiye kapena malo odyetserako ziweto. Kotero inu mudzakhala ndi chitsimikizo choyenera kuti mugule mmera wabwino wathanzi ndipo musataye ndalama kutali.
Komabe, nthawi zina kugula mbande za larch ndizovuta kwambiri. Choncho, kawirikawiri amamera ndi mbewu, zomwe zimachokera kuzipangizo zina kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba kapena kugula m'masitolo apadera. Asanadzalemo, ayenera kusungidwa m'thumba la pepala. Mbeu za kumera zimakhala zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu.
Kusankha malo okhala
Kusankhidwa kwa malo oti kubzalidwa kubzala kumayenera kuyandikira ndi udindo wonse, popeza mtengowo umakana kukula mumthunzi. Pakuti ndikofunikira kusankha ngodya ya dzuwa.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu imodzi yokha ya larch ikhoza kukulira mumdima wowala - Japan.
Ngati mukufuna kulola kukongola uku, koma m'dzikoli mulibe malo omera komanso obiriwira, mukhoza kupanga mtengo wawung'ono mwa kudulira. Mwamwayi, larch imalekerera njirayi bwino ndipo imabwezeretsedwa mwamsanga pambuyo pake. Kotero, musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu iyi, muyenera kufufuza zambiri za momwe mungadulire ndi, mwinamwake, kuti mudziwe bwino luso la bonsai. Komanso kubzala, mukhoza kutenga mitundu yokongoletsera yaing'ono. Larch amafuna kuti nthaka ikhale yozungulira. Silikugwirizana ndi dothi losavuta, choncho, ngati chiwembu chokonzekera kuti dziko lapansi likhale losavomerezeka, liyenera kutayidwa asanadzalemo. Povuta, mtengowu umayambira pa nthaka yosauka komanso yamchenga. Kuwonjezera apo, sikungakhale zodabwitsa kudziwa kuti mizu ya larch salola kulemba kwapafupi kwa madzi pansi. Kuti mtengo ukhale mofulumira komanso mofulumira, uyenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka yokhala ndi zowonjezera bwino. Larch imalekerera zikhalidwe za mzindawo bwino, kotero izo zingabzalidwe m'mapaki, mumzinda, ndi mabwalo. Kwambiri kukana ndi chisanu.
Nthawi yabwino yopita
Ngati mukufuna kudzala mmera, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchitika mu kugwa, titatha tsamba lakugwa, kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthaka ikatentha pang'ono. Mbewu imafesedwa kasupe mu nthaka yotenthedwa, pamene pali kale udzu pamenepo.
Malangizo obwera
Kubzala mbande musanayambe kukonza dzenje ndi miyeso ya 50 ndi 50 cm. Ngati mtengo udabzalidwa kuchokera mu chidebe, dzenje liyenera kukhala lalitali kwambiri komanso lozama kuposa chidebe. Chomeracho chimayikidwa bwino, osayesa kusokoneza ulusi wa dziko ndi mizu. Kugona kwakukulu ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ya sod ndi peat mofanana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, khosi lazu liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Ngati dothi likulemera, mchenga (gawo limodzi) akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku chisakanizo, ndipo ngalande iyenera kuikidwa pansi pa dzenje lakudzala. Mutabzala, mtengo umathirira mochuluka, pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha madzi. N'zotheka kupanga manyowa kapena humus. Kukula kwachinyamata kumafunika kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Mukadzala mbande za larch muyenera kusamala kwambiri komanso kuti musakhudze apical mphukira. Ngakhale kukhudza kochepa kungawononge mtengo - kutsogolera kuphulika kwake, komwe kudzakhalabe pa conifer ya moyo.
Nthawi yowonjezera ndiyo kubzala mbewu. Pofuna kumera bwino, mbeu ya larch iyenera kusungidwa (komabe izi ndizosankha). Kuti muchite izi, mwezi usanadzalemo, zilowerereni m'madzi kutentha kwa maola 48. Kenaka, muyenera kuyesa kukopera: chotsani mbewu zomwe zinagwera. Pambuyo pake, muzitsulo zilizonse ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wothira (1: 3) ndikuyika mufiriji, pansi pa alumali, kusintha kutentha kuchokera 0 mpaka +5 ° С. Kutalika kwa stratification ndi masiku 20-30.
Kufesa kwachitika kumapeto kwa April - kumayambiriro kwa May. Mbewu imalowa mu nthaka ndi 0,5-1 masentimita. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi 10-12 masentimita Kuchokera pamwamba, mbewu zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndi gawo la peat (3: 1). Mbewu mulch. Zimawonekera, patapita pafupifupi masabata awiri, chisanu cha mulch chimachotsedwa. Kusamalira mbande za larch kumaphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse, mankhwala ndi fungicides motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta conifers, kupatulira ndi kupalira. Mitengo yaing'ono ikafika zaka ziwiri, imaikidwa pamalo okhwima.
Larch imalekerera kubzala zovuta komanso zautali. Komabe, ikadzazuka, idzakondwera ndi mitengo yofulumira - kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 3.5 masentimita pachaka kwa zaka 20 zoyambirira. Pakutha zaka zinayi kapena zisanu, zimatha kufika mamita 1.5. Pamene ali ndi zaka khumi, pakakhala nyengo yabwino, imayamba kubereka zipatso.
Kusamalira ndi kulima larch
Larch samafuna chidwi kwambiri pamene ikukula. Momwemonso, mofanana ndi zomera zina zambiri, zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka mu bwalo kuzungulira thunthu, kuchotsa udzu wozungulira, kudyetsa zakudya ndi kuchepetsa ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuthirira, kuyanika ndi kumasula nthaka
Larch ali ndi mbali ngati kusalana kwa chilala. Choncho, kuthirira mbeu zazing'ono (mpaka zaka ziwiri), komanso zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu panthawi youma, ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira - malita 20 pa mtengo umodzi wokhwima kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.
Mukudziwa? Larch akulimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka bowa.
Pa kumasula ndi kupalira, achinyamata okha amafunikira. Zomera zambiri zimatha mosavuta popanda njirayi. Kupanga mitundu ina ya kukongola kwa coniferous kukongola, nthambi zake zikhoza kudulidwa, kupereka mawonekedwe okondweretsa kukhala korona (mipando yotseguka, korona, mipira, etc.) ndi kubwezeretsa kumbuyo. Ndizitsamba zokha zokha zimadulidwa.
Feteleza
Mu chaka choyamba mutabzala, mu May, chomerachi chikhoza kubzalidwa ndi feteleza ovuta - Kemira Universal (20 g / 1 sq. M) idzayandikira kapena kudyetsa zakudya zopangidwa ndi potassium ndi magnesium. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kukonza makhalidwe okongoletsera a singano, korona imatsanuliridwa ndi kuthirira ndi njira yothetsera urea (10 g / 10 l madzi). M'tsogolomu, mungathe chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika, chisanafike kukula kwa mphukira, kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza kwa conifers.
Kuthamanga kwa nthaka
Nthaka imakhala ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 6 mutangobzala, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, peat, utuchi, pine singano. Ngakhalenso nyengo yozizira kwambiri yowonjezera imapirira bwino kwambiri ndipo safuna zina zowonjezera kukonzekera kuzizira. Komabe, zomera zazing'ono, makamaka pa thunthu, ndi bwino kukulunga thumba. Mitundu ina idzafunikiranso nthambi za nthambi kuti zisagwe pansi pa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa.
Larch pa thunthu ndi kumangidwe kwa malo
Larch imagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri mmapangidwe a malo. Chifukwa chakuti mitengoyi siyimangidwe ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yokha, koma ndi mitundu yaying'ono, malo ake akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amabzalidwa m'magulu ndi minda ya soliternyh, monga zinga, m'minda yamaluwa ndi minda yamaluwa. Mtengowo umalekerera m'madera ena ndi zomera zina. Othandizana nawo kwambiri akhoza kukhala conifers, rhododendron, linden, birch, maple, phulusa la phiri, juniper, viburnum, barberry.
Chomera chophatikizira pa thunthu ndi chokongola ndi chachilendo. Kawirikawiri kulima mwa njirayi pogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Ulaya ku Kornik, Repens, Japan: Blue Blue, Wear Weeper. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya korona: kulira, zokwawa, mawonekedwe a mtolo, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya singano: mdima wakuda, imvi-buluu. Mitengo yambiri imayang'ana pafupi ndi malo opumula, kumadontho, pakhomo la nyumba, m'mapiri a alpine, kumalo otseguka.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya larch (mwachitsanzo, Wolterdingen), yomwe ili yabwino kubzala m'mitsuko ndikupeza ntchito yopanga minda ya Japan.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, njira zochitira nawo
Monga conifers onse, larch ali ndi adani ambiri mwa mawonekedwe a tizirombo, bowa ndi mabakiteriya. Matenda owopsa kwambiri kwa mtengo ndi khansa ya larch, yomwe imakhudza masamba ndi thunthu. Amapanga mawanga ozizira bwino, ming'alu imayambira mu cortex, ndi m'magazi amagazi. Osauka kwambiri pa matendawa ndi zomera kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 40, mitundu ya ku Ulaya ndi Siberia. 
Mbande ingagwire fusarium. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, chithandizo cha nthaka ndi mbeu ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, kukonzekera kopangidwa ndi mkuwa, "Readzole" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimakhudza larch ndi shyutte. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi malo ofiira pa masamba, singano mu May. Pambuyo pake, singano imasanduka chikasu ndikugwa. Poletsa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa "Zinebom" Bordeaux madzi, yankho la colloidal sulfure.
Potsutsa tinder, mizu ya siponji imagwiritsidwa ntchito "Nitrofen", mkuwa wa sulphate. Pakati pa tizirombozi, njenjete ya njenjete, yomwe mbozi imadyetsa singano, imayambitsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri pamakongoletsedwe a larch. Kuti muwawononge iwo, perekani mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa.
Masingano a pinini amavulazidwa ndi mabala a mvula, omwe amawombera akangaude. Madzi a chomera amadyetsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zobiriwira. Zisoti zikhale zachikasu ndi zokhota. Mankhwala osakaniza, makamaka Fozalon, Chlorofos, amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana.
Komanso, mtengo uli ndi mphamvu zowonongeka ndi mphutsi za coniferous. Makungwa ndi korona akuwonongeka ndi makungwa a makungwa, mabomba, ndi mabakiteriya. Polimbana nawo ogwira bwino kasupe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa "Karbofos", "Nitrofen". Mbalame ndi mbewu zimadya mbozi zomwe zimakhala ngati njenjete. Pano mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo tingathandize. Larch - mtengo wokhala ndi chikhalidwe, komabe ngati mutakwaniritsa zofunikira zake zonse, ndiye kuti kwa nthawi yaitali chonde mukhale ndi korona wokongola ndi masamba ofewa, singano zomwe sizingatheke.
