Timabzala peyala pakagwa molondola!

Mtengo wa peyala ndi wotchuka kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa apulo, mtengo pakati pa wamaluwa, ndipo sapezeka m'minda yawo.

Mapeyala ndi okoma, pali mitundu yofewa yamkati, ndipo palinso zovuta, pali mitundu ya chilimwe, ndipo pali nyengo yozizira.

Nthawi zina, mapeyala amachotsedwabe, ndipo amasiyidwa kuti aziimbidwa mpaka masika, ndipo amasungidwa, owazidwa ndi utuchi, mumabokosi a matabwa.

Kukoma kwa peyala kusintha, kumakhala kozizira kwambiri, kofewa ndi kokoma.

Nthanga za peyala zimabzalidwa makamaka m'chaka, koma kubzala kwadzukulu kuli ndi omutsatira. Taganizirani zifukwa zawo.

Kodi ubwino wokhala peyala wothandiza kubzala ndi ubwino wotani?

Chingwe chokolola chochuluka cha mapeyala ndi choyala choyenera cha mbande. Kutha chabwino yoyenera kubwerera mbewu, ndipo izi zili ndi zifukwa zake.

Ubwino wodzala mapeyala mu kugwa ndi monga:

1. Kutha amalingalira kwambiri nthawi yabwino zaka kwa kusankha mbande mapeyala Panthawiyi, ali ndi mizu yabwino, ndipo nkhuni imakula mokwanira.
2. Ndi m'nthawi yophukira kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya peyala, ndipo mtengo wawo ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa masika. Komanso mbande zimalandiridwa mofulumira.
3. Mwinanso kugula mbande za peyala zomwe zili kale zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zikuwonjezeka. Iwo amavomerezedwa bwino ku malo atsopano.
4. Dziko lapansi ndi mlengalenga zimatenthedwa m'nyengo ya autumn, ndipo mbande imakula mofulumira.
5. Peyala yofesedwa m'dzinja imakula ndikukula mofulumira.

Nthawi komanso momwe mungabzalitsire peyala

Zabwino kwambiri masiku okwera mapeyala m'dzinja pakati pa September, theka la mwezi wa Octoberpamaso pa chisanu choyamba. Choyamba, chemba dzenje pasanakhalepo, ndipo konzekerani dzenje kuti mutenge mapeyala.

Mukhoza kubzala mbande popanda kukumba dzenje lakudzala. Pachifukwa ichi, pamalo omwe peyala ikukula, kuchepa kwakukulu kumapangidwa kukula kwa mizu ya mtengo.

M'nthaka, yomwe ilibe zakudya zambiri, funsani ndikukonzekera dzenje lakudzala. M'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 100, ndipo kuya kwake ndi masentimita 60. dzenje lamadzaza ndi humus, phulusa, superphosphate, nthaka yachonde, komanso pamakoma omwe amapanga buffant.

Mitengo ikabzalidwa, imakhala yodzaza madzi. Pofuna kuteteza mizu, nyengo yachisanu, nthaka yozungulira dzenje ili ndi peat ndi kompositi. Ndiye kulimbikitsa mizu, pafupi ndi zofunikira za mmera nyundo yonyamulira ndi kumanga mtengo wawung'ono ndi chingwe.

Timasankha nthaka ndi malo molondola

Kudyetsa mbande ya peyala mu kugwa kumayamba ndi kusankha malo abwino ndi dothi la tsogolo la mtengo. Peyala iyenera kukula mwamsanga pamalo osatha, iye sakonda kusintha.

Peyala amakonda kutentha ndi kuopa chisanu. Choncho, malo abwino kwambiri kwa mbande ya peyala adzakhala gawo lakumwera kapena kum'mawa kwa munda kapena kanyumba. Payenera kukhala youma, yotentha, ndi dzuwa lokwanira. Musati mulimbikitse kubzala mbande kumene kuli zowonongeka ndi mphepo zamphamvu zikuwomba.

Dziko lapansi musanadzale peyala mbande zofunika kumasula, imayenera kupitilira madzi ndi mpweya mosavuta. Mitengo imabzalidwa pamtunda wa mamita atatu kuchokera pa mzake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti peyala ili ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, choncho imalangizidwa kuti ikhale ndi mamita atatu kutali ndi nyumba iliyonse, yomwe imapanganso mthunzi wambiri.

Kuti bwino pollination wa maluwa, 2-3 osiyana mitundu ya peyala obzalidwa. Peyala siidabzalidwe pamchenga, mchenga ndi mandimu.

Musanabzala mapeyala, nthaka iyenera kumera.

Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito peat, mchenga wa mtsinje, komanso manyowa kapena manyowa. Choyamba, onse amwazikana mozungulira munda, kenako akumba pansi, nthaka ikamasulidwa. Pafupi malo okwana 6 gwiritsani ntchito cube imodzi ya manyowa (wosanjikiza wa kompositi ndi 20 cm) + 1 cube ya mchenga (kutsanulira masentimita 15). Ndifunikanso kuwonjezera mchere wamchere.

Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mandimu kunthaka, mwachitsanzo, dothi la nthaka. Koma nthawi zina, wamaluwa amavomereza kuti ndi bwino kusiya nthaka yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito. Pa zamchere dothi mitengo kupeza chlorosis.

Koma feteleza yabwino kwambiri, kuti dothi likhale lachonde, mosavuta kulola mpweya ndi madzi kudutsa, ndi zinyama zam'madzi, zikhoza kubweretsedwa pansi kuchokera m'nkhalango kapena kukumba pamalo pomwe pali chinyezi.

Chisamaliro ndi chofunikira kwambiri kukolola.

Kusamalira peyala sikunali kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kumakhala kofanana ndi kusamalira apulo.

Phulusa mapeyala akufunika kuti aziyeraAmalangizidwa kuti azichita izi kawiri pachaka. Kuwombera kumathandiza kuteteza mtengo kuti usawotchedwe, kupatulapo, umakhala ngati mankhwala othandiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ziwotche zamoto mitundu ina tizilombo.

Kwa nyengo yozizira mitengo imasowa kutenthaPachifukwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito kutukuta. Kukonzekera kwa mtengo kwa hibernation kumachitika pafupifupi mwa zotsatirazi:

1. Pansi pa mtengo mutenge masamba onse ogwa, zipatso zomwe zavunda. Simungakhoze kuwasiya iwo, mu mapeyala ovunda amakhala ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
2. Nthambi zowuma, ngati zilipo, zimadulidwa ndi mitsempha, malo odulidwa ayenera kuthiridwa ndi barbi.
3. Kuonongeka, khungwa lophwanyika linayeretsa pamtengo, muyenera kusiya malo okhawo abwino.
4. Mfundo ina yofunika ndikuteteza mtengo ku mbewa ndi hares.

Ndi feteleza ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito

Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kumadalira mkhalidwe wa mtengo. M'chaka choyamba moyo wamtengo feteleza samazipangaNdibwino kuti tiyambe kuyambira chaka chachiwiri chodzala mmera. Kudyetsa mapeyala kumagwa ndi kugwa.

Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka, nthawi yophukira, ndi organic zimayambika zaka zitatu zilizonse. Chitsamba chimakulungidwa pamtengo, ndipo humus, urea ndi potassium kloride amatsanulira mmenemo. Komanso, paliwonjezeredwa, pamodzi ndi dziko lapansi, choyamba phosphate-potassium, ndiyeno feteleza organic, ndi chifukwa chabwino, chirichonse chiyenera kukumbidwa.

M'dzinjapalibe Manyowa a azitrogeni sangagwiritsidwe ntchito., pamene zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu, yomwe nthawiyi ikukonzekera kale ku hibernation.

Malingaliro odiririra

Mtengo ngati peyala ukhoza Chitani nthawi yaitali popanda madzi ndi zokwanira zovuta kulekerera chilalakoma madzi komabe ake zofunika. Ndibwino kuti nthaka yomwe mbande imakula, nthawi zonse imakhala mvula yonyowa. Sitingalole kusintha kwakukulu kwa chilala kwa nthaka yonyowa, nthawi zina izi zimapangitsa kuti zipatso za mapeyala ena ziyambe kusokonekera.

Pakuti mapeyala alipo kuthirirandizo pafupi Nkhokwe 2 kwa chaka chimodzi cha moyo nkhuni, mwachitsanzo, Chaka chilichonse timawonjezera 2 ndowa zamadzi. Lamulo lina la ulimi wothirira ndi kuti peyala sayenera kuthiridwe pafupi ndi thunthu, koma pansi pa korona, popeza pali mizu yambiri, yomwe imapatsa chinyezi chopatsa moyo.

Malo oyandikana ndi mtengo amafunika kuwonetsedwa. zonse zomwe muli nazo kunyumba, zakuthupi. Izi zikhoza kukhala pepala, utuchi, zotsalira za zomera. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka yozungulira mtengo nthawi zonse imasuka, popanda namsongole, ndipo siuma.

Kwa kuthirira mapeyala ntchito dongosolo la sprinkler.. Izi ndi pamene madzi amalowa mumtengo kupyolera mwapadera, ndipo ali ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, kukumbukira mvula yeniyeni.

Njira yina yothandizira peyala ndiyo kuyenderera kudzera mu grooves kuzungulira thunthu, chigawo chawo chiyenera kukhala pafupi 15-20 masentimita.

Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi zimadalira nyengo, nthawi zambiri Ndowa 2-3 pachaka mokwanira, koma kutentha mungathe kutsanulira maulendo angapo.

Madzi ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi phokoso ndi kupitirira, popeza pali mizu yowonda kwambiri, osati pafupi ndi thunthu.

Mmene mungatchere mapeyala

Kudulira mitengo zomwe zinachitika mu kasupe ndipo mutabzala mbande, i.e. m'dzinja. M'chaka kuchokera ku mtengo kudula nthambi za frostbitten ndi nthambi izo zomwe zinawonongeka, koma izo sizinawonedwe mu kugwa. Kutulutsa nthambi kawiri pachaka, mukhoza kusunga ndi kupanga korona molondola, mukhoza kuchotsa tizirombo tina.

Kudulira mitengo yoyamba kumayamba kale kuchokera pa zaka ziwiri. Chotsani mphukira zosayenera, ndifunikanso kufupikitsa nthambi za pachaka, pamtunda wa 1/3 wa kutalika kwake. Pamene mdulidwe uli wofunika kupanga piramidi ya korona. Sungathe kukulitsidwa, chifukwa izi zingakhudze zokolola zamtsogolo. Chotsani nthambi kuti ziwotche, kuti zichotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Timateteza mtengo ku tizirombo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi:

1. Zipatso zimayambitsa. Amadyetsa mtengo wamtengo, womwe umayambitsa masamba msanga.
2. Leafbolts ndi mbozi zomwe zimadya masamba, maluwa, ndi zipatso.
3. Medianitsa, ikuwoneka ngati aphid. Amakhala mkati mwa impso ndikumwa madzi awo. Medyanitsa imatulutsa madzi a uchi, omwe amachititsa kuti phokoso likhale lopweteka.
4. Weevils. Nkhumba yotere yomwe idya chipatso.
5. Odya apulosi, omwe ali mu mphutsi, amadya mkati mwa inflorescence, zomwe sizinasinthe ngakhale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizinayambe mungu. Chilombochi chimadya masamba.
6. Pear moth - tizilombo towononga kwambiri omwe amadya mbewu yonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga tizilombo wapadera mankhwalaomwe amafunika kupopera mitengo. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku sucker ndi sprayed ndi fufanon kapena inta-vir. Ndipo masamba odwala mite, amatenthedwa.

Matenda wamba

Matenda ambiri omwe mitengo ya peyala ingayambitse ndi:

1. Scab. Zimayambira kukula m'chaka. Chimake chobiriwira chobiriwira chikuwoneka pamasamba, ndipo masamba obiriwira amayamba kugwa.
2. Zipatso zowola. Pa peyala amaoneka ngati imvi yowonongeka, imafalikira ndi mpweya, kudwala mitengo ina.
3. Kutupa. Amafotokoza matenda oopsa. Pa masamba pali mawanga omwe amafanana ndi dzimbiri.
4. Mame a Mealy. Zimakhudza pafupifupi mbewu yonse: maluwa, mphukira, masamba, masamba. Zimayamba ndi maonekedwe a powdery, malo onyenga, ndipo amajambulidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe umayambitsa kupanga madontho wakuda.
5. Nkhumba zakuda zimawonekera mu mawonekedwe a pulasitiki wakuda pa zipatso ndi masamba a peyala.

Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mitundu ya mapeyala ku Mitsinje.

M'chilimwe, ku matenda, mitengo amathandizidwa ndi urea kapena vitriol ya buluu.

Koma, lamulo la golidi liyenera kukumbukiridwa, ndi bwino kuchenjeza matenda alionse kapena maonekedwe a tizirombo, kusiyana ndi kuwonekera pambuyo pake, ndipo pakuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyamba, yambani kuyamba mankhwala.