Mitengo yamatcheri yamakono imakhala malo apadera m'munda wa wolima munda, ndi omwe amasankha kulima kwa nthawi yoyamba, chifukwa khalidwe la sweetish limakonda kwambiri akulu ndi ana.
Kuti zipatso zabwino za mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitumbuwa zikondweretse ife, tikufunikira kusamalira bwino mtengo.
Ndipo izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuthirira ndi kukumba, komanso kudulira panthawi yake, zomwe siziyenera kuvulaza, komanso kuthandizira kuonjezera zipatso ndi moyo wautali wa mbewu.
Nkhaniyi imakumbukira gawo lofunikira kwambiri posamalira chitumbuwa chokoma - kudulira. Pofuna kuwononga mitengo, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuchotsa nthambi ndi mphukira. Zingakhale bwino kuyamba ndi kuganizira funso la mitundu yambiri ya kudulira kokoma.
Chimene muyenera kudziwa musanayambe kukotula zipatso zamatcheri
Mitundu ya kudulira
1) Kudula mitengo. Amachitika chaka choyamba chodzala yamatcheri ndipo ndi yoyamba kudulira mitengo. Kuchokera pa dzinali, zikuwonekeratu kuti tifunika kupanga mafupa a mtengo, maziko olimba, chifukwa adzakhala ndi nthambi zomwezo mu korona, komanso amapanga zinthu zabwino kuti zitheke zipatso za chitumbuwa chokoma. Amachitidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene chitumbuwa chikadali pogona.
2) Kudulira panthawi ya fruiting - uwu ndi mtundu wa kudulira, pamene zipatso za kucha zimachotsa zowonongeka, kachilomboka ndi zomwe zimaphimba korona wa mphukira. Onetsetsani kuti pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa magulu akuluakulu a ziwalo ndi zigoba, izi zimapangidwira kukula kwa ofooka kwambiri kumbali. Izi ndizofunika makamaka pampando wapamwamba wa korona.
3) Kudula mitengo yokalamba - Imeneyi ndi mtundu wa kudulira, zomwe zimachitika pamene chipatso chimazengereza. Kuwonjezera nthawi ya fruiting ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kukolola kwa zipatso, m'pofunika kuchepetsa nthambi za malamulo onse.
Kudulira nthawi
Ndi liti pamene ndibwino kudula lokoma chitumbuwa mu kasupe, chilimwe, kapena kugwa? Ngati timapanga korona yoyenera ya mtengo, ndiye kuti March, isanayambe kuphulika, ndibwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, pamene tipanga magazi, mtengo wotentha sudzayenda, ndipo bala pa nthambi lidzatha msanga.
Kudulira kwachitetezo, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi za matenda ndi zosafunikira kumachitidwa bwino mu kugwa. Ufulu wouma, wosakhala fruiting mphukira, chotsani kulemera kwakukulu kuchokera ku chitumbuwa ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kukonza sikunayamikiridwe mu miyezi yozizira.chifukwa nkhuni zomwe zili panthawiyi ndizochepa chifukwa cha kutentha kwake, ndipo kudula kumakhala kosaoneka bwino komanso kosalekeza kwa nthawi yaitali.
Agronomists ena amachitiranso nyengo yozizira kuti awononge mphukira, makamaka iwo amene amakula mkati mwa korona, komanso kuchokera ku nthambi zodwala ndi zowonongeka.
Kupanga korona ndi korona ali ndi yamatcheri amayenera kuchitika pachaka. Mphukira zake zimakula mofulumira kwambiri, zimayenera kuletsedwa kukula, kutsogolera mwa mtundu winawake. Pamene chitumbuwa chimayamba kutikondweretsa ndi zipatso, muyenera kuchotsa wokondweretsa, womwe uli pakati.
Izi zidzathetsa kukula kwake ndikumasulira nthambi zotsalira, zomwe zidzatha kupereka chitukuko cha zipatso zatsopano. Chotsani nthawi zonse nthambi zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa korona, kuti zisawonongeke kukula kwa mafoloko aakulu.
Kukonza dongosolo
Mpaka pano, chilengedwe chonse chokonda sizinapangidwe. Koma malamulo ovomerezeka Titha kuganiza mosamala kuti kukula kwa mtengo ndi chitsogozo chake.
Mmodzi mwa mayiko a ku Ulaya, wamaluwa amapanga njira yosangalatsa, chifukwa chake mungatenge zipatso mosavuta, mwachitsanzo, kuima pamapazi anu, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthambi za mitengo zikuyesera kutumiza mmalo osasuntha m'malo mowongolera, monga momwe ambiri amadziwira, kudula nsonga chabe ya kuthawa pakati.
Ndondomeko yotereyi imatchedwa kuti yophika, ndiko kuti, kudulira kwachitidwa kuti nthambi zikule pambali ya madigiri 45. Iye mbali yolakwika Ndikuti mtengo umayenera kuthandizira nthambiyi, chifukwa cha kulemera kumene angathe.
Kukonza zinthu
Mitengo yamatcheri yamatcheri zipatso pa mphukira pachaka ndi nthambi zamaluwa. Mtengo umakhala ndi nthambi zochepa komanso kukula kwa mphukira panthawi imodzimodzi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupanga korona.
Kuti apange korona yowongoka, yodzaza mtengo, imayamba kudula mtengo kuyambira chaka choyamba chodzala.
Kudulira kumachitika nthawi isanayambe nyengo yokula. Pamene kudulira lokoma yamatcheri akulimbikitsidwa woonda kwambiri korona kwambiri, ndi kudula kutalika kwa nthambizo mochepa.
Nthambi za chitumbuwa chokomaZomwe sizimabereka zipatso, kukula pang'onopang'ono kumagawanika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi katundu kapena womangirizidwa ku nthambi yapafupi, chifukwa ngati izi sizinachitike, nthambi ndi cherries zokoma zimatha. Ndipo nthambi izo zomwe zimachoka ku korona, kuyesera kukoka kuti zizipereke izo mawonekedwe ena.
Kukula kotopa komwe ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20 ndi achinyamata. Pamene mukudulira, chotsani nthambi ziwiri. Kubwezeretsa kudulira amayenda zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse. Ndipo pooneka ngati mphukira zowonongeka, ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga ndikupita ku nthambi zonyamulira.
Mapangidwe a korona
Zoonadi kutero Tifunika kupanga korona, ngati sitichita izi, tidzatenga mtengo waukulu kwambiri ndi nthambi zosadziwika kwambiri. Kodi mungakolole bwanji ndi chitumbuwa chotere?
Kutalika kwabwino kwake kumachokera ku 3.5 mpaka 4 mamita, ndipo korona iyenera kukhala yozungulira kapena yozungulira, izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zambiri, ndipo chisamaliro chidzapangitsa kukhala kosavuta. Tiyeni tione zomwe ziri Mitundu yayikulu ya korona ya mitengo ya chitumbuwa.
Korona wapatali kwambiri. Mtundu wa korona woterewu umatengedwa kuti ndi wabwino kwa yamatcheri okoma. Mitengo ya fomu iyi ili ndi tsinde la 60-70 cm lalitali, ndiye thunthu limapita, pomwe pamapeto pake nthambi zoyamba zimapezeka.
Awa ndiwo nthambi zazikulu 3-4, zomwe ziri pambali zosiyana za woyendetsa, ndipo osati pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake. Nthambi zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi zili pamwamba pa chigawo choyamba pa thunthu pa 60-80 masentimita ndipo pamtunda wa 40-50 masentimita pakati pa wina ndi mzake, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, sichikhala pamwamba pa nthambi za m'munsi, koma pamakhala pakati pawo poziyang'ana kuchokera pamwamba.
M'chaka choyamba, mtengo ukangobzalidwa, m'pofunika kuyesa kutalika kwa thunthu, pafupifupi 60-70 masentimita, kenaka kuwerengera kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 masamba (omwe magulu a mafupa adzakhazikitsidwa) ndi kudula pamwamba pa masamba.
Kasupe wotsatira, kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zakula, tidzakhazikitsa gawo loyamba la korona wamatcheri okoma. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani masamba 3-4, ndipo muwapatse 50-65 masentimita m'litali, woyendetsa pakati adachotsedwa pamtunda wa 60-70 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa nthambi yoyamba ya korona yomwe tapanga kale, pamene tikuwerengera 4 masamba omwe nthambi zoyamba zija zidzakhazikitsidwe gawo.
M'chaka chachitatu nkofunika kupukuta korona, kudula mphukira yomwe ili pamtunda waukulu kwa woyendetsa kapena kukula mkati mwa korona. Samalani kuti nthambi zachiwiri sizikhala motalika kusiyana ndi chigoba nthambi yoyamba, ndipo bwino kwambiri ndi 10-15 masentimita, kudula iwo kufunika kutalika. Timayesa pamtengowo pakati pa mphindi makumi awiri ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi (50-50 cm), kuwerengera masamba 4 mpaka 6 ndikudula pamwamba pa mphukira zapamwamba, adzatipatsa nthambi zachitatu.
M'chaka chachinai, muyenera kuteteza otsogolera pakati kuti akwere pamwamba. Pochita izi, konzani mphunzitsi pa mphukira yofooka pamtunda wa masentimita 50. Nthambi zitatu za nthambi zomwe zimamera zimakhala zazifupi 20 kuposa mphunzitsi wapakati. Zowonjezera zonse za nthambi za chigoba ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 70-80, ndipo ngati ziri zazifupi kuposa kutalika kwake, ndiye akukhudza. Musaiwale kuti kudulira zowonongeka.
Kwa zaka zonse zotsatila, ntchitoyi ndikuteteza kutalika kwa yamatcheri ndi kudulira komweko monga chaka chachinai, kuonetsetsa kuti nthambi zammbali sizipitirira 50 cm.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerengera za zochitika za kubzala ndi kusamalira mochedwa chitumbuwa chokoma.
Korona wamtundu - amadziwika kuti otchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Mukamabzala kambewu kamodzi kasupe, kudulira kumakhala pamtunda wa masentimita 70-80 kuchokera pansi, ndipo mu June, woyendetsa pakati ndi nthambi ziwiri, zomwe zimayenera kukula kuchokera kumbali, zimadulidwa, mphukira zonse zimadulidwa.
Chaputala chotsatira, mu March, tikuyang'ana nthambi zowonongeka kuti zikhale pamtunda wa masentimita 40 mpaka 50, ndipo woyendetsa wamkulu ayenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa nthambi za pamtunda pafupifupi masentimita 20. Mu May, timayesa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pansi pamunsi ndikusankha zotsatirazi awiri otsutsana nthambi. Masamba otsala achotsedwa. M'chaka chachitatu, pamene gawo lapamwamba la korona lakhazikitsidwa kale, nkofunika kuchepetsa wotsogolera okhwima kumene kuli matalala ofooka.
Bushy korona. Mitengo yamtundu uwu ndi yotsika komanso yabwino yosonkhanitsa zipatso, koma imakhala ndi malo ambiri m'lifupi. Mutabzala mbeu mmasika, imachepetsedwa mpaka masentimita 70 kuchokera pansi. Timatengera masentimita 20 kuchokera ku korona ndikuchotsa impso zonse. Mu June, muyenera kusankha 5-6 mphukira zamphamvu zomwe zimakula mofanana, ena onse ayenera kuthyoledwa.
Kenaka kasupe, akuluakulu zigoba nthambi ayenera kuyesa kupereka yopingasa udindo, komanso kudula m'mphepete mwa nthambi 10-12 masamba. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, timatsata kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zachiwiri zomwe zikukula muzowunikira.
M'chaka chachitatu, kupatulira ndi kofunikira - timadula nthambi zachiwiri, zomwe zimadutsa. Pakuti nthambi zachiwiri, zachitatu ndi zapadera m'zaka zotsatirazi timagwira ntchito, monga chaka chachitatu, komwe kuli kofunika kufupikitsa ndi kuchepa.
Nthawi
Kudulira chitumbuwa chokoma m'dzinja Nthawi iyenera kumvetsera kuti ndi kofunikira kuti apange korona wochepa kapena yophika. Odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo, nthambi zosweka zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, mosasamala kanthu za nthawi ya chaka.
Musanayambe kudulira yamatcheri, kumbukiraninso mfundo zonse ndi malamulo omwe amachokera m'nkhaniyi, yang'anani pa mtengo wanu ndikupitiriza, kudziwa bwino kulumikiza mitengo yowonongeka ndi kukhalitsa kwa mtengo wanu.
