Mlimi aliyense amafuna kuyesa m'munda wake zokha mitengo yabwino kwambiri yamaluwa kuti azisangalala ndi mbewu zambiri komanso zokoma.
Komabe, kukoma ndi mtundu wa zokonda zonse ndizosiyana.
Choncho, kuti muwonjezere chidziwitso chanu cha yamatcheri, tidzakudziwitsani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo uwu - "Bullish Heart".
Sitikudziwitsani za kusiyana kwake, komanso za malingaliro ake.
Makhalidwe apadera a chitumbuwa chokoma "Bull Heart"
Mitundu yambiri yamatcheri inabadwa chifukwa cha khama la obereketsa. Imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma, omwe amapezeka mosapita m'mbali ku Russia. Ilo liri nalo dzina lake kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a chipatso, chimene iwo amachipeza mu mawonekedwe okhwima.
Zotsatira za "Bull Heart"
Monga taonera, zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwabwino kwa "Bull Heart" ndi 7-8 magalamu. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo ndi ofanana ndi mtima; mawonekedwe awo ndi ophweka, ophatikizana. Khungu la yamatcheri ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo lili losalala pamwamba. Mtundu wa chipatso ndi wofiira kwambiri, pafupi ndi wakuda. Kupatukana ku tsinde la yamatcheri owuma.
Thupi la chipatsocho ndi lofiira, koma osati lakuda ngati khungu. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kolimba kwambiri. Mapirawa ali ndi madzi ambiri, omwe ali ndi mdima wofiira. Kukoma kwa zipatso zakupsa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, okoma ndi kuthandizira pang'ono kwa asidi. Kulawa kuyamikira kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipatso zabwino "Bull Heart" kulikonse. Mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndi wolemba komanso wosungira, womwe, mukatha kuphika, umakhala ndi mdima wofiira kwambiri wa chitumbuwa.
Mtengo wa Cherry "Mtima Wamtima"
Ukulu wa mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi wa sing'anga, koma malingana ndi kubzala kwa nthaka kungakhale wamtali kapena wotsika. Maonekedwe a korona wa chitumbuwa "Bull Heart" ndi piramidi, safuna kusamalidwa ndi kudulira zambiri.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa korona ndizochepa, chifukwa chake ndi nthambi zing'onozing'ono komanso masamba ochepa. Zipatsozi zimapangidwa makamaka pambali ya mtengo ngati maluwa.
Pereka mtengo wamtengo. Maluwa ndi kucha kwa zipatso za mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa mitengo amapezeka pakati nthawi pakati pa May ndi theka lachiwiri la June, motsatira.
Kufotokozera kwa mphukira
Kukula kwa mphukira za mtengo kumakhudza kwambiri. Kaŵirikaŵiri iwo ali olunjika, ofiira owala. Maonekedwe a masamba omwe anapangidwa pa mphukira, ovate. Masamba a mtengo wamtundu uwu ndi aakulu, obiriwira.
The inflorescences ya Cherry Mtima yamatcheri amakhudza ndi 2-3 chipale choyera maluwa omwe ali a sing'anga kukula. Nkhumba ziri patali kuchokera kwa mzake, musakhudze. Chikho chiri ndi mawonekedwe a galasi.
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi waukulu ndi wokongola kwambiri zipatso, omwe ali ndi apadera kukoma. Kuonjezera apo, "Bull's Heart" ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chotsutsa kutentha, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamatcheri.
Zikuonekeratu kuti polemekeza mitengo yamapula ndi apulo, chitumbuwa chimakhala ndi mantha kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu, chifukwa chake chimafuna chidwi kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, ngakhale kutsika kutentha pansipa ndi 25ºС, mtengowo sunasonyeze kuwonongeka kulikonse.
Mbali yabwino ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakuti sichimakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga coccomycosis. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya yamatcheri yayamba kale kudwala matendawa, sangathe kuwononga "mtima wokonda".
Kuipa kwa chitumbuwa chokoma "Bull Heart"
Tsoka ilo, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zipatso ndi kukana kwabwino kwa mtengo kwa chisanu ndi matenda, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zovuta zingapo. Koma zipatsozo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, monga mvula yambiri, mvula yambiri, yomwe ikuyenda ndi kutentha kwakukulu amasintha kuchokera pamwamba kufika pansi.
Komanso, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa khungu la chipatso, iwo alibe bwino kwambiri kutengedwera, chifukwa ali ndi madzi ambiri. Sungani moyo "Bullish Heart" ndi yaifupi kwambiri ndipo imayenera kuthandizidwa mwamsanga.
Malangizo ndi malamulo odzala yamatcheri "Mtima wa Bulu"
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, sizodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula, komano, ngati simukumbukira malamulo ena - simudzawona zokolola zazikulu. Choncho, cholinga chathu ndikulongosola malamulo akuluakulu obzala Bull's Heart cherries, kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zochuluka za zipatso muzaka zingapo.
Kodi ndi liti pamene mukudzala sapling wa chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Bullish Heart"
Popeza mitunduyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuteteza kutentha, imatha kubzalidwa bwino m'dzinja ndi masika. Ngakhale mulimonsemo ndi bwino kusankha kasupe kukamatera. Ndipotu, mtengo womwe udabzala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ukhoza kulimbitsa molimba m'malo atsopano, womwe udzaloleza, motero, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira yoyamba m'malo atsopano.
Kubzala m'chaka kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka, nthaka ikangokhala yoyenera kukumba.
Nchifukwa chiyani kuli koopsa kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma mu kugwa? Chofunikira chonse cha nkhaniyi ndi chakuti ngakhale sapling yamtundu uliwonse yamatcheri ngakhale chaka chimodzi imakhala ndi mphukira yaitali kwambiri, yomwe ingasokonezeke kwambiri ndi chisanu. Ndipotu, mizu ya mbeu yomwe siidakhazikitsidwe m'malo atsopano, sitingathe kulipira mphukira pa madzi omwe amafunika, omwe ndi otentha ndi kutentha.
Choncho, kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma m'dzinja ayenera kuganizira ambiri zovuta. Choyamba, kukamatera kumachitika masabata angapo isanafike isanayambike ndi chisanu. Inde, kumadera a m'dera la Middle Volga, kubzala kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa September kufikira kumapeto kwa theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa October, zomwe zimafunika ndi nyengo.
Chachiwiri, musanabzala, ndi kofunika kuti muzule ndikutsanulira nthaka kuti pakhale madzi okwanira ndi mpweya m'nyengo yozizira. Chachitatu, asanayambe kubzala, mizu iyenera kuloledwa m'madzi kwa maola awiri.
Komabe, ngakhale chitumbuwa chamtengo wapatali chitagulidwa kale, ndibwino kuti prikopat iyo ikhale yaying'ono m'munda wanu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbande zimalankhulana ndi kugwa mu dzenje la 45º. Malangizo a pamwambawa ayenera kulumikizana ndi gawoli. Dzenje liri lolimba kwambiri lodzazidwa ndi nthaka, ndikuyika mulu pamwamba.
Pambuyo pa chisanu, nthambi zingathe kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga. Pofuna kuti nthambi ndi thunthu zisatenthedwe ndi dzuwa, mmerawo ukhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mapepala apamwamba kapena ndi pepala la plywood.
Malangizo posankha malo ndi nthaka yobzala yamatcheri
Pamene chodzala yamatcheri muyenera kukumbukira kuti mtengo uwu umakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha. Choncho, malo osankhidwa chifukwa chodzala mitundu yambiri ya yamatcheri yamatcheri sayenera kusungidwa ndi mitengo ina yamaluwa ndi nyumba. Ndi bwino kusankha malo kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba kumene kulibe zida zankhanza komanso mpweya wozizira. Kuonjezerapo, kwa zipatso za zipatso za chitumbuwa, mukhoza kupanga mapangidwe opanga, ndikupanga mitsinje yachonde.
Zomwe nthaka ikufunikiraIzi ndi:
- kuchuluka kwa chonde;
- zabwino chinyezi chokhazikika;
- kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya;
- madzi otsika sali apamwamba kuposa 1.5 mamita.
Chifukwa chofunikiratu pamwambapa, njira yabwino kwambiri yamatcheri okoma ndi mitundu ya nthaka monga loam ndi mchenga. Zili ndi katundu yense, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitumbuwa chikhale chokoma.
Osakonzedwe Bzalani mmera pamalo omwe dongo likupezeka kapena mosiyana, mchenga wokha, ngati sali okonzekera pasadakhale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungathe kukonza zofooka za nthaka, kumene kuli dothi lochuluka, pochotsapo ndi mchenga wambiri wa mtsinje.
Mu mchenga wosiyana, ndi bwino kuwonjezera dongo. Ndipo ndithudi, dothi limeneli liyenera kukhala labwino kwambiri kwa zaka 1-2, musanadzalemo mmera.
Sali oyenera kubzala yamatcheri marshland.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji sapling wabwino wa chitumbuwa?
Malangizo Otchuka posankha mbewu yabwino, ndi mizu yabwino komanso yambiri, komanso kukhalapo pa thunthu la malo opatsirana. Pachiyambi choyamba, mudzalandira chitsimikizo chakuti mmerawo ukhoza kukula komanso mwamsanga pamalo atsopano. Kachiwiri - kuti kuchokera mumtengo womwe mudagula kumakula bwino mtundu wa chitumbuwa chimene munagula.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati mtengo sunaphatikizidwe, ndiye kuti unakula kuchokera ku mwala wa kalasi yofunidwa. Popeza ndi kupyolera kwa mbande za mitundu yamatcheri yabwino, mitundu yatsopano ya mtengo umenewu imachokera, pali mwayi waukulu kuti mudzalandiranso mitundu yatsopano pa chiwembu chanu chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi Bull Heart.
Malangizo oti mubzalitse sapling
Popeza mtengo wa Cherry Heart Cherry ndi wausinkhu waukulu, mtunda wokwanira pakati pa mbande mu mzere womwewo udzakhala mamita 3-3.5. Mipata yowonongeka yokha, komanso kuti mitengo ikhale ndi zakudya zokwanira, iyenera kukhala yayikulu. Njira yabwino ikanakhala malo a mamita 4.5-5.
Pitani chifukwa chodzala chitumbuwa chokonzekera mu masabata 2-3. Kuthira kwake kuyenera kukhala kawiri kukula kwa mizu ya mmera, pafupifupi masentimita 60. M'lifupi ndi chimodzimodzi. Mbali zam'munsi ndi zapansi ziyenera kufalikira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamwamba pake iyenera kusakanizidwa ndi ndowa 2-3 za feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza komanso kubwerera ku dzenje ngati mawonekedwe.
Musanayambe nthawi yobzala yamatcheri, nthakayi idzakhala pansi ndipo zidzakhala zabwino kuti muzitha kufalitsa mizu ya mtengo pamtunda.
Kuwonjezera pa feteleza, mtengo uyenera kukumbidwa pansi pa dzenje. Ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuti sapling imangidwe pambuyo pake imakhala yotetezedwa ku mphepo ndipo chisanu cholemera chimasungunuka m'chaka.
Sapling yamatcheri musanadzalemo amafunikanso kuyang'aniranso bwino. Ngati pali mizu youma, nyemba ziyenera kutayika kwa maola 10 m'madzi ndipo izi ziyenera kubzalidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa kubzala mmera kuyenera kukhala motero kuti khosi lazu silinayambe kukhala prikopannoy nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchokera pamtengo akhoza kuyamba kukula mitengo ina, yomwe ingasokoneze kukula kwa yamatcheri.
Kuika maliro ayenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kawirikawiri sagwedezeke kuti idzaze malo pakati pa mizu. Nthaka imagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndipo imathirira mochuluka (mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka 30 malita a madzi). Kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka kudzathandiza kuti mchere ukhale wochuluka kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi humus kapena peat.
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha mtengo wa chitumbuwa "Bull Heart"
Mitengo yonse yamaluwa imadalira kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, iwo anagwidwa ndi njira yosankha, kotero popanda chisamaliro chapadera ndi kudyetsa mitengo sichidzasangalala ndi mbewu zazikulu. Kuwonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri timabzala mtengo kutali ndi malo ake ochizira, ndipo n'zotheka kulimbikitsa bwino mtengo wa chitumbuwa mosamala.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani pa kuthirira yamatcheri?
Choyamba, chinthu chachikulu ndi kusaiwala kuti chitumbuwa chimakonda kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Choncho, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe nthaka imagwirira ntchito. Kawirikawiri kuthirira kumachitika panthawi imodzi pamwezi. Koma, malingana ndi nyengo ndi dothi la mtundu, izi nthawi zonse zimasinthidwa payekha.
Kawirikawiri, mukamwetsa mtengo wachinyamata, simungagwiritsire ntchito zidebe zoposa 3, koma kuthirira kwa chitumbuwa chachikulu ndi chopatsa zipatso, mukufunikira zitsulo 6. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthirira kumachitika mosasamala nyengo (osakhala nyengo yozizira), kuyambira pakufalikira kwa yamatcheri okoma mpaka masamba atagwa. Chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthirira kwa autumn, chifukwa ndi madzi omwe angadyetse mitengo yamatumbu m'nyengo yozizira.
Tiyeneranso kulingalira chikhumbo cholimba cha "Bull Heart" yokoma kuti igawidwe. Choncho, n'zosatheka kulekerera kwambiri mvula yambiri ya nthaka.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za malamulo a autumn chisamaliro cha yamatcheri.
Kudyetsa mtengo wa chitumbuwa "Bull Heart"
Mu chaka choyamba mutatha Cherry "Bull Heart" safuna kudyetsa kwina, chifukwa idzadyetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe timaiika pansi pa dzenje pamene tikudzala. Komabe, pofuna kuthandizira kwambiri kukula kwa yamatcheri okoma, m'chaka chachiwiri ndi bwino kuwonjezera feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Pa 1m2 simukufunika kupanga magalamu 120. Awonetseni pamene mukubzala moletsedwa, chifukwa akhoza kutentha mizu ya mbande.
On chaka chachiwiri Mukhoza kudyetsa feteleza. Kawirikawiri, chitumbuwa cha feteleza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza manyowa, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Pafupifupi 1 lita imodzi ya njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 m2 dothi. Koma sizinapangidwe kamodzi kokha kamodzi kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chowonadi n'chakuti kukhuta kwakukulu kwa zakudya kumatha kusewera nthabwala komanso kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mtengo.
Pakati pa mchere feteleza chitumbuwa chokoma chimakonda superphosphates ndi nitrate. Zimapangidwanso nthawi ndizing'ono. Ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa nthaka, ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi laimu, koma izi ndizochitidwa bwino musanadzale mtengo.
Kodi kuteteza chitumbuwa bwanji chisanu ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana?
Nyengo isanayambe, nthaka yonse yapafupi imasulidwa ndipo imathirira madzi. Ikhoza kuyendetsedwa, ndipo chisanu chitagwa, ndi bwino kukulunga mu tsinde la chitumbuwa. Choncho, ngakhale thunthu kapena mizu ya mtengo sizingatheke.
Pofuna kuti mtengo, makamaka kamera kameneka, asasokonezedwe ndi makoswe, amafunika kukulunga ndi kukwapula. Kuonjezerapo, zidzateteza ku kutentha, koma muyenera kusamala kuti mtengo usagwire pansi. Kuyambira makoswe Angathenso kuteteza ziphe zobalalika kuzungulira mtengowo, kumangiriza thunthu la chitumbuwa chokoma ndi nthambi zowonjezera kapena kuzungulira ndi denga.
M'chaka, isanayambe maluwa a chitumbuwa, ndipo itatha kumaliza, mtengo umalimbikitsidwa kuti utenge sprayed ndi sulphate, urea, kapena mankhwala "30". Amateteza chitumbuwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kudulira kwa Nthambi za Cherry "Mtima wa Mtima"
Young yamatcheri amatha kubereka zipatso kwambiri, komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kochepa kwa mtengo wokha, zipatso zake zikhoza kukhala zochepa kwambiri. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kutchera mphukira za yamatcheri okoma. Izi ndi zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso.
Kuyambira pa nthawi yobzala ndi kofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwa waukulu woyambitsa chitumbuwa. Ndikofunika kuti iye alibe ngakhale alibe mpikisano. Pachifukwachi, makamaka ngati otsogolera akuwonongeka kapena osweka, pakati pa ochita mpikisano muyenera kusankha ndi kusiya imodzi, yomwe mwa lingaliro lanu, idzakhala yokhoza kutsata mtsogoleri yemwe akusowapo. Mitengo imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulphate.
M'tsogolomu, kudula mitengo yonse kudzathetsedwa kuti achotse nthambi zonse zowonongeka ndi nthambi za chitumbuwa. Komanso chotsani nthambi zimenezo zomwe zimatsogolera kukula mu korona.
