Banja lachikulire liri ndi mitundu pafupifupi makumi anayi. M'kupita kwathu, mkulu wakuda nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa.
Zili ngati mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera, kuphatikizapo elderberry ndi mtundu wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kukulitsa akuluberry bwino
Kuyambira nthawi zakale, mkuluyo sanasamalire, anabzala pafupi ndi nyumbayo, amakhulupirira kuti mkulu amayang'ana mizimu yoyipa. Kudyetsedwa bwino ndi zitsamba zokonzekera bwino pamapeto pake zimakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa okongola komanso zipatso zabwino.
Mukudziwa? Mu nthawi zakale, anthu a ku Balkans, kuchita miyambo yowitana mvula, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthambi zawo za elderberry. Pamodzi ndi zomera zina, iwo avala chidole choyambirira, pamapeto pa msonkhanowo nthambizo zinachotsedwa ndi kusefukira.
Kusankha malo oti mubzala mbewu ya elderberry
An elderberry si chomera chopanda nzeru, koma amakonda kuwala kowala. Pezani malo abwino omwe ali kumpoto kapena kummawa kwa chiwembucho. Chomera chimapirira mthunzi wowala, koma kukhalapo mumthunzi kumalepheretsa chitukuko chonse.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya Elderberry ndi masamba obiriwira amafesedwa kokha m'malo a dzuwa, mwinamwake chomeracho chimatha ndi kutaya mawonekedwe ake onse okongoletsera.
The elderberry amatsutsana bwino ndi oyandikana nawo, kuphatikizapo, kukula pafupi chipatso kapena kukongola maluwa ndi mitengo zidzathandiza pollination mtanda. Chomerachi chimaletsa tizilombo, choncho nthawi zambiri chimabzalidwa pafupi ndi chimbudzi kapena chimbudzi.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungabzalidwe
Kukula elderberry wakuda kukuyenera loamy nthaka. Ngati dera lanu lili losavuta, lizikonzekera ndi mandimu. Kubzala kwa akuluakulu amapezeka masika ndi autumn, mu nyengo yofunda. Mmbuluwo umakumba hafu ya mita mamita ndipo umamera ndi feteleza organic ndi phosphorus-potaziyamu. Musanadzalemo nthaka pansi pa dzenje muyenera kumasulidwa. Mbewu imayikidwa mu dzenje, popanda kukulitsa mutu wa mizu. Kenako perekani ndi nthaka yoyera, pamwamba pa mimba ndi tamped. Mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi malita 10 a madzi, nthaka ikadzatha ndikumangiriza nyemba. Mpaka chomeracho chikamera mizu ndikuzika mizu, ziyenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri. M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, chitsamba chidzapereka mtundu.
Zina mwa zochitika za chisamaliro cha elderberry wakuda
Kusamalira elderberry sikovuta, malinga ngati kuli kuwala kokwanira, chinyezi komanso kukonza nthawi. Chomerachi chidzakongoletsa munda uliwonse ndi mtundu wake, ndipo zipatso zobiriwira zazing'ono pa nthambi za pinki zidzakhutiritsa ngakhale kukoma kopambana kwambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi! Makolo athu, Asilavo, anapanga akuluberry ku nthambi ndi kukongoletsa nyumba zawo ndi zipata, mipanda ndi nyumba zina za bwalo. Madzulo a Ivan Kupala, nthambi za akulu zinateteza anthu ndi nyumba zawo kwa mfiti ndi mphamvu zina zamdima.
Kuthirira nthaka
Maereberi amalekerera chilala bwino, koma ndibwino kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa popanda madzi osadziwika. Mitengo yaing'ono imafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, ndipo achikulire amafunikira mvula. Ngati chilimwe sichitha mvula, ndiye kuti kuthirira kwina kuli kofunikira. Makamaka mosamala muyenera kufufuza nthaka chinyezi pa chipatso ovary. Mu nyengo youma ndi yotentha, madzi pansi pa chitsamba 15 lita imodzi ya madzi kamodzi pa sabata. Mfundo yoyenera kuthirira: Nthaka pansi pa shrub sayenera kuuma. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa, kutsukidwa namsongole, kuti mizere ya elderberry ipume mophweka ndipo imachotsedwa zakudya.
Chenjerani! Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mulch pafupi ndi tsinde la chomeracho ndi peat kapena matabwa a nkhuni.
Nthawi komanso momwe angadyetse nthaka
Pa nthaka yochuluka ya michere, elderberry akuyamba popanda feteleza. Koma kumayambiriro kasupe pambuyo yozizira avitaminosis ndi m'chilimwe nthawi ya maluwa, nayitrogeni feteleza sikudzakhala superfluous. Manyowa olimba amwazikana kuzungulira thunthu ndipo amaikidwa m'manda mwa kuwononga, ndipo madzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthirira.
Kuchokera ku feteleza monga feteleza, manyowa kapena kompositi, ndowe ya nkhuku, komanso kutunga kwa manyowa ndi zinyalala. Manyowa a feteleza amafunika ngati chomera chikukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kufooka. Pankhani iyi, pangani zovuta zowonjezera mchere ndi ulimi wothirira. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa chofooka chomera ndi urea. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophwekazi, m'chilimwe mudzasangalala ndi zinyama zazikulu za maluwa akulu akuda, ndipo mugwa mudzapeza zokolola zochuluka za zipatso zabwino.
Konzani kudulira
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudulira zowonongeka kwa nthambi zowonongeka kapena zakuda kumachitika. Kamodzi pa zaka zisanu zapitazi kakhadini akudulira amachititsanso kukonzanso zitsamba zakale. Dulani pang'ono, kusiya kotala la thunthu. Motero, nthambi zatsopano zimakula ndipo makungwa a thunthu amatsitsimula.
Kukonza pang'ono kumapangidwira kupanga korona. Kwa nthawi yaitali kuganizira za momwe mungadulire akuluberry wakuda sikoyenera. Ngakhale mutasintha mwangwiro kuposa momwe mwakonzekera, shrub idzabwezeretsa mwamsanga. Kwa miyezi ingapo, mkuluyo ayambitsa mphukira zatsopano. Kudulira ndikofunikira makamaka mitundu ya elderberry, yomwe imabereka zipatso. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi azitulutsa zipatso.
Njira zoberekera
Njira yabwino yoberekera blackberry wakuda ndi vegetative, ndi njira ya mbewu, mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yosasungidwa.
Mbewu
Kufalikira ndi mbewu ndi kophweka kwambiri. Konzani dothi pasanapite nthawi, kuchotsani namsongole, kukumba ndi feteleza, kumasula ndi msuzi. Mu October, sungani nyembazo ndikubzala m'mabedi kuti mamita atatu masentimita atalikirana kwambiri. Moisten kufesa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, mbewu zimakula kufika 50 cm.
Kuti kasupe kabzala mbeu iyenera kuyendetsedwa. Lembani mbewu kwa masiku asanu, kusintha madzi nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pake, dziwani iwo mu chombo chotsitsimula ndi mchenga wouma ndi sitolo mufiriji kwa miyezi iwiri. Izi zimameretsa mbewu kumera. Pamapeto pake, chotsani kuchokera ku firiji ndikusungira pamalo ouma. Kudyetsa kutentha kumachitika mofanana ndi kugwa.
Cuttings
Cuttings obzalidwa kasupe ndi m'dzinja. Musanabzala zipatso, dothi la acidic liyenera kukhala limed patsogolo nthawi (makamaka chaka). Cuttings kudula 20 cm, ndi awiri kapena atatu internodes.
Green cuttings obzalidwa wowonjezera kutentha zinthu, kuwaza nthaka ndi osakaniza mchenga ndi peat. Pamene mbande zili ndi mphamvu, zimayikidwa mu nthaka yotseguka. Phando limapangidwa 50x50, humus, potaziyamu sulphate ndi kawiri superphosphate akuwonjezeredwa pansi. Kupanga sapling mozama sikofunika. Mtunda pakati pawo ukhale mamita awiri. Pambuyo pofika pamakhala kofunikira kuti mumwe madzi.
Mitengo yambiri imabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kumalo osatha, mofanana ndi zobiriwira. Pambuyo kamera kakang'ono kakale kameneka kakufunika kudyetsedwa bwino - kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kumasula mtengo. Ngati zipatso zadothi sizidabzalidwe mu kugwa, ziyenera kusungidwa kuzizizira ndikubzala m'chaka.
Limbani ndi zovuta zakuda zakuda zakudala
Matenda a akulu akulu wakuda samadziwika. Chomera cholimba ichi samachira, nthawi zina kumenyedwa ndi tizirombo. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zitsamba zimatulutsidwa ndi tizilombo kumayambiriro kwa masika. Njira ya Voloton (20 g pa 10 lita imodzi ya madzi) imathandizira kuchokera ku aphid omwewo ndi nkhupakupa. Kuchokera ku mtundu wa anthu, kulowetsedwa kwa tsabola wa anyezi kapena tsabola wofiira wotentha kumaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza. Pambuyo pa maluwa, kulowetsedwa komweku kumaphatikizidwa pa powdery mildew.
Kawiri pachaka - musanayambe mphukira komanso pambuyo pa fruiting - pofuna kupewa, tchire timapukutidwa ndi mankhwala a 2% a Nitrafen. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi kuti tipewe tizilombo ndi bowa kumtunda wosanjikiza kapena pamakungwa. Chitsulo cha Copper sulphate chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa prophylaxis. Yankho lachisanu ndi chiwiri la urea sikuti ndi fungicide yekha komanso tizilombo toyambitsa chitetezo, koma nayenso feteleza omwe amathandiza kuti chitukuko ndi kukula.
