Arugula ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka kwambiri cha saladi m'mayiko a Mediterranean ndi mafuta odyera ku Asia. Kukula mu malo osatsekedwa kumangowonjezereka, ndipo msika sungapereke mitundu yonse ya mitundu yosiyana siyana, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoweta ndi zakunja ndizogulitsa. Tidzafotokozeranso mitundu yambiri ya arugula ndi yachibale yake, iwiri.
Arugula: dzina limodzi - zomera ziwiri. Momwe mungasiyanitse
Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso pakulima arugula, mwinamwake mwawona kuti zomera zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi dzina lomwelo zikhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi maonekedwe ndi kukoma, kapena mayina osiyanasiyana a zomera akhoza kuwoneka pamatumba omwe ali pafupi ndi dzina lomwelo. Chisokonezo chikhoza kubwera ndi mawonekedwe a chithunzichi. Chilichonse chikufotokozedwa mwachidule: pansi pa dzina la "arugula" zikhalidwe ziwiri zili zobisika.
Dzina la zamalonda limene tinabwera kuchokera ku Italy lero likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu malonda (m'masitolo, pamapangidwe, mu mabuku), pakati pa alimi a zamasamba, akuphika. M'magulu apadera a botanical, dzina lina limagwiritsidwa ntchito - Indow kufesa kampeni, kapena kuchotsa ntchito yofesa (kuchokera ku dzina lachilatini). Chomera ichi ndi cha mtundu wa Indus wa banja la kabichi ndipo ali ndi arugula.
Mukudziwa? Mayina omwe mungakumane nawo arugula: eruka (Latin), saladi ya rocket (English), mbozi (Russian), akuwuka (German), Arugula (American), rugola, rugetta (Chiitaliya), rocket (French), rocca (Greek ).
Chomera cha Inda chaka chilichonse, chotsamira pansi, chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 30-60, chodziwika ndi masamba akuluakulu a zitsamba ndi mapiri. Inflorescence - burashi yayitali yaitali. Maluwawo ndi owala, pafupifupi oyera ndi mitsempha yofiira, nthawi zina akasupe kapena kirimu. Mbeu zofiira, zofiira za arugula, zofanana ndi mbewu za mpiru, zimakonzedwa mu mizere iwiri mu khola 2-3 cm. Green arugula ili ndi zokometsera zokoma.
Tsamba la masamba - malo osatha okhala 40-70 cm wamtali, omwe ali a kabichi. Chomera chochepa ichi m'dziko lathu chikukula ngati chikhalidwe cha letesi la chikhalidwe ndi dzina la malonda "Arugula Wild." Amadziwika ndi masamba osakanikirana omwe amasokonezeka kwambiri. Maluwa ndi achikasu, ndi nthawi - lalanje. Mbeu ndizochepa kwambiri, zofanana ndi mbewu zapoppy, zomwe zimayikidwa mizere iwiri m'makilogalamu 2.5-4 masentimita kutalika. Amadyetsa zokoma kwambiri kuposa za Indo.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha mbewu, samalani maina achi Latin. Eruca sativa ndi mbewu yobzala kapena arugula. Diplotaxis tenuifolia ndiwasiyidwa, awiri, kapena "arugula".
Indow kufesa ntchito
Mu Register Register ya mitundu yabwino yogawira ku Ukraine, mitundu iwiri yokha imalembedwa, komabe mbewu za mitundu yambiri ya Russian ndi European zikupezeka. Ku Russia, mitundu 30 ya indow imalembedwa.
Chiyukireniya kusankha: Mfiti Dokotala ndi Lybed
Mu 2008, mitundu yoyamba ya zokolola zapakhomo Indau inalowetsedwa ku State Register of Zosiyanasiyana Zomera zofunikira kugawidwa ku Ukraine - Dokotala Wamatsenga adakhazikitsidwa pa malo oyesera "Mayak" a Institute of Vegetable Growing and Melon-Kukula kwa National Academy of Agrarian Sciences ya Ukraine (Chernihiv dera), komwe tsopano Mbeu za arugula. Imeneyi ndi yakucha kucha, mphukira zoyamba zimaoneka pa tsiku la 5-6, kuchokera ku mphukira kufikira kukolola zimatenga masiku 27. Tsinde ndi lolunjika, ndi kubzala kobiriwira kwambiri kungatheke. Mphukira imadziwika ndi zofooka za anthocyanin. Masamba ali ndi masentimita 6-10 ndi kutalika kwa 23-25 masentimita, wobiriwira kwambiri wobiriwira. Pa malowa pali masamba 5-7. Maluwa ndi oyera, ndi awiri a 2.2-2.5 masentimita ndi zofiirira mitsempha. Zokolola za 1-1.3 makilogalamu / sq. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kulima mu mbewu zowonjezereka komanso pansi pa zida zamakina zamakono. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwire ntchito kumadera onse a Ukraine.
Mu 2014, zosiyanasiyana Lybed analembetsa ndi Kiev malonda "NK EL_T". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arugula imakondweretsa mbewu yoyamba pasanathe masiku 20 kuchokera kumera. Nyengo yokula ndi masiku 95. Pakhomoli muli masamba pafupifupi 10 a masamba obiriwira opanda pubescence ndi sera ya sera, mapepala oyambirira samasokonezedwa. Kawirikawiri zipatso za arugula Lybid ndi 2.5 makilogalamu / sq. m Izi zosiyanasiyana za arugula zimadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kutsutsana ndi bolting. Mitundu ya arugula Chiyukireniya kuswana yoyenera kulima poyera ndi kutsekedwa pansi.
Poker
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya Indow ndi Poker, yolembedwera mu 2005 ndi Institute of Research for Vegetable Growing in Protected Ground (Moscow) ndi kampani yosamalidwa Gavrish. Mitundu yoyamba ya ku Russia imayamikira kwambiri kukoma kwake ndipo imalimbikitsa saladi ndi mbale zodyera nyama ndi nsomba. Kuyambira kumera kudula masamba kumatenga masiku 20-25. Nthambi yotchedwa arugula "Poker" imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40-80. Masamba obiriwira kwambiri amapanga rosette 18-20 masentimita pamwamba. Mu nthaka yotetezedwa ili ndi masamba 12, poyera pansi - 20-28. Arugula Flower Poker - kirimu. Zokolola za zosiyanasiyana ndi 1-1.3 makilogalamu / sq. M. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kulima mvula m'chilimwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kukolola kwa arugula kusanako maluwa, kenako kukoma kwake kumachepa.
Sicily
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo ya Russian ku Russia, Sicily analowa m'kaundula mu 2006 ndi Company Scientific-Production "Mbewu za Russian". Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyanawa amavomereza kukoma kwa nutty ndi fungo. Masamba akhoza kudyedwa masiku makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu ndi atatu mutatha. Chomera chimakula 60 cm pamwamba. Kukaniza (kumabweretsa chisanu mpaka -6 ºС), koma sichilola kutentha, nthawi yamvula imayambitsa mivi. Masamba a arugula ndi Sirelium lyrate, amagawanika kwambiri, ndipo maluwawo ndi oyera kwambiri ndi mitsempha yofiira. Zokolola zobiriwira ndi 2.5 makilogalamu / sq. m
Mukudziwa? Mwina arugula amatchulidwa m'Baibulo: "Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo adapita kuthengo kukatenga ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo adapeza chomera chokwera, natenga zobvala zake pamtengowo; ndipo anadza nawakwapula m'phika pamodzi ndi mphodza, popeza sadadziwa iwo "(2 Mafumu 4: 39-40).
Rococo
Mitundu yambiri ya Russia yokolola Rococo inalembedwa mu 2006 ndi kampaniyo "Semko-Junior". Zosiyanasiyana ndi oyambirira yakucha: amadyera zipse kwa masiku 20-25. Ili ndi kukoma kokometsera ndi fungo labwino. Masamba obiriwira a sing'anga aang'ono amakhala ochepa kwambiri m'mphepete mwake, amasonkhana muzitsulo ndi kutalika kwa 12-18 masentimita ndi mulu wa 20-25 g. Maluwawo ndi oyera. Zokolola zobiriwira - 1.6 makilogalamu / sq. m
Corsica
Pakatikati pa nyengo ya Corsica yosiyanasiyana inalengedwa ndi kampani yafukufuku wa sayansi ku Russia ndi kampani ya mbewu ya Euro mu 2006. Mbalame imakhala yokwanira kwa masiku 30-32 kuchokera kumera. Mzere wozungulira wa masamba umafika kutalika kwa masentimita 62. Masamba ophweka amakhala ndi nkhope yobiriwira, mtundu wobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe a lyre ali ndi mphako. Maluwawo ndi oyera ndi pinki. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, koma salola kuleza chilala ndipo imakhala yofulumira pa mivi.
Mukudziwa? "Eruca Sativa" ndi "Wild Rocket" - maina a magulu oimba.
Koltivata
Dutch zosiyanasiyana Koltivata analowa zolembera mu 2015. Ndikuyamba kucha: amadyera akhoza kudyedwa kwa masiku 20-25. Masamba akuluakulu a masamba obiriwira amagawanika kwambiri ndipo amapanga rosette 10-15 masentimita pamwamba. Maluwa a chomera ndi zonona. Zokolola za zobiriwira 2.4 kg / sq. m, unyinji wa chomera - 40 g Arugula zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zonunkhira bwino komanso mkaka wa mpiru, masamba ake obiriwira amakhala olemera kwambiri mu mafuta ndi zinthu zathanzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kulima pamalo otseguka komanso otsekedwa.
Mukudziwa? Mu ntchito ya wolemba wakale wa Chiroma Pliny Wamkulu (zaka za zana la 1 AD) "Mankhwala ochokera m'munda wamaluwa" amatchulidwa kuti machiritso a rocket ngati mankhwala, anti-parasitic agent, njira ya khungu yoyera.
Chidwi
Pakatikati pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana Indow Dovkina analembetsedwa mu 2010 ndi All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Industry ndi kampani yaulimi Poisk. Zomwe zimayambira, 18-20 cm high rosette zili ndi masamba obiriwira a lyre ndi mawonekedwe pamwamba. Chikhumbo maluwa ndi zokoma ndi mitsempha ya bulauni. Chomera chomera - 18-20 g. Zipatso zobiriwira - 1.7 kg / sq. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, imakonda chinyezi, imakhala ndi khalidwe labwino kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imayambitsa mvi mochedwa.
Spartak
Izi zoyambirira zosiyanasiyana ndi zokometsera kukoma zinayambira chifukwa agrofirma "Sedek" mu 2012. Zomera zimapsa masiku 24-28. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi masentimita 70 ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 25 g. Masamba a masambawa ndi ochepa, masamba ndi ofiirira, osakanikirana, aatali, ndi ofunika. Maluwa okongola. Zokolola zobiriwira - 2.1 makilogalamu / sq. m
Victoria
Pakatikati pa nyengo arugula Victoria anabadwira ku sitima ya "Sedek" mu 2012. Zomera zimakhala edible mu masiku 28-32 pambuyo kutuluka kwa mphukira. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi masentimita 70 ndi masentimita 22-27 g. Mzere wa rosettewu umakhala ndi masamba osakanizika a mawonekedwe a lyre ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa a Victoria ndi zonona. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola za 2.2 makilogalamu / sq. m
Tsamba lakuda
Mu State Register zomera zomera zoyenera kugawira Ukraine, pali mitundu imodzi yokha ya awiri-leaved awiri-leaved masamba - Gratia ya Italy kusankha. Mgwirizanowo wa ku Russia ali ndi mitundu 13, itatu mwa iwo yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 2017.
Ndikofunikira! Tsamba la masamba awiri ndi tsamba lamasamba awiri ndi mayina awiri a chomera chimodzi chomwe chingapezeke pamsika wamsika. Njira yoyamba idalembedwera mu Definition of Plants High of Ukraine, yachiwiri ikuvomerezedwa ku Russian Federation.
Rocket
Kampani ya Moscow "LANS" inalembedwa pakati pa nyengo ya Rocket zosiyanasiyana mu 2006. Mdima wa Rocket ukhoza kudyedwa masiku 28-30. Mzere wozungulira wa masamba amatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 ndi mulu wa 15-20 g. Masamba apakatikati opapatiza amakhala ndi zofewa pamwamba, zowala zobiriwira, mawonekedwe odulidwa ndi mano pamphepete. Maluwawo ndi achikasu. Mavitamini ali ndi fungo labwino komanso zokometsera za mpiru. Zokolola zake ndi 1.5-2.5 makilogalamu / sq. m
Ndikofunikira! Mizere iwiri ebony euphoria, Taganskaya Semko, Solitaire ndi Rocket mitundu mu 2006-2007 inalembedwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements ya Russian Federation monga mitundu ya Indow kufesa nyengo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kafufuzidwe ka Zh V. Kursheva mu 2009, vutoli linakonzedwa. Lero, chikalatacho chiri ndi malingaliro olondola a botani - tsamba laling'ono la mzere umodzi, koma mu mabuku omwe sali apadera ndi msika wa mbewu apo pakadali chisokonezo.
Solitaire
Mitundu yoyamba yamtunduwu inayamba mu 2007 chifukwa cha Scientific-Research Institute of Vegetable Kukula kwa nthaka yotetezedwa ndi kampani yotulutsa Gavrish ndipo imakonda kwambiri. Solitaire ndi mitundu yozizira yomwe imatha kuzizira kuthengo ndikupereka masamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi yake yakucha ndi masiku 25. Mzere wozungulira wa masamba uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 18-20 ndipo mulu wa zomera ndi 15-20 g. Masambawo ndi osakanikirana kukula ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, wofiira ndi lyre ndi mapafupi pamphepete. Maluwa ndi achikasu. Maluwa ndiwo onunkhira kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mtedza wamphamvu-mpiru wokoma, zokolola ndi 1.4-1.6 makilogalamu / sq. M. Zingadzakulire mu njira yotumizira nthawi ya chilimwe.
Taganskaya Semko
Taganskaya Semko yemwe anali ndi zaka zoyambirira, analembetsedwa mu 2006 ndi kampaniyo "Semko-Junior". Mavitamini amadya mu masiku 20-25 pambuyo pake. Mzere wamtunduwu umakhala wa 15-20 masentimita pamwamba ndipo umapanga 20-25 g ndipo umakhala ndi masamba obiriwira a masamba obiriwira omwe ali ofewa pamwamba ndi mano pamphepete. Maluwawo ndi achikasu. Mavitamini ali ndi zonunkhira bwino ndi zokometsera zokometsera. Zokolola zake ndi 1.3-1.5 makilogalamu / sq. m
Mukudziwa? Kumalo ena akunja mungapeze mayina awiri otsatirawa: malo otchedwa wild rocket (perennial wall rocket), wild rocket, sand rocket (sand rocket), white rocket (white rocket); chilombo cha Italy chamoyo, sylvetta arugula.
Euphoria
Analembedwa mu 2007 ndi bungwe la All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food. Euphoria ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kucha: masiku 35-40 amadutsa kuchokera kumera kuti agwiritse ntchito. Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi chimfine ndi chilala, chiri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 23-25 ndi kulemera kwa 30-40 g. Masamba osakhwima, omwe ali ndi masamba obiridwa amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso kukula kwake, maluwawo ndi achikasu. Zokolola zobiriwira - 3.2 makilogalamu / sq. m
Mtsinje wa Cupid
Pakatikati pa nyengo nyengo yosiyanasiyana ya ku Russia imalowa mu zolembera za mitundu mu 2011 ndi Agrofirm "Poisk". Chomeracho chimasunga khalidwe lake la malonda kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakhala kuchedwa. Masiku 35-38 amapita kuchokera kumera kuti akhale wathanzi. Mbewu imakula mpaka masentimita 20-25 mu msinkhu. Kulemera kwake - 35-38 g. Masamba a masambawa ndi okhuta, ndipo masamba ndi ochepetsera, osowa, obiriwira. Maluwa ndi achikasu. Zokolola za greenery - 2.6-2.8 makilogalamu / sq. m
Mukudziwa? Gulu la malemba apakatikati pa mankhwala azimayi "Trotula", omwe analengedwa kumtunda wa kumwera kwa Italy ku Salerno m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi ziwiri, akunena za ndalama zochokera ku rocket m'magazi komanso kuphatikizapo vinyo m'magulu a amayi.
Olivetta
Mitundu yoyamba ya Russian yomwe idasankhidwa inayamba mu 2011 chifukwa cha kampaniyo "Semko-Junior". "Arugula Wachilengedwe" Mtengo wa azitona ukukula mofulumira: masamba akhoza kudyedwa masiku 20-25. Amakula mpaka masentimita 20-25 mu msinkhu, mtengo waukuluwo ndi 20-25 g. Masamba obiriwira kwambiri amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso fungo labwino. Maluwa a azitona ndi achikasu, mbewu zimakhala zofiirira, zochepa kwambiri. Zokolola za greenery ndi 1.3-1.5 makilogalamu / sq. m 
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, arugula anali zodabwitsa, koma lero pali mbewu za mitundu yambiri zogulitsa, ndipo mndandandawu udzawonjezeka pamene ntchito yobereketsa ikuchitika ndipo msika wobiriwira ukukwera. Ngati muli ndi chidwi chokulitsa chikhalidwe chatsopano nokha kapena ndinu wotsutsa arugula, mudzapeza zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakukhudzeni.
