Catalpa - mtengo wokongola wopezeka m'maiko ena, monga China, Japan, North America, East India, ndi mtundu wa Bignonius.
Mtengowo ndi wamtundu wa deciduous, zokongoletsera. Nthawi iliyonse pachaka, mtundu wa masamba ake ndiwobiliwira, womwe anthu amawutcha wobiriwira nthawi zonse.
Kufotokozera kwamtengo wa Catalpa
Amakula mpaka 30 m, pamene mainchesi thunthu limasiyanasiyana masentimita 15-25. Maluwa omwe ali ngati mawonekedwe a funnel amatulutsa fungo labwino. Mthunzi wa masamba ndi wowawasa, pali malo ang'onoang'ono akuda.
Ma inflorescence ali mowoneka, mwa mawonekedwe a piramidi. Zipatso za mtengowu zimatha kukula mpaka 40 masentimita, kukhala ndi ma pondi achilendo. Zimacha nthangala za mbewu. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi. Komabe, zipatso za mtengowo zimatha kupendekera pafupifupi chaka chonse; kuzizira sikumawakhudza mwanjira iliyonse.
Mitundu ya Catalpa
Popeza mtengowo umamera mndandanda wambiri wa mayiko komwe nyengo ndi yosiyana, ili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yambiri. Pazokongoletsa, sikuti kusiyanasiyana konse komwe kumalimidwa, chifukwa zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa zokongola kwambiri. Ganizirani zodziwika kwambiri, zosagwira chisanu, zomwe zimakula bwino mumsewu wapakati.
Zabwino (zokongola)
Moyenerera amatanthauza mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yamtengowu. Kutalika kwake, imatha kukula mpaka mamita 30. thunthu lake limakhala losalala komanso lonyowa. Korona ali ndi mawonekedwe piramidi lonse, makungwa ndi mtundu woonda, wokhala ndi imvi.
Limalimbana ndi kutentha mpaka -28 ° C. Masamba a mbewuyo ndi okongola, obiriwira wonyezimira. Kutalika kwake, amakula mpaka 30 cm, m'lifupi mpaka masentimita 15. Amasunga utoto wawo kuzizira kwambiri. Ndalama zomwe zimamera pamtengo uwu wokongola woyera, m'madera ena mumakhala kansalu. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Zofanana (bignoniform)
Korona wamtunduwu wamtunduwu amakula mpaka 20 m kutalika, wozungulira mawonekedwe. Makungwa ndi mtundu wa mbale woonda, wokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira.
Masamba ndi ofanana ndi ma lilac, koma amakula kwambiri. Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, mpaka 20 cm, mpaka 15 cm mulifupi.
Mphukira zamtunduwu zimapatsidwa utoto wonyezimira ngati chipale, ndipo nthawi zina pamawoneka zofiira ndi zofiirira pamatchulidwewo. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino, kusonkhana mu inflorescence. Maluwa pawokha ndiotalika 30 cm ndi 20 cm mulifupi
Kutulutsa kwathunthu ndi masiku 20, kumayamba pakati pa Julayi.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Aurea - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yagolide.
- Picta - kukhalapo kwa masamba osiyanasiyana.
- Nana ndi mtundu waung'ono, wozungulira komanso wopanda maluwa.
- Kutenga - ndi maluwa awiri.
- Kene - masamba acikasu achilendo pakati pomwe pali malo owoneka bwino obiriwira, pomwe mitsempha ya mtundu womwewo imachoka.
Ovoid
Kutalika kochepa, kumakula pafupifupi mamita 10, ndipo pamtunda kapena m'munda wa mamita 4 okha. Korona ndiyotakata, ngati mawonekedwe a hema. Maluwa, monga amitundu yakale, ndi opepuka ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Chowoneka ndi masamba atatu amtengowo, kuwasiyanitsa ndi ena.
Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, masentimita 30 ndi 15 cm. Zipatsozi zimakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe a ma nyemba, zazitali masentimita 45. Mboza louma ngati dzira ndiwopanda phindu potengera kusiya ndi kusankha dothi, komanso limakonda dzuwa.
Fargoza
Zowonjezera pama kutentha ochepa. Mwina akukula kumwera kwa Russia. Zamoyo zazing'anga pakatikati, zimafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 20. Masamba omwe amakula pamtengo ndi osavuta mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe ake, ali ndi ubweya wakuda, wobiriwira.
Maluwa a mbewu iyi amakula pinki, nthawi zina pinki. Maonekedwe am'munda ndiwodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukula wamba, mawonekedwe okongola a maluwa komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Kuphatikiza apo, limamasula kale kuposa anzawo.
Zophatikiza
Inapezedwa ndikuwoloka catalps wamba ndi ovoid. Zinapezeka kuti ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumsewu wapakati. Ili pakati pa mitundu ya mitengo yayifupi komanso yapakatikati.
Kukula kwakukulu ndi mamita 16. Korona amakula ngati mtundu wa theka-sphere. Masamba ndiwobiliwira. Maluwa okula amasonkhana mu inflorescence. Timayamikiridwanso kwambiri pankhani yopanga mawonekedwe apangidwe pamalowo.
Kubzala Catalpa poyera
Popeza Catalpa ndi amtundu wa mitengo yokongoletsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yapadera ikufunika pankhani yolima. Zoyambira kubzala ndizofanana ndi zomera zambiri. Ndikofunikira kusankha bwino, dothi labwino la mtengo, kuti mubzale. Ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira, ndikofunikira kale kuchita kuthirira kwokhazikika, ndikofunikira kuti mphukira zazing'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana osavomerezeka sikuletsedwa, komabe, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti palibe phosphorous yochuluka pakupanga kwawo.
Mbewu zonse zimagawika m'mitundu iwiri, pachaka komanso biennial. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale atakhala mtundu wanji, ikamatera ndi chisamaliro ndizofanana. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachindunji mchaka, kumathanso kuchitika mu kugwa, pokhapokha njira masamba atagwa.
Kuwala kumafunikira malo omwe adayeretsedwa bwino ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kutetezedwa molimbika ku mphepo. Izi ndichifukwa choti Catalpa ndi chilengedwe chake chomera chosalimba, makamaka pamapangidwe ake ndizosavuta kuwonongeka.
Mukabzala mitengo yoposa umodzi, kapena pafupi ndi mbewu zina, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda pakati pawo wa mamita osachepera 4. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi chikondi cha mmera pamalo otseguka, ndipo pambali, zikakula, zimafalikira kwambiri. Zomwe mizu imagwiritsa ntchito sizimangotsika, koma imatambasulidwa dothi.
Kapangidwe ka dzenje lakufikira kuyenera kuyamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuya kwakuya, osachepera 100 cm, pomwe m'lifupi mwake muyenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm. Kenako muyenera kukonzekera osakaniza apadera. Muli ndi humus, mchenga, peat, nthaka yamasamba. Zonsezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa, ingowonjezerani za 50 g ya mwala wa phosphate. Zotsatira zosakanikirana ziyenera kuyikidwa mu bowo lokonzedwa kale.
Komabe, izi zisanachitike, pansi kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupanga mawonekedwe otchedwa drainage, makulidwe ake amasiyana kuchokera 12 cm mpaka 15 cm, koma osagwirizana ndi momwe ayenera kukhala osakwana 12 cm.
Drainage ndi mwala wosweka, kapena njerwa yosemphana ndi zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Pakadutsa ngalande, dzenjelo limadzaza ndi dothi. Pambuyo pokhapokha kubzala kwa mizu ya chomera kumayamba. Kenako nthaka imaphwanyidwa pang'ono, kupangika. Mukamaliza ntchito, ndikofunikira kuthirira mmera.
Mukangothirira, ndikofunikira kuthira dothi, peat ndiyabwino pantchitoyi.
Kusamalira Catalpa M'munda
Catalpa amadziwika chifukwa cha chikondi chake chinyezi.
Mukakulitsa mtengo wokongola m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kuthirira nthawi imodzi pa sabata. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndowa ziwiri zamadzi ndizofunikira pachomera chilichonse.
Pali kusiyanasiyana ndi kuthirira kwakanthawi. Izi zimaphatikizapo mitambo, nyengo yamvula. Mvula ikadzala m'deralo, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa katatu pa mwezi. Ngati, m'malo mwake, dera lakhala louma, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa magawo, m'malo mwake, kumakulitsidwa, mpaka katatu pa sabata. Pambuyo kuthirira aliyense, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mozungulira thunthu, osayiwala kuchotsa udzu wobwera kumene.
Mtengowo umayankha mokwanira kuphatikiza feteleza ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana, ngakhale ndi "chidwi" china. Kuphatikiza kwa michere yokwanira panthaka kumafunikanso kuchitika pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa dongosolo la ntchito ya feteleza, pomwe gawo lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo sipayenera kukhala nthawi yochulukirapo pakati pawo.
Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yophukira, mmera umafunika kuvala pamwamba ndikutulutsa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza okhala ndi phosphorous ayenera kupewa panthawi imeneyi.
Kuti chomera chiwoneke bwino kwambiri komanso chosiririka, ndikofunikira kuchidulira pafupipafupi. Masika ndi abwino pa bizinesi iyi, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi masamba anali asanakhale ndi nthawi yopanga komanso kufalikira. Kudulira kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zouma chisanu, zomwe zimakhalanso zouma, zodwala, komanso zowonongeka (zosweka).
Nthambi zokulira mosavomerezeka zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti zizichotsedwa, chifukwa zimawononga mawonekedwe azomera. Ndi kasupe pomwe korona amawumbidwa, ndikupatsa mawonekedwe okongola ofunikira.
Mbande zazing'ono sizimangofunika kutetezedwa ndi mphepo, komanso masheya nthawi yozizira, ngakhale mitundu yosagwira chisanu. Akamakula, mitundu yolemera-yozizira sikufuna izi.
Catalpa kuswana
Kubzala mbewu za mbande ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zichitike kumapeto kwa February, kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi. Izi zisanachitike, mbewu za mbewu zimanyowetsedwa ndimadzi 12 maola. Ngati chodzala chikuyembekezeka mu kugwa, ndiye kuti mbewuzo siziyenera kunyowa m'madzi.
Tekinoloje wamere wambewu:
- M'makontena okonzedweratu ndi dothi lofunikira, amapanga mitengo yachilendo yomwe mbewu zidzagawidwenso.
- Kenako mbewu zimakutidwa ndi dothi, pambuyo pake zimathirira, koma osati zochuluka. Ngati mukulakwitsa, mutha kuwawononga.
- Mukathirira, zotengera zimatsekedwa ndi pulasitiki, kapena zokutidwa ndi galasi kuti apange greenhouse. Zopezazo zimayikidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuli +22 ° C. Tsiku lililonse amachotsa pobisalira kwa mphindi 10, kuti chomera chimangoyala pang'ono.
- Mchipinda chokhala ndi mbande, muyenera kupereka kuwala kokwanira, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mphezi zachindunji za UV sizikufikira mbande, izi zimakhudza zophuka.
- Amayang'aniranso kuthirira, nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo amatulutsa.
Tikugulitsa malo otseguka kumakhala kotheka mkati mwa Meyi.
Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, chomerachi chitha kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula. Zidula zimakololedwa izi kuzungulira mwezi wa Ogasiti. Amadulidwa osachepera 8 cm, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi impso zokhwima, zamoyo. Zodula zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'matumba a mchenga ndi peat. Mothandizidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki amapanga greenhouse kwenikweni. Kusamalira zodulidwa ndendende ndi mbande. Kutsirira pafupipafupi, tsiku ndi tsiku muyenera kuchotsa botolo kwa mphindi 10, kuti mpweya uzitulutsa. Tikugulitsa malo otseguka, monga mbande, kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Catalpa tizirombo ndi matenda
Ngakhale mbewuyo imakongoletsa kwambiri, komabe imakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chokwanira, chomwe chimaloleza kuti chiwonekere kumatenda ambiri. Komabe, mphamvu ya chitetezo chokwanira imangokhala pa chisamaliro chomera. Ngati mumanyalanyaza ma nuances aliwonse, ndiye kuti ngakhale matenda ofatsa kwambiri amatha kugunda mtengo wokongola uwu. Ndipo monga zimachitika kawirikawiri, mwina samathandizidwa ndipo njira yokhayo ndikuchotsera mbewuyo.
Kugonjetsedwa kowopsya kumaphatikizapo ntchentche za spaniard. Zikawoneka, kapena ngati kupezeka kwawo kukayikiridwa, mbewuyo iyenera kuthandizidwa mosachedwa ndi othandizira pothana ndi tizirombo. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimagulitsidwa mwaulere m'misika yamasamba.
Vuto lowopsa ndilo kubwera. Zimayala mphungo mu mtengo wa mtengo, zomwe zimawonongeratu. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, palibe yankho kuvutoli; kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi za mbewuyo kumatanthauza kufa. Komabe, ndikothekera kuteteza mtengowo, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuchita zina zodzitetezera, kuchitira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Palibe chowopsa kuposa tizirombo ta Catalpa ndi matenda a verticillus wilting. Zizindikiro za matenda awa ndi masamba achikasu, ndikugwa. Gawo loyambirira la matendawa limachiritsidwa, chifukwa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga Fundazole. Matendawa atakula kale, ndikosatheka kuchiritsa mbewu, kungochotsa kwathunthu ndi komwe kungathandize.
Komanso, mtengowo umatha kukhudzidwa ndi powdery hlobo.
A Dachnik akuvomereza: kugwiritsa ntchito mphaka ndi malo othandiza
Monga mbewu zonse, maluwa ndi mitengo, Catalpa ili ndi mndandanda wazomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta apadera. Ndi gawo la kuyanika msanga, mafuta ngati amenewo agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yopenta, makampani.
Kuphatikiza apo, alimi amalima mtengawu, chifukwa ndi chomera cha uchi. Catalpa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe apadera, mawonekedwe a mapaki am'mizinda ndi mabwalo, magawo osiyanasiyana a anthu.
Zomera zake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mafuta owonda kwambiri, ma pinkiller amapangidwa pamaziko a masamba ndi makungwa a mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a mbewuyi ali ndi antibacterial katundu.
