Eustoma ndi dimba komanso mbewu yamaluwa. Mpaka posachedwa, duwa silinali lofala, koma lero pamabedi amaluwa ndi zenera la zipinda zamnyumba mutha kuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eustoma - yoyera, yofiirira, yabuluu, yokhala ndi toni ziwiri.
Duwa la Eustoma - mawonekedwe
Lisianthus kapena eustoma ndi duwa losakhwima komanso labwino kwambiri lomwe limakhala ndi masamba, lomwe, ngati kuti, limakutidwa ndi sera, labwino kwambiri. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, amtundu wa makina otentha, osavuta kapena owirikiza, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 8. Ma inflorescence omwe sanayambe maluwa amafanana ndi rosebuds, koma pamene akutulutsa maluwa, maluwa amasintha ndikuwoneka ngati poppy. Chimayambira mpaka masentimita 120, nthambi mwamphamvu, kotero chomera chimodzi kale ndi maluwa odzaza.
Mpaka masamba 35 amapangidwa nthawi imodzi pachitsamba. Maluwa odulidwa amatha kukhala pachifuwa kwa masiku 30.
Mwa njira, ku Netherlands, eustoma ndi amodzi mwa maluwa khumi otchuka, ndipo ku Poland nthawi zambiri amatenga mphotho pazowonetsa. Kunyumba, duwa limakula mpaka 20 cm, ndipo pamaluwa a maluwa mumatha kumera chitsamba mpaka mita 1.5.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya eustoma
Chaka chilichonse, mitundu yatsopano ya maluwa abwino imawonekera m'masitolo apadera. Zomera zobzala zimapezeka kwa wamaluwa kwa akatswiri ndi Amateurs omwe akufuna kukula maluwa akuluakulu owala bwino pabedi lamaluwa. Mukamasankha mbewu, yang'anani kutalika kwa chitsamba, mtundu wa inflorescence, mtundu, malo omwe akukula. Mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri, motero zimagulitsidwa mwamafuta.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa ku Amateur akulimbikitsidwa kuti azisankha mitundu ya pachaka ya eustoma, chifukwa ana azaka ziwiri akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma izi zidzafunika kudziwa komanso kudziwa.
Mitundu yayikulu ya eustoma
| Gulu | Kufotokozera | Kutalika (masentimita) | Kalalak |
| Wamtali | |||
| Aurora | Gawo la pachaka. Oyambirira, maluwa ataliatali. | Kufikira 120. | Terry yoyera, yabuluu, yabuluu kapena yapinki. |
| Heidi | Chomera chimapanga chitsamba chophulika, mawonekedwe a inflorescence koyambirira. | Pafupifupi 90. | Mitundu iwiri ndi amtundu umodzi, womwe umapezeka pafupi pa tsinde. |
| Flamenco | Zapamwamba kwambiri. Pewani kudwala. | Pafupifupi 125. | Mitundu yayikulu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera, yabuluu, yapinki, yokhala ndi mawu awiri. |
| Chotsikitsidwa | |||
| Florida pinki | Zosiyanasiyana zamkati, kuchokera ku maluwa mungathe kutolera maluwa abwino. | Osapitilira 20. | Wotetemera pinki wokhala ndi zingwe zomata. |
| Mermaid | Osalemekeza oweta nyumba. | Mpaka 15. | Zosavuta, mpaka masentimita 6, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. |
| Belu laling'ono | Amatsitsidwa ndi inflorescence yomwe ili zolimba pa tsinde. | Mpaka 15. | Zachilendo, zazing'ono, zosiyanasiyana mithunzi. |
Komwe kuli bwino kukula - mu kama wamaluwa kapena kunyumba
M'nyumba kapena dimba chomera cha eustoma? M'mbuyomu, lisianthus anali wobzala kunyumba kokha, koma masiku ano mbewu zodzalidwa pamaluwa zimagulitsidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mapiri a mapiri, osakanikirana amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Maluwa amayamba pakati pa chilimwe, chimatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Tchire limodzi limamasula kwa miyezi inayi.
M'madera akumwera. Pakakhala nyengo yabwino, ngati mutadula duwa m'nthawi yake, mphukira zatsopano zimachokera ku muzu ndipo eustoma idzaphukanso. Komabe, mumsewu wapakati ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa izi.
Ngati mukufunikira kubzala maluwa pofika tsiku linalake, ndikokwanira kubzala mbewu malingana ndi dongosolo.
| Kufesa mbewu | Maluwa |
| Novembala-Disembala | Juni |
| Pamapeto pa Disembala | Julayi |
| Mid january | Ogasiti |
| Mapeto a january | Seputembala |
Eustoma ndi maluwa omwe amatha kulekerera zipatso zazing'ono. Chovuta chachikulu choyambitsa wamaluwa ndiko kukolola mochedwa mbewu. Mukakonzekeretsa zinthu mu April, masamba sadzakhala ndi nthawi yoti awonekere.
Zofunika
- Madera otentha.
- Mulingo woyenera wa nthaka ndi humus ndi kuwonjezera kwa peat.
- Njira zabwino kwambiri zoberekera zimachokera ku mbewu. Njira yodulira sikutheka.
- Mtengowo umathiriridwa dothi likauma, chinyezi chambiri chimakhala chowopsa pach chitsamba.
- Maluwa atayamba, chitsamba sichingasinthidwe, apo ayi mizu imafa.
- Kunyumba, lisianthus amakula m'malo abwino.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kukula chitsamba chokongola komanso chamaluwa kunyumba sikophweka ngakhale kwa alimi odziwa. Njira yake ndi yayitali, yovuta. Chovuta chachikulu ndi mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri, ndizosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Vuto lachiwiri ndi kumera kotsika kamene kamabzala zinthu (kuchokera pa 100 mbewu, zosaposa 60 pamizu).
Algorithm ya zochita:
- pakati pa dzinja amayamba kukonza nthanga;
- chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi gawo lochepetsedwa komanso lopanda nitrogen;
- mbewu zimabalalika pamtunda ndikusakanizidwa;
- kuchokera pamwamba pake mumakhala yokutira ndi polyethylene;
- mabowo opanga mpweya mu filimuyo;
- ngati pakufunika kuwunikira kowonjezera, ikani nyali;
- chinyezi ziyenera kusamalidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mbande.
Kutentha kwakanthawi: +20 ºC masana ndi +14 ºC usiku.
Mukawona momwe zinthu ziliri ndi tekinoloje, mphukira yoyamba imawonekera patatha masiku 14, kuti muchepetse kukula kwawo, amathandizidwa ndi yankho la mankhwala apadera. Pakaphuka masamba awiri athunthu, mbandezo amazidulira m'zotengera zina. Zomera zimasinthidwa kukhala maluwa patatha miyezi itatu.
Kuswana kunyumba
Kuti lisianthus duwa nthawi yachisanu, mbewu zimabzalidwa kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kugwa koyambirira.
Algorithm ya zochita:
- chidebe chimadzaza ndi gawo lapansi (chisakanizo chamchenga, peat);
- mbewu zimabalalika pamwamba;
- zotengera zimayikidwa m'malo otentha;
- nthawi zonse utsi pansi.
Pakaphuka mphukira, kuthirira kuyenera kudulidwa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi nthawi youma pang'ono. Masamba athunthu akapangika, tchire zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika yosiyana.
Mitundu yamkati imafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezereka, kupezeka kwa mpweya. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti boma liyenera kutentha - pakati pa +19 ºC ndi +22 ºC.
Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi okhazikika. Mabasi safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Manyowa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba oyamba. Ma feteleza ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pamwezi. Mlengalenga mukayamba kutentha, eustoma imatulutsidwira kuchilime chatsopano. Zomwe zimayambira zimadulidwa, kusiya masamba awiri.
Eustoma m'munda
Zomera m'mundamo, maluwa a eustoma amakula kuchokera ku mbewu. Zofesedwa kuyambira Disembala mpaka Januware, kuti masamba amapezeka nthawi yayitali kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Julayi. Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mbale zapulasitiki zodzaza ndi gawo lapansi lomalizidwa. Chidebe chilichonse chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira, ndikupanga zotulukazo.
Kwa miyezi ingapo, mbande ikufunika:
- kuponya mpweya ndi kulowa kwa mpweya;
- kuyatsa kowonjezera;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa February, magalasiwa amawasinthira ku sunniest komanso kuwala kwambiri kwawindo. Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, mbandezi zimathiridwa msuzi ndi Fundazole solution. Akangotulutsa timapepala tathunthu pambewu, eustoma imasinthidwa kukhala miphika. Zotetezazo ndizophimbidwanso ndi filimu, koma zotsegulidwa masana kuti mpweya wabwino ufike.
Kwenikweni mu sabata limodzi mbande zimamera kawiri ndipo mu March zimasinthidwanso m'miphika yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusungabe dongo.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolowererapo tchire pa Meyi, chifukwa kutalika kwa chisanu ndikochepa. Ndikofunikira kusankha gawo lotetezedwa ndi mphepo, yomwe ili ndi kuwala bwino.
Momwe mungabzalire mbande za eustoma:
- ndikofunikira kukonza dzenje;
- kuthira madzi;
- osayeretsa nyemba zadothi, ikani mbande pakati pa dzenje ndikuwaza ndi dothi;
- kuphimba ndi chidebe cha pulasitiki (sichiyenera kuchotsedwa kwa masabata osachepera awiri).
Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa mabowo ndi masentimita 10. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe kake - kwa mbande zazing'ono za eustoma, chinyezi chambiri komanso kuperewera kwake ndizovulaza.
Malangizo Othandiza
- Pambuyo pa masamba 6 mpaka 8, tsinani pamwamba pamtengowo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange korona wa volumetric.
- Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika mwezi umodzi - feteleza wa mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma yankho limakonzedwa pang'ono.
- Maluwa owoneka.
Lisianthus pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa atatha, nthambi zimachotsedwa, koma osati kwathunthu - zimasiya masentimita angapo (awiri oyambira, kuti maluwa otsatirawa azikhala). Mphamvuzi zimayikidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha sikukwera pamwamba pa +15 ºC. M'miyezi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsamba chija chimasinthidwa kukhala dothi lokha mchaka, ndikubwera kwa masamba atsopano.
Pang'onopang'ono mubwezeretsenso njira yakale yosamalira:
- kuyatsa kowala;
- madzi othirira;
- kuvala pamwamba.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
| Vutoli | Zifukwa | Kuthetsa mavuto |
| Matenda ofala kwambiri: imvi zowola, ufa wowonda | Kusagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa nyengo (kuzizira kwambiri) ndi mulingo wanyontho. | Kukonzekera: Topsin, Saprol. Amasinthidwa, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylaxis (mbewu zathanzi zimachiritsidwa). |
| Tizilombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, udzudzu wa bowa, aulesi, zovala zoyera. | Kuyandikana ndi matenda opatsirana, chisamaliro chosayenera. | Chithandizo cha mankhwala: Mospilan, Confidor, Fitoverm. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala pano amati: momwe ungayang'anire maluwa eustoma motalika
Dulani inflorescence imayimilira mu vase kwa mwezi umodzi. Pakukulitsa moyo wa eustoma, ndikofunikira kusintha pafupipafupi madzi kuti akhale oyera, kupewa mawonekedwe a mabakiteriya. Kuphatikiza apo, nthambi ziyenera kulandira chakudya chokwanira.
Malangizo:
- kale m'madzi, zimayambira ziyenera kudulidwa mosazindikira;
- ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi lumo wamafuta kapena mpeni;
- masamba obatizika m'madzi ayenera kuchotsedwa;
- dulani tsinde, ikani machesi kuti madziwo azilowera mosavuta.
Kuposa zonse, eustoma imasungidwa m'madzi okhazikika, osasankhidwa. Mutha kuthana ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'madzi motere:
- ikani chinthu chasiliva mu bokosi;
- kutsanulira phulusa m'madzi;
- Sungunulani piritsi ya aspirin; mapiritsi angapo a activate a kaboni angagwiritsidwe ntchito;
- Sungunulani supuni yamchere m'madzi.
Madzi amafunika kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zimayambira ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi opanda kanthu. Ndipo akatswiri amapereka kuti apereke chakudya cha eustoma motere:
- onjezerani supuni ya shuga;
- gwiritsani ntchito mayankho apadera.
Zakudya zamtundu zimasinthidwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi.
Ma Eustomas ali ndi zabwino zambiri - mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imakhala yatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali atadula, amapanga chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Mosiyana ndi duwa, eustoma ilibe minga.
