Anyezi-batun wokhala ndi nthenga zowawa kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi ndodo yolumikizira, fistula kapena Chitata, adalimidwa kalekale ku Russia. Chikhalidwechi ndi cha osatha a banja la anyezi. Batun imamera pamalo otseguka komanso otetezedwa, imakula bwino ndi masamba obiriwira pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi zoyambirira.
Zakudya zamafuta, okhala ndi masamba osakhazikika komanso odziwa zinthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi mankhwala. Achichaina amawona kuti ndi opatsirana mwaukadaulo komanso woganiza. Ku Europe, batun ndi lotchuka ngati leek. M'minda, imamera chifukwa chofuna kupukusa mungu; ndi uchi wofatsa womwe umatha nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera ndi phindu la anyezi
Anyezi okhala ndi gawo lawo lapansi ali ofanana ndi ma turnips, chitoliro chokhala ndi phesi la maluwa nawonso chikuwoneka chaka chachiwiri. Batun imapanga chitsamba pakukula. Ma pseudobulbs ndi osalala, osapangidwa, mizu yowonda kwambiri imatuluka pamtunda uliwonse ndipo masamba 6 nthawi imodzi. Mu chikhalidwe chosatha, masamba ndi mizu amafa chaka chilichonse, masika atsopano amatuluka. Nyengo, amadyera amadulidwa katatu. Kuchokera kuthengo amalandila mpaka 10 makilogalamu nthawi yachilimwe. Zochulukitsa zowonjezereka zimakhala mpaka zaka 6. Kufalikira kwa batuni ndikobiriwira: ndi mbewu ndi kugawaniza kwa chitsamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito batun mumtundu wapamwamba wa flavonoids, phytoncides, michere, mavitamini, mafuta ofunikira. Anthu okhala kuchilimwe ndi alimi amasangalala ndi ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira zomwe zimakoma mosiyana ndi anyezi wina wobiriwira. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala chosasinthika kutentha, chimapilira kuzizira panthaka mpaka -8 ° C. Zimakhazikika munthaka, zimalekerera mosavuta kufalikira.
Zosiyanasiyana anyezi
Obala nthawi zonse amatenga nawo mbali pakulima mitundu yopanga matekinoloje ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakolo. Mitundu yambiri imalimidwa ku Russia, zambiri zodziwika bwino za izo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula kwachangu, zokolola zambiri za greenery, zalembedwa pagome.
| Gulu | Kufotokozera Kutalika (masentimita) | Kugwiritsa |
| Mauta oyambilira | ||
| Epulo | Nthenga zazing'ono zokhala ndi zipatso zabwino. Pafupifupi 45. | Ankakonda kupanga saladi. |
| Chifundo | Olimba, nthenga zowoneka bwino, ndimaso akuthwa owoneka bwino. 35. | Universal, yomwe ilipo m'mbale zambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito palokha. |
| Kukongoletsa kobiriwira | Saladi, nthenga zake ndizovomerezeka, peninsular. Mpaka 75. | Imagwiritsidwa ntchito palokha, ndi yabwino pouma komanso ngati yamzitini. |
| Pierro | Nthenga zosagwira, kuzizira, nthenga zofewa, peninsular, zotsekemera. Pafupifupi 40. | Kuphatikizidwa ndi Chinsinsi cha saladi. |
| Mauta apakati pa nyengo | ||
| Pikiniki | Pokana matenda, nthenga ndi zokometsera, lakuthwa pang'ono. 50. | Kukula kuphika maphunziro achiwiri. |
| Kukula kwachi Russia | Masamba ndi osiyanasiyana, wandiweyani, odzaza. Kufikira 70. | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutayirira, kupanga zotsekemera. |
| Zima Russia | Saladi, nthenga zofewa, ndi zowawa pang'ono. Mpaka 30. | Zokoma zatsopano, zimabwera ngati kuwonjezera pa saladi. |
| Kebab | Nthenga zake zimakhala zowonda, zopepuka, zofewa, zamafuta. Imafika 50. | Yoyenerera maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri, ma toppings a ma pie, kusungidwa kunyumba. |
| Meyi | Mochedwa, nthenga zimakhala zofewa, zowawa ndi kuwawa pang'ono. 40. | Kugwiritsa ntchito pokonza zokometsera yoyamba ndi yachiwiri maphunziro, owonjezeredwa ku saladi. |
Mitundu ya saladi ya haibridi yophulitsidwa ku Holland imakhalanso yotchuka: Parade, Performer.
Mfundo zazikulu ndi njira zokulira anyezi
Chikhalidwecho chimamera ndi mbeu monga pachaka komanso osatha; mmalo mwa mbande, pseudobulbs omwe amapezeka pogawa mayi chitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amadyera amatha kupezeka pamalo otseguka, otetezedwa, omwe adakhazikika pawindo. Kutalika ndi chisamaliro sizitenga nthawi yayitali.
Kubzala mbewu za mbande kumachitika mu Januware-February, patatha masiku 35, mphukira zoonda zimasulidwa kumunda. Mu greenhouse kubzala anyezi kumapeto yophukira "chisanachitike" kapena kumapeto kwa masika, pamene masentimita pang'ono amatentha. Kusiya kumakhala kuthirira komanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba pafupipafupi, mpaka katatu pachaka. Yambitsani feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu.
Chaka chimodzi
Pakubzala pachaka, mbewu zosagwira ozizira zimasankhidwa, mbewu zimabzalidwe m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mbande zoonda pambuyo masabata awiri kukula. Ngati malo obzala adakhuthala, amadyera adzayamba kutenthetsa, zowola zimayamba. Mitundu ya mphukira siidulidwa m'chilimwe. Batun wazaka chimodzi amatuta mu yophukira limodzi ndi ma pseudobulbs, omwe amakumba ndi pitchfork. Ndi njira yobzala iyi, ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zochepa ndi nthenga zofewa.
Zapakati
Kusoka kumachitika chimodzimodzi ngati kulima pachaka, nthawi yomweyo. M'dzinja, zimayambira sizikumbidwa, koma kumazizira. M'nyengo yotsatira, kukundani zitsamba ndikofunikira, izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse:
- kumayambiriro kwamasamba, masamba akangomera;
- nthawi yotentha, pang'ono kapena pomwepo;
- kukumba zomwe zatsalira pakugwa.
Osayamba
Pakulima kwanthawi yayitali, mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka:
- koyambirira kwam'mawa, ngati mukufuna kupeza nthenga m'chaka choyamba cha kulima;
- nthawi yotentha, kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi;
- m'dzinja, ndikusamba kwazizira pafupipafupi nthaka isanazizire, "nyengo yachisanu isanazizire".
Woyamba kubzala masamba nthawi ya masika kufesa amachotsedwa mwezi umodzi isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Anyezi ayenera kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu - kukula ndi nthenga.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala ndi chilangizi amalangiza: zanzeru zazing'ono pakukula anyezi
Ngakhale kusamala kosamalira wobiriwira kosatha, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo muukadaulo waulimi:
- chikhalidwe chimafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma moyenera, madzi akamayenda, mpweya suulowa m'nthaka, anyezi amadwala, amayamba kutuluka chikasu;
- masiku atatu lisanadulidwe, bedi la mundawo lidakhetsedwa bwino, kotero kuti masamba ndi otanuka, amasunga mawonekedwe awo nthawi yayitali;
- mutakulitsa anyezi-mpiru kapena mbewu zina zophatikiza, osalimbikitsidwa kuti abzale batun; nematode, ma spot spot, ma bacteria atizilombo atha kukhala mu dothi;
- mbewu zabwino zam'mbuyomu zomwe zilibe matenda wamba ndi anyezi ndi pafupi (phwetekere, mbatata), kaloti;
- pa nthenga za nyengo yozizira, nthenga zimasankhidwa kuti zikasungidwe muzomera zazaka 2-3 zokhala ndi chitoliro chofutira - babu lambiri, ali ndi mizu yamphamvu, amasintha mwachangu, amakula;
- chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwamera koyambirira, matalala pamwamba pamalopo adadzaza ndi humus, wokutidwa ndi kanema - wowonjezera kutentha adzatentha msanga pansi pa thambo;
- utoto uliwonse wa nthenga, nthaka imalemera, ngati gwero la nayitrogeni, wogwiritsa ntchito manyowa; phosphorous ndi potaziyamu michere michere amawonjezeramo;
- mbewu ya anyezi yofesedwa pa mbande kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, motero zidzakhala zotheka kubzala misa yobiriwira mwezi umodzi isanakwane.
Maluso oterowo, malinga ndi mfundo zoyambirira za chisamaliro cha anyezi, amonjezera zokolola za ndodo mpaka nthawi 1.5.
