Oncidium ndimtundu wa herbaceous perennials a banja la Orchidaceae. Malo ogawa Central ndi South America, kumwera kwa Florida, Antilles.
Oimira amtunduwu ndi epiphytes, koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lithophytes ndi zomera pamtunda. Maluwa amafanana ndi agulugufe akuwuluka kunja kwa pupae. Chifukwa chake, oncidium imatchedwanso zidole zovina.
Zosiyanasiyana za oncidium ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawasamalira
Pali mitundu yoposa 700 ya ma orchids oncidium, osaphatikizapo mitundu yosakanizidwa.
Amasiyana mu mitundu ya maluwa ndi nthawi yomwe adapangidwa, kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo komanso zinthu zina zingapo.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Maluwa, nthawi yamaluwa awo | Kutentha kwazinthu | |
| Chilimwe | Zima | |||
| Moth | Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe a mabo. Pseudobulb imapereka peduncle imodzi kwa zaka zingapo. | Malo ofiira, ofiira, amtundu wachikasu, milomo yachikasu yokhala ndi zofiirira zofiirira. Gulugufe wokongola ngati nyerere. Ogasiti - Seputembala. Masabata 2-3. | + 25 ... +30 ° C | + 15 ... +19 ° C |
| Lanza | Masamba olimba minofu, obiriwira opepuka, okhala ndi madontho a khofi pang'ono kuzungulira m'mbali. | Maolive, okhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono a bulauni (5 cm), milomo - yoyera-yapinki. Fungo lokoma. Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. | ||
| Brindle | Amakula mpaka 1 mita 2-3 masamba achikopa. | Wofiirira-wofiirira, wokhala ndi milomo yayikulu yachikasu. Mu Seputembala - Disembala kwa mwezi. | +20 ... +25 ° C | + 12 ... +16 ° C |
| Zokongola | Kutalika (mpaka 1.5 m). Masamba amakula kuchokera ku babu imodzi, yowongoka komanso yolimba. Mtundu - wobiriwira mwakuya ndi tint yofiirira. | Chikasu chowala (8 cm). Novembala - Disembala. | ||
| Twente | Kutalika, kufalikira, masamba obiriwira ozama. | Chikasu chaching'ono. Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. | Mpaka +22 ° C | + 7 ... +10 ° C |
| Warty | Kutalika (mpaka 1.5 m). Lifupi masamba obiriwira. Zoyenda Zosiyanasiyana (mpaka ma PC 100). | Utoto wa Canary wokhala ndi madontho ofiira. Ogasiti - Seputembala. | ||
| Msuzi Wotsekemera | Pabwino Kuchokera babu kupanikizika mwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mnzake, palibe masamba opitilira 2 omwe amakula, mtundu wobiriwira wowala. | Chachikulu (3 cm). Januwale - Disembala. Kawiri pa masabata awiri. | + 14 ... +25 ° C Amamva kunja kwambiri. | + 10 ... +22 ° C |
| Kununkha | Pabwino Zoyenda Zosiyanasiyana (zopitilira 100). | Choyera, chachikaso chopepuka, chapinki, chofiirira chakuda (1.5 cm). Kukoma kwa vanila kosangalatsa. Januwale - Disembala. Kawiri pachaka. | ||
Zinthu zofunikira pa kukula kwa oncidium
Kusamalira orchid oncidium kumakhala pakupanga, ngati kuli kotheka, malo oyandikira zachilengedwe.
| Parameti | Zochitika |
| Malo | Kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa. Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi m'chipindacho. M'chilimwe, pampando wakunja. |
| Kuwala | Wabalalika. Kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Chaka chonse kwa maola 10-12. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyang'ana kumbuyo ndi phytolamp. |
| Chinyezi | 50-70%. Pa masiku otentha komanso nthawi yozizira yotenthetsera, sansani mosamala osakhudzana ndi maluwa. Kupukutira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, dothi lonyowa lomwe limakuliramo. Kuchotsa pomwe kutentha kumatsikira pansi pa +18 ° C. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Ndi yogwira kukula pambuyo mawonekedwe a peduncle, feteleza kwa maluwa. Muzu - sinthani mlingo wake kawiri, mwachangu - kangapo. Kuphatikiza, kudyetsa kamodzi kwa masabata awiri. Mukatsegula mitundu, imani. |
Zida zakuthirira
Chomera chachikulire pakumakula yogwira - kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Zosagwira - kamodzi pa miyezi 1-2. (yang'anani gawo laling'ono kuti liume - 10 cm).
Njira:
- Chidebe chamadzi ofunda chimakonzedwa (pang'ono kukula kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda).
- Imira pamphika wa orchid kwa ola limodzi.
- Amachotsa madziwo, amalole ndikuwuma.
Pakawonekera pseudobulb yatsopano, kuthirira kumatha. Mukapangira peduncle (pakatha mwezi umodzi), chitani monga mwa nthawi zonse. Pambuyo maluwa, nyengo isanazike.
Tikufika
Orchid sakonda kusokonezedwa. Chifukwa chake, kupatsirana kumachitika pokhapokha: kuchulukitsa kwa mphika wa maluwa, kuzungulira mizu, kuwonongeka kwa gawo lapansi. Imachitika, monga lamulo, patatha zaka 3-4.
- Tengani dothi la zipatso zamaluwa kapena kukonzekera nokha: tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta pine bark, makala, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, zodulidwa zodulira (zofanana zofanana).
- Kuti mupewe zovuta zina, onjezani mchenga wowuma, choko chophwanyika, njerwa yofiyira (10%). Sterilize (nthunzi, mu uvuni).
- Maluwa amachotsedwa, kumizidwa m'madzi kwa maola atatu.
- Dulani mizu yonse yowonongeka, kudula zigawo ndikuyika makala. Siyani kwakanthawi kuti ziume.
- Tengani mphika wa pulasitiki wosaya ndi mabowo. Dzazani ndi chosanjikiza cha 1/3 (dongo lokulitsa, miyala), yokonzedwa ndi gawo lapansi (3 cm).
- Pseudobulb wakale wa orchid amayikidwa masentimita awiri kuchokera m'mphepete mwa chidebe, ndipo wachichepere amatsogozedwa kupita pakatikati.
- Nthaka imawonjezeredwa, ndikusiya ma pseudobulbs ndikutulutsa ndi wachitatu, kuphimba ndi moss wonyowa.
- Pakupita sabata limodzi, mbewuyo siithiriridwa madzi.
Kuswana
The orcidium orchid imafalitsidwa ndi njira ziwiri: kugwiritsa ntchito babu kapena kugawa chitsamba.
Bulba
Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi mababu 6 kapena kuposerapo, mphukira zitatu zimasiyanitsidwa mbali zonse ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Magawo owazidwa makala. Oncidium simadzidulira madzi isanachitike komanso itadutsa (pambuyo pa masiku 7).
Kugawanitsa
Mbali iliyonse 3 mphukira zitatu zimasiyanitsidwa.
Nthawi zina chomera chimapereka chiwombankhanga chaching'ono, chimangolumikizidwa kwa chomera.
Zolakwika ndi yankho lawo, matenda, tizirombo
Orchid amatha kudwala ngati simutsatira malamulo oyambira chisamaliro.
| Mawonekedwe pamasamba, etc. | Chifukwa | Njira Zothetsera |
| Kuvunda. | Madzi. Chinyezi chambiri chakukula pakumera komanso mkati mwa masamba. | Sinthani kuthirira. |
| Mapangidwe a bulauni mawanga. | Bacteria kapena fungal matenda. | Zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, mabala a makala amachiritsidwa. Onjezerani pafupipafupi kuthirira. Ventil chipinda. |
| Puckering, kuphatikizapo mababu, kuyanika kwa malangizowo. | Kupanda kuthirira, mpweya wouma. | Pangani malo okhala. |
| Maonekedwe oyera mawanga, komanso pamaluwa. | Feteleza zochuluka. | Kudyetsa koyenera. |
| Kukongoletsa ndi kugwa kwamaluwa. | Dzuwa lowala. | Kuyang'ana. |
| Maonekedwe a nkhungu, mizu ya bulauni, ntchofu, chinyezi pa masamba ndi maziko. | Zovunda. | Madera okhudzidwa amachotsedwa. Magawo amakonzedwa. Zomera zimasulidwa, nthawi zina zimamwetsedwa ndi maziko a msingi. |
| Kupangidwe kwa malo oyera oyera, kuphatikiza mababu atsopano. | Bakiteriya zowola. | Zomwe zimakhudzidwazo zimadulidwa, kuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid. Pambuyo masabata atatu, bwerezani. |
| Kutseka babu ndi zokutira waxy, thonje loyera la thonje. | Mealybug. | Ikani chithovu cha sopo pa sopo Utsi ndi mankhwala a Actar, tsekani chomera ndi phukusi kwa masiku atatu. |
| Kubera msana, maonekedwe a mitsempha. | Spider mite. | Smear yankho la sopo. Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, kumanulira zochulukira ndikuthira, valani chikwama. Kukonzedwa ndi Actellik, Actar. |
