Kuti mupeze kaloti kumayambiriro kasupe, yesani kubzala nthawi yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa osati nthawi yokwanira, mitundu yoyenera kudera lanu, komanso zinsinsi zina.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za yophukira kubzala kaloti
Kutchera pansi pa nthawi yachisanu kumapereka zinthu zabwino zotsatirazi:
- Zokolola za Vitamini zitha kupezeka kale. Ngati mbewu zaphimbidwa ndi filimu, ndiye kuti muzu wobera umacha mwezi umodzi isanachitike.
- Zima ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa masankhidwe achilengedwe, mbewu zotsalira ndizolimba kwambiri, ndipo kwa iwo zipatso zabwino zimapezeka.
- Palibe kuchepa kwa chinyontho, chifukwa chisanu chosungunuka chimapatsa tumphuka tating'ono ndi madzi oyenera.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa mizu timagona kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizaponso kukonzekera kwa kulima kwa nyundo ya kaloti kuwombera. 
Kaloti
Simungabzale kaloti m'dzinja ngati mukufuna kusunga zokolola kwa nthawi yayitali. Muyenera muzidya nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira.
Subtleties yozizira kubzala
Kubzala kaloti m'nyengo yozizira ndikosavuta, koma muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi zazing'ono zaukadaulo waulimi. Chovuta chachikulu ndi mbewu yoyambira kwambiri.
Popeza nyengo ndi yosiyanasiyana chaka chilichonse, muyenera kudziwa tsiku lomwe mudzadzifikitsa nokha, poganizira malingaliro omwe akatswiri akudziwa:
- Mwezi ndi Okutobala, Novembala, ngakhale Disembala, kutengera dera.
- Kutentha - Masabata 1-2 amasunga + 2 ° C, koma osatsika kuposa -5 ° C.
- Kuperewera kwamvula yambiri.
Ndi dera
| Dera | Mwezi | Kuzama pogona |
| Kummwera, Krasnodar Territory | m'ma Novembala - koyambirira kwa Disembala | 3 cm. |
| Pakati, Dera la Moscow | november | Masentimita 5. Mulch (peat, humus 3 cm, nthambi za spruce). |
| Kumpoto, Siberia, Ural | October | Phimbani ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, nthambi za spruce. |
Malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi mu 2018
Masiku oyenera kubzala kaloti mu yophukira amatsimikiziridwa ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Mu 2018, nazi nambala zotsatirazi:
- Okutobala - 4, 5, 15, 16, 27-29;
- Novembala - 2-5, 11-13, 21, 22, 25, 26.
Yesetsani kupewa nyengo yozizira kuyambira October 8 mpaka 10 ndi 24, mu Novembala - kuyambira 6 mpaka 8, 23.
Kusankha kubzala zakuthupi
Pakudzala yophukira, mitundu yosagwira chisanu imasankhidwa. Monga lamulo, awa ndi nyengo yapakatikati komanso kucha mochedwa.
Chifukwa chobwerera ku chisanu, karoti zoyambirira sizoyenera kubzala nthawi yozizira. Popeza oyambirira mphukira sangathe kupirira chisanu. Chifukwa chotsogola kwa nyengo yophukira kuwombera, mitundu yosagwirizana ndi maluwa imasankhidwa.
Mitundu yotsatirapo yozizira yomwe imafunidwa kuti ibzalidwe nyengo yozizira kumadera a Russia ndi:
| Gulu | Nthawi yamasamba (masiku) | Kufotokozera | Dera la Russia |
| Nantes-4 | Nyengo yapakati (80-110) | Zipatso - 16 cm, mpaka 150 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi acylindrical. Msongowo wazunguliridwa. Muli shuga wambiri, carotene. | Madera onse. |
| Losinoostrovskaya 13 | Nyengo yapakati (110) | Chipatsochi chimakhala 15 cm ndi 4.5 cm, 100 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi cholembera chamlitali. Tip ndi yoloza. Kukana maluwa. | Onse kupatula Akumwera, Asili Akumwera, East Siberian. |
| Shantane 2461 | Pakati koyambirira (70-100) | Zipatso - 15 cm ndi 5.8, mpaka 250 g. Mutuwu ndi wosalankhula. Kusunga bwino. | Madera onse. |
| Vitamini 6 | Nyengo yapakati (95-120) | Chipatso - 15 cm ndi 5 cm, mpaka 165 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi acylindrical. Mutuwu ndi wosalankhula. Kukana maluwa. | Chilichonse kupatula North Caucasus. |
| Khalid | Nyengo yapakati (90-110) | Chipatsochi chimakhala 25 cm, osapitirira 120 g. Tip ndi yoloza. Wokhala ndi Vitamini A. | Chapakati. |
| Zosayerekezeka | Pakatikati (100-120) | Chipatso - 17 masentimita ndi 4.5 masentimita, pafupifupi 200 g. Mapangidwe ake ndi acylindrical. Mutuwu ndi wosalankhula. Kulekerera chilala. | South Urals, Moscow Region, North Caucasus, Far East. |
| Zima Moscow | Mochedwa kucha (120-130) | Zipatso - 17 cm, 170 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana. Mutuwu ndi wosalankhula. Kukana maluwa. Kusunga bwino. | Zabwino kwa Mid Strip. Chalangizidwa pamagawo onse. |
| Mfumukazi yophukira | Mochedwa kucha (115 -130) | Zipatso - mpaka 30 cm, 230 g kapena kupitirira. Kapangidwe kake ndi kachulukidwe. Chipilicho chalozedwa pang'ono. Kukana kuwombera. | Makamaka a Kumpoto. |
| Altai adafupikitsa | Nyengo yapakati (90-110) | Zipatso - 20 cm, 150 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi acylindrical. Msongowo wazunguliridwa. Imalekerera kutentha pang'ono. | Makamaka ku Siberia ndi Urals. |
| Dayana | Mochedwa kucha (120-150) | Zipatso - 28 cm, 210 g. Masanjidwewo ndi ofanana. Mutuwu ndi wosalankhula. Amakana kukhathamira ndi kutentha kwambiri. | Siberia, ma Urals. |
Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba
Mukamasankha malo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbande ziyamba kumera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, chisanu chikakhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, malowa ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, ndibwino kusankha phiri laling'ono kuti chisanu chisungunuke mwachangu.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe mbewu zomwe zidamera m'munda womwe udapangidwira kaloti.
| Zabwino kwambiri | Zabwino kwambiri kuposa izi |
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Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala kaloti m'nyengo yozizira kumalo komwe mbewu iyi imakolola kumapeto. Bedi loterolo ndi loyenera kulimidwa pokhapokha zaka 3-4.
Kukonzekera kama
Bedi lodzaliramo limakonzedwa pasadakhale (bwino pamwezi):
- Dzikolo limamasulidwa ku maudzu, lokumbidwa mpaka 30 cm.
- Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita lalikulu: chikho cha phulusa, 3 makilogalamu owola organic, 30 g of superphosphate, 15 g wa potaziyamu mchere.
- Grooves amapangidwa - kuya kwa masentimita 3-6 (kutengera dera), mtunda pakati pawo ndi pafupifupi 20 cm.
- Imakutidwa ndi zinthu zosakola kapena filimu.
Kufesa
Kubala kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatirachi (ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale kuti dziko lapansi liyenera kuzizira pang'ono):
- Mbewu imagawidwa m'mabowo mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita awiri kuchokera kwina (kufinya kuposa kufesa kwamasika).
- Idzazidwa ndi dothi lotentha la dimba (lokonzekera kale). Mbewu zimayatsidwa (kutengera dera).
- Wopangidwa.
- Ngati pali chipale chofewa, kugona pang'ono kwawo.
- Imakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce.
Chofunikira: Musanyowetse mbewu musanafesere kaloti m'nyengo yozizira.
Kusamalira Mbewu
M'nyengo yozizira, kubzala, mbewu sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chivundikiro cha chisanu ndichachikulu mokwanira ndipo mbewu sizimawuma.
Chapakatikati chisanu chikasungunuka, pamafunika kuchotsa pobisalira (mulch, nthambi za spruce) ndikuyika filimu kapena zinthu zosakongoletsa, ngati sizinali (makamaka pazing'ono zazing'ono).
M'tsogolomu, chisamaliro cha karoti ndi chimodzimodzi monga kubzala kwa masika:
- Kumera kumasula maudzu.
- Titseguleni timipata, kuti tithandizire mpweya.
- Patani mbeu pang'ono pomwe masamba angapo enieni awoneka (mtunda pakati pa mbewu yolimba ndi pafupifupi 2 cm).
- Zikamera zikamera pang'onopang'ono (masabata atatu) zibwerezeni kupatulira (siyani 5 cm).
- Ngati masika ali ouma, thirani mbewuyo.
