Alyssum - kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa onunkhira

Alyssum (Alýssum) - nthumwi ya mitundu yokongoletsera mbewu ya banja lalikulu Kabichi. Mitundu yambiri ya Burachok imaphatikizapo pafupifupi mazana awiri amitundu omwe amafalitsidwa kwambiri m'maiko angapo ku Europe, North Africa ndi Asia. Pamalo oyamba ndi Soviet, mitundu pafupifupi 40 yamera.

Zambiri za kukula m'mundamo

Alissum, wodziwika bwino kwambiri pankhani yokongoletsa maluwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Mitundu ya pachaka imadziwika ndi nyengo yayitali, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosatha ndi kukana kwawo kabwino pa kutentha kochepa. Chikhalidwe chokongoletsera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pokonza malo m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, koma chimasinthidwa bwino kuti chikulidwe munjira yapakati ya dziko lathu.

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, alissum imamera ngati nthawi yophukira kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira

Alyssum mumachubu kapena m'maluwa wamaluwa ndi nyengo yopanda chisanu ndi maluwa otentha osakhwima, osavuta kuwasamalira.

Alyssum ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kulima nyumba, ili ndi maluwa ambiri komanso onunkhira bwino komanso onunkhira kwambiri

Mafani opanga maluwa okonza pa loggia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chokongoletsera ngati chokongola komanso chosasangalatsa pamalire pazomera zina.

Alyssum imakulidwa mwachangu pa khonde

Kodi mmera ndi wabwino bwanji?

Kubzala chikhalidwe chokongoletsa nyengo yolowera chakumpoto kumachitika kokha ndi mbande zofesa mbewu zakutchire koyambirira kwa February. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, chomera cham'madzi chochulukirapo chimatha kuphuka zaka zambiri, pomwe chimakhala chamaluwa pafupipafupi.

Kuyambira pakumera kwa mbeu pazomera zoyambirira, monga lamulo, mwezi umodzi ndi theka kupita miyezi iwiri ikudutsa, ndipo chosangalatsa kwambiri pachikhalidwecho ndi boma lotentha losachepera 15-18 ° C.

Utoto wa utoto

M'munda wamtchire, mitundu ya mitengo imapezeka yomwe imapanga maluwa a lilac ndi oyera, koma posamalira maluwa ndikukula pamakonde, mitengo ndi malo otetimira, nthawi zambiri alimi a maluwa amakonda mitundu yokongoletsera:

• zoyera, kuphatikiza Little Dorrit, Big Gem, Weiss Riesen, Primavera Princess ndi Manda a Snow;
• pinki kapena utoto, kuphatikizapo Salmon ndi Royal Carpet;
• lilac yotuwa, yofiirira ndi ya lilac, ya Pasika ya Bonnet Deep Pink, ya Blue ya Wonderland, Variegatum ndi Middle East Night;
• chikasu, Isitala wa Bonnet Pastel Kusakaniza ndi Fumbi la Golide la Compactum.

Otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya multicolor, mwachitsanzo, Paletta, yemwe amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo yoyambirira

Kufotokozera kwapafupi ndi zithunzi zamitundu yotchuka

Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya alissum, yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi maluwa, kutalika ndi kukula kwa gawo lapansi, mtundu wa duwa. Onsewa ndi amitundu mitundu yambiri. Pali mitundu yoposa zana yotchuka. Kuphatikiza apo, obereketsa pafupipafupi komanso akunja akugwira ntchito kuti apeze zinthu zatsopano.

Mwala wa Alyssum (Al. Saxatile)

Kutalika kwa gawo la tsinde kumayambira 28-30 cm, ndipo masamba amapitilira ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Maluwa a mtundu wa Panicle. Zikuyenda koyambirira, koma zazifupi (Epulo - Meyi).

Kalasi yotsika mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa ziwalo zosapitirira 17-18 cm

• Plenum yamitundu yayitali komanso yayitali kutalika kwa mita yopitilira, ali ndi maluwa awiri apadera achikuda.
• Dudley Neville wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 15-30 masentimita, ali ndi maluwa ofiira achikasu.
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Golden placer" ndi mbewu yokongola kwambiri yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mlengalenga yopanda kotala mita, yokhala ndi wandiweyani komanso mtundu wa mtundu wa inflemose.

Nyanja ya Alyssum (Al. Maritium)

M'mikhalidwe yapakati pa Russia, imakula mchikhalidwe chapachaka. Kutalika kwa gawo la mlengalenga sikupita mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika kosaposa masentimita 40. Gawo la tsinde la chomera limapanga mitundu yaying'ono yolimba.

Maluwa amachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka chisanu

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Bentham" Weiss Riesen "yotalika kutalika kwa 30-35 masentimita, ndi maluwa akulu amtundu woyera.
• Mitundu "Shneeshturm" yosiyanasiyana ya Bentham yotalika kwambiri 22-25 masentimita ndi maluwa oyera ndi akulu.
• Mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya "Purple haze" imatanthawuza mitundu yaying'ono komanso yotulutsa maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

"Hlele yoyera" imapanga maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba a lanceolate pa mphukira mpaka 15 cm

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Ester Bonnet" imadziwika ndi kudziletsa, kuletsa kuzizira komanso kulekerera chilala, kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita, ndi maluwa oyera ngati chipale chofewa kapena lilac-pinkish.

Ampel Alissum

Ndi yamtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri, ndikupanga mphukira zazitali kwambiri komanso zazitali zomwe zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi mumipika yamaluwa. Ma inflorescence amapanga "mpira wambiri" onunkhira komanso wonunkhira.

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Chipale Chofewa / Choyera" ndi kakang'ono pachaka ndi fungo labwino kwambiri la uchi.

Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala

• Alyssum yoyera "Snow Princesses" imamasula nthawi yonse yotentha, imalolera maulamuliro otentha pang'ono, amakula bwino ndipo amafanana mawonekedwe.

Alyssum Gmelin kapena Phiri (Al. Gmelinii)

Chomera chokongoletsa chisanu ndi chisanu. Nthambi za mitundu yokwawa komanso yokwera. Masamba okhala ndi wandiweyani pubescence. Mtundu wa racemose wa inflorescence pachimake kwa miyezi ingapo, ndikuyamba kwamaluwa pazaka khumi zapitazi.

Limamasuka kuyambira Meyi ndi theka, kenako kumapeto kwa Ogasiti

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Honey Dessert" ndiyophuka kwambiri yopanda mpaka 23-25 ​​masentimita, yokhala ndi tchire la maseru, masamba odera otuwa, maluwa ang'ono achikasu.
• Zosiyanasiyana "Golide Wamtundu" - amapanga tchire la hempherya losachedwa kupindika lokwana masentimita 30 mpaka 40, lokhala ndi maluwa achikasu. Maluwa amachitika mchaka kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ndipo nthawi zina sekondale - mu khumi omaliza a Ogasiti.

Njira zopangira

Kubzala mbewu zakuthupi kapena kubzala mbande kumachitika ndi nthaka yachonde yofikira feteleza kale. Ulimi, malo oundana kwambiri amawagawa, osasunthika madzi, osasakanizika ndi dothi kapena lamchere pang'ono m'munda wamaluwa.

Kufesa poyera

1. Mosiyana ndi kulima wowonjezera kutentha, kufesa mbewu m'minda yotseka maluwa kumachitika osati koyambirira kwa Meyi, pomwe pamwamba pamtunda wa 8-10 masentimita amatenthetsedwa bwino ndikuwopseza kuwonongeka kwa mbewu pofika nthawi ya masika obwerera. Amaloledwa kubzala mbewu mu Novembala. Kubzala nyengo yachisanu kumeneku kumalola mbewu kudutsa munjira yachilengedwe, komanso kulandira mbande zamphamvu komanso zathanzi mu kasupe.
2. Mbewu zimadzalidwa m'nthaka pafupifupi 0,5. Ndikabzala mwakuya, zophukira zilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti zidutse dothi.
3. Kuti mupeze mphukira zachangu komanso zachangu, mbewu mutathilira ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu wamba ya pulasitiki.
4. Kubzala mitengo yodwala kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus, ndi bwino kufesa mbewu ndi mtunda wa mita imodzi.
5. Ngati ndi kotheka, kupatulira kwa mbande kapena kufesa kwa masamba omwe atakula kale kumachitidwa.
6. Alissum wakula kuchokera kumaluwa ambewu pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka kuchokera pakatuluka misa.

Mbande

Kuchita kukula mbande sikuyenera kukhala koyambirira kwa mwezi wa March.

1. Pofesa, muyenera kukonzekera nthaka yopatsa thanzi komanso yopepuka yokhala ndi acidic acid (pH 5.5-6.2). Njira yambande imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze maluwa oyambirira, komanso yotchuka m'madera omwe alibe nyengo yabwino.
   

   Mbande zolimbitsidwa zibzalidwe ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 35 kuchokera pamenepo, koma zabwino zonse zimadalira mitundu ndi mitundu ya mbewu

2. Mbewu ziyenera kupereka bwino kuwunikira ndi kutentha kwanyengo, komanso boma lotentha la 10-15ºC.
3. Ndikofunikanso kusamalira hydration yolimbitsa ndi mpweya wabwino.
4. Mtengo woyamba wowonekera ukabzala mbande, muyenera kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi feteleza wovuta.
5. Mutha kudumphira mbande zamaluwa pamaso pa masamba awiri kapena atatu.

Kusamalira m'munda kuyambira nthawi yobzala panja mpaka kugwa

Kukula ndi kukonza pachaka dimba la alissum ndikosavuta kwambiri ndipo kumakhala kuthirira chikhalidwe chokongoletsera, kumasula dothi nthawi ndi nthawi, kumachotsa udzu wonse, komanso kudulira komanso kuvala bwino.

Momwe mungasamalire pa kukula ndi maluwa

Pa gawo la njira zokulira ndi kukula kwa gawo lamagulu azikhalidwe zokongoletsera, chisamaliro choyenera chikuyenera kuperekedwa. Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi oyima ndi kuyanika kwa 40-45 mm kwa dothi lakumtunda. Pambuyo kuthirira, kulima kumalimbikitsidwa. Mulch imakupatsani mwayi wothirira kwambiri.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina olimbitsa thupi

Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pamlingo wokonzekera zolimbitsa zokongoletsa zobiriwira zobiriwira zambiri. Alissums osatha amafunitsidwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni monga "Agricola-7" ndi urea pamlingo wa supuni ya chinthu chilichonse mu ndowa ya madzi oyera oyera. Pamaso pa maluwa ambiri, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wosavuta. Mitundu ya pachaka imafuna kuvala kwambiri pafupipafupi.

Kukula kokhwima kokwanira komanso kutulutsa maluwa kwakukulu kwa alissum kumafuna kukhazikitsa kudulira kolondola komanso kwakanthawi. Chapakatikati, masamba owuma, komanso odwala kapena ofooka nthambi, amachotsedwa pamizimba.

Maluwa atatha kuphukira, kudulira kumabwerezedwanso, ndipo nthambi zonse za mbewu zimafupikitsidwa ndi 50-80 masentimita, zomwe zithandizira kukonzanso kwamitundu ina ya alissum.

Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa: momwe mungatolere mbewu

Pambuyo maluwa, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino chomera chokongoletsera nyengo yachisanu, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, sonkhanitsani nthangala za tchire. Alyssum ndi duwa loletsa chisanu, chifukwa chake, silifunikira kupanga malo apadera osungira nyengo yachisanu. Madera akumpoto, amaloledwa kubzala dothi pafupi ndi mbewuzo ndi nthambi zamiyendo kapena masamba agwa.

Kudulira alissum chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu sikulimbikitsidwa

Pitilizani kusonkhanitsa kwa mbeu zikuyenera kukhala m'zaka khumi za Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Pachifukwachi, nyengo youma komanso yopanda bata, inflorescence imasonkhanitsidwa ndikuthidwa. Mbewu zosungidwa za alissum zimakhala zouma ndikusungidwa mpaka zibzalidwe thumba lolembetsedwa.

Kodi ndimaluwa otani omwe amakula

Alyssum ndi mbewu yokongoletsera, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pakukula ngakhale odziwa bwino komanso maluwa a novice. Mavuto ena omwe angakhalepo:

• chikhalidwe chokongoletsera sichimaphuka bwino - zisokonezo pakudya kapena kuthirira, kuchepa kwa dzuwa;
• pamwambapa gawo la mbewu limatembenuka chikasu - nthaka yocheperako, kusowa koyenera kuthirira;
• duwa lamaluwa silimera bwino kapena kuzimiririka - kuvunda kwa mizu chifukwa chodumphira madzi, kusadandaula koyenera kwa zakudya.

Chifukwa cha kusasamala kwake, mavuto okhala ndi mbewu yotere samachitika kawirikawiri, koma pokhapokha potsatira malamulo osamalitsa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo: gome la zizindikiro ndi njira zoyendetsera

Alyssum imayamba kutenga matenda ena ndi tizirombo tina. Kusankha njira yoyenera komanso yothandiza kwambiri komanso yolandirira, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa zomwe zikuwonongetsani.

Kanema: alissum kuchokera kufesa mpaka maluwa

Ndemanga zothandiza

Ndimabzala alissum m'magawo angapo, imatuluka mwachangu, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera patsiku la 5, kwambiri kwa masiku 7-10.

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Ndili ndi funde lachiwiri la maluwa a alissum ... obzalidwa ndi nthanga. Idakula msanga, duwa. Ndizonunkhira bwanji. Tsopano ndidzabzala chaka chilichonse.

Viktorovna

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Ndimabzala zonse paulendo wanga woyamba kupita ku nyumba yakunyumba - kwinakwake kumapeto kwa Epulo-koyambirira kwa Meyi - mu nazale (mbiya iliyonse, chotengera obzalidwa pansi, monga lamulo ndiye kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ndiye nzeru zonse.

Elvi

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Ndimabzala alissum mu khungu la 250 ndimakaseti yaying'ono, ndikudula mbali zamasewera (ndizotheka kwa ine). Ndimadzaza ndi dothi lopepuka, ndikufalitsa mbewu ndipo ndi zomwezo. Amatha kumalamo nthawi yayitali (ndikusowa nthawi ndi malo). Ndipo ndimasinthira ku cartridge ya 6. Kuchokera pamenepo kukhala malo okhazikika.

frosik

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M'mikhalidwe yamakhalidwe azikhalidwe zamaluwa, chomera chokongoletsera alissum adadziwika posachedwa, koma kutchuka kwake kukukula chaka chilichonse. Cholinga chofuna maluwa okongola oterewa chimayimiriridwa ndi kusasamala komanso chisamaliro chosamalitsa, fungo lamphamvu la uchi komanso wowala lomwe limaphatikizira mbewuyi.