Kuti mitengo yabwino ipangidwe ndikukula zipatso, kuphatikiza ma mululosi, kudulira ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi. Dziwani bwino zifukwa zazikulu ndi malangizo a sitepe ndi imodzi-modzi popanga korona wokongoletsera, odana ndi ukalamba komanso zolinga zaukhondo.
Zimayambitsa ndi malamulo odulira mabulosi
Kodi ndizotheka kuyika mtundu wamalo pang'ono wa paki ya Chingerezi pamalopo? Zoyenera kuchita ngati zokolola zatsika kwambiri? Nkhani izi ndi zina zimathetsedwa pakuchepetsa korona.
Kudulira ndi liti ndipo chifukwa:
- Kukonzanso mtengo ndikuwonjezera zipatso zake. Wamaluwa amadulira mbewu ngati mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewuzo kumachepera (mwachitsanzo, zipatsozo zimagwera pansi zisanakhwime, pali zipatso zochepa kapena zimakhala zochepa, etc.). Kuchotsa nthambi zosabereka "kudzatsitsa" mizu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabulosi amatulutsa mphukira zatsopano ndikuwongolera michere popanga zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthambi kudzathandizira kuti maluwa atukutike, zomwe zimakhudza kuwonjezereka kwa zipatso (izi ndizowona kwa mitengo yaying'ono).
- Pofuna kupewa matenda. Korona wamtengo wonenepa kwambiri angayambitse kukula kwa bowa (powdery mildew, spotting), komwe kumakhudzanso zikhalidwe zina. Kuchepetsa korona pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti nthambi zizilandira kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, komanso kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri kulumikizana kwa nthambi zathanzi ndi odwala.
- Popanga korona. Korona wopangidwa moyenera adzapatsa mabulosi kuti azikhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi moyo. Kuchepetsa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pongogwiritsa ntchito, komanso ntchito chokongoletsera.
Pali malamulo angapo, kuwonetsetsa kuti, amene amasamalira mundawo apulumutsa mtengowo kuti usavulazidwe ndikuwonongeka munjira:
- Kumbukirani kuti cholinga chodzala chimakhudza nthawi yomwe chimatenga. Zaukhondo ndibwino kuchititsa kugwa, ndikusinthanso kapena kupanga ndikofunikira kuchedwetsa kufikira masika.
- Ngati mukufuna kufupikitsa mphukira, pomwe pali impso, kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa pakona 50za 0,5-1 masentimita okwera kuposa iye.
- Mukachotsa nthambi yonse, ikani tsamba ndendende mozungulira kuti muchepetse.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera. Mtengo wodulira ndiwofunikira kudula mphukira zopyapyala, zopanda kutalika kuposa 2.7 masentimita, pogwira ntchito ndi nthambi zokulirapo (kuchokera pa 2,5 mpaka 3.5 masentimita) kapena mphukira zomwe zimakhala m'malo ovuta kufikirako - wonyezera, ndipo ngati mukufuna kuchotsa zochulukirapo Nthambi zikuluzikulu, gwiritsani ntchito dengalo. Dziwani kuti ndizosatheka kusinthanitsa ndi ukalipentala wamba, chifukwa tsamba la chida chamlimi lidapangidwa kuti lisavulaze mtengo panthawi ya ntchito.
Zida zosankhidwa bwino zimathandizira kudulira ndikuteteza mtengowo kuti usavulazidwe, malo odulira ayenera kuthandizidwa
Onetsetsani kuti mukuyeretsa ziwiya zam'munda mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito moyeretsa kapena moto kuti mupewe kufalitsa matenda kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita pamzake.
Kudulira kwamtengo
Sankhani njira yodzolowera zolinga zanu. Ndi kuleza mtima komanso changu, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofananira ndi zithunzi.
Zosavuta (kuwonjezera zokolola)
Ngati simukutsatira cholinga chopanga mabulosi kukongoletsa malowo, koma mukungofuna mbeu yabwino, ndikokwanira kungopanga korona wa mtengowo.
Yambani mukadzala mmera pansi. Njira yopanga korona, monga lamulo, imagwira ntchito kwa mbadwo wazaka ziwiri zokha zokha. Monga mitengo yazipatso ina, kwa mabulosi njira imeneyi imatenga zaka zingapo.
Gome: Kupangidwa kwa korona wamtengo zaka
| M'badwo wachikhalire | Chaka choyamba | Chaka chachiwiri | Chaka chachitatu | Zaka zachinayi ndi zotsatirazi |
| Mmera pachaka | Kufotokozera: monga lamulo, mphukira ilibe njira zina. Ntchito Zothandiza:
| Kufotokozera: mphukira ili ndi nthambi zammbali zolimba. Ntchito Zothandiza:
| Mabulosiwa ali ndi mphukira yapakatikati (thunthu) ndi nthambi zingapo zopanga korona. Mtengo wazaka zitatu amaonedwa kuti ndi wamkulu, chifukwa chake, kupanga kudulira sikofunikira. | Ngati ndi kotheka, kudulira kwaukhondo kumachitika, pomwe mbali zosafunikira za mtengo zimachotsedwa. |
| Chaka chimodzi mmera | Kufotokozera: Mphukira ili ndi nthambi zamtsogolo. Ntchito Zothandiza:
| Mtengo wazaka zitatu sufunikira kudulira, ndizokwanira ukhondo (ngati pakufunika). | Yang'anani nthambi zosasunthika ndi mphukira ndikuchotsa munthawi yake | Sungani mabulosi anu abwino mwaukhondo |
Kudulira pafupipafupi kumakupatsani mwayi kupeza mtengo wa mabulosi (chitsamba) chamtundu womwe mukufuna
Kutalika kwa mabulosi kumadalira dera lomwe limakula. Kumagawo akum'mwera, muyenera kudulira mitengo kuti isakwere kuposa 3 m - poyamba, ndiyosavuta kukolola, ndipo chachiwiri, mtengowo suwononga mphamvu pakukula kwina, koma udzawatsogolera pakupanga zipatso. Nzika zakumpoto sizifunikira izi: nyengo yozizira, mmera sukula kupitirira 2 m.
Zokongoletsa (za kukongola)
Pali njira zingapo zokongoletsera korona wa mabulosi. Potere, kuyambitsa zochitika ndikwabwinonso ndi mbande yopanda zaka ziwiri.
Korona wodabwitsa wa korona
Mukapanga korona woyambira, muyenera kusiya nthambi zazitali pakati, ndi zazifupi pamwambapa ndi pansi: ntchito yambiri, bwino "mpira" imawoneka bwino
- Pangani shtamb, kudula mphukira zamtundu wonse mpaka kutalika kwa 1-1,5 m.
- Fupikitsani mphukira yapakati mpaka 2-4 m, poganizira kutalika kwa tsinde. Kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ziyenera kudulidwa 1/3.
- Nthambi zotsogola zimakonzedwa molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatirachi: dulani nthambi zotsika kwambiri 1/3 za kutalika, pafupi ndi pakati 1/4, pomwe mphukira zazitali kwambiri ziyenera kukhala pakati. Fupitsani nthambi kumtunda ndi 1/3, pakati - ndi 1/4. Chachikulu ndikuti mphukira zonsezo pamlingo womwewo zizikhala zofanana kutalika osati kuchuluka kuchokera korona.
Kudulira masamba
Mabulosi okhala ndi korona wooneka ngati tsache amakhala chosangalatsa chokongoletsa pachimake kapena paki
- Pangani shtamb pofupikitsa nthambi zonse zamtunda mpaka kutalika kwa 1-1.5 m.
- Sankhani 3-4 mwa mphukira wolimba kwambiri, wokula molunjika pafupifupi mulingo womwewo (mbali yakusiyana - pafupifupi 120za), ndikuwadula mpaka impso yachinayi, kuwerengera kuyambira thunthu.
- Fananitsani wochititsa wapakati ndi nthambi yapamwamba yamchifu. Izi zitha kuchitika osati pompopompo, koma patadutsa zaka 1-2 mutadulira waukulu - pamenepa, thunthu lanu la mtengo wa mabulosi likhala bwino.
- Muzaka zotsatila, chotsani nthambi zonse ku mphukira zam'mbali zomwe zimakula mkati mwa korona.
Zambiri za Udzu Wobzala Kudulira
Ngati munabzala kulira mabulosi, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga korona wake wautali uliwonse, mpaka pansi, Chofunikira kwambiri, kukhazikitsa njira munthawi ndikuchepetsa mphukira zodziwika bwino munthawi yake. Dziwani kuti kutalika kokwanira kwa mphukira zotere kuli pafupifupi 30 cm.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu wamba, mbande zosaposa zaka ziwiri ndizoyenera kupanga korona.
Ndikotheka kupanga korona wa kulira mabulosi a kutalika kulikonse, chinthu chachikulu ndikuletsa "shaggy" (mphukira iyenera kukhala yomweyo)
- Pezani shtamb mpaka 1.5 m kutalika ndikuchotsa mphukira zonse za mbali.
- Dulani mphukira zapachaka zomwe zili pamwambapa mpaka impso yachitatu kapena yachinayi, kuwerengera kuyambira thunthu. Impso yotsala ndiyofunika kuyang'ana kunja.
- Mchaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, mphukira zapachaka zatsopano zidapangidwa kukhala impso yachisanu kapena yachisanu ndi chimodzi, kuwerenga kuyambira thunthu. Monga momwe zinalili kale, impso yotsalira m'mphepete iyenera kukula kunja.
- Kwa zaka chachinayi komanso chotsatira, dulani nthambi. Pitilizani njirayi mpaka chisoti chachitali chakukula chikukula.
Ngati mugula mmera wa mabulosi wamkulu kuposa wazaka 5-6 ku nazale, korona wapangidwa kale (izi zikugwira ntchito kwa onse wamba komanso okongoletsa). Muyenera kuchita zodulira zaukhondo nthawi ndi nthawi.
Momwe mungapangire chitsamba
Ngati mukufuna chitsamba chosadetsa, ndikofunika kuti musankhe mbande zomwe mphukira zayamba kale. Zomera zokhala pachaka popanda mphukira, ndibwino kuchedwetsa mwambowu mpaka chaka chamawa, kuti nthambi zikulire nthawi yachilimwe.
Gome: Malamulo odulira chitsamba
| Chaka choyamba | Chaka chachiwiri | Chaka chachitatu | |
| Zochita Zokonza |
|
| Chitsamba chimawonedwa kuti chimapangidwa bwino (chili ndi nthambi za mafupa a 4-8). Ndikofunikira kufufuta:
|
M'tsogolomu, chisamaliro chimachepetsedwa ndikudulira mwaukhondo (kuchotsa kwa mphukira zopindika, nthambi zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi pansi ndikufupikitsa mphukira zazitali kwambiri mpaka 30 cm).
Kudulira Kwa Masewera a Mabulosi
Kudulira kwa nyengo kwa mabulosi kumalimbikitsidwa kawiri pachaka - kasupe ndi yophukira. Pakadali pano, mtengowo umapuma kapena kumizidwa, kotero njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Njira zoyambira
Kudula kumachitika korona akagwa, ndipo kutentha sikuyenera kutsika kuposa -10zaC, apo ayi magawowo samachira. Algorithm ndi motere:
- Pendani mtengowo ndi kudula nthambi zonse zodwala, zouma ndi zopota, ndikuchotsanso mphukira zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona.
- Ngati mabulosi apanga mphukira yopendekera (mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zalimidwa pafupi ndi mtengo wachikulire), nkuchotsanso.
- Valani zigawo zazikulu (zofika kupitirira masentimita awiri) ndi mitundu yamaluwa kapena kuyimitsa utoto wamafuta.
Kudulira mwaukhondo kuyenera kuchitika nthawi 1 zaka zingapo. Ngati mabulosi anu amasiyanitsidwa ndikupanga mwachangu mphukira zatsopano (monga lamulo, izi zikugwiranso ntchito pamitengo yomwe imakula kum'mwera), ndiye kuti zochitika ngati izi zimachitika kamodzi pachaka cha 3-4. Ngati kapangidwe ka mphukira ndiwofatsa, komwe kumadziwika pakati pakatikati ndikuzizira kwa kumpoto, ndiye kuti nthawi imeneyi imatha kuwiriridwa kawiri. Chotsani nthambi zodwala ndi zouma zikafunika.
Kanema: Zinthu zomwe zimadulira m'dzinja
Kusamalira masika
Ndibwino kuti muchepetse nthawi yokwanira kupumira kwa mabulosi - kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Ngati simungathe kumaliza njirazi panthawiyi, nthawi imeneyi imakhala yolimbikitsa kwambiri mpaka pakati pa Epulo. Pakadali pano, mu mabulosi, kuyamwa kwamphamvu sikungayambe ndipo masamba satsegula, ndiye kuti chithandizo sichikhala chopweteka kwambiri. Monga yophukira, kudulira kwamasika kuyenera kuchitika pa kutentha osati kosaposa -10zaC. Musaiwale kuti nthawi yophukira, nthawi zambiri zinthu zimachitika ndikupanga mtengowo ndikupanganso mtengo.
Kanema: Kugwira ntchito ndi korona masika
Mankhwala othandizira kukalamba chifukwa cha nkhuni zakale
- Choyamba yambitsani korona. Kuti muchite izi, dulani nthambi zonse zamatenda, ndikuchotsani nthambi zomwe zimakula, mkatikati, ndikumamatirana.
- Dulani mphukira wachinayi ndi wachisanu. Iwo, monga lamulo, amakhala ololera pang'ono, koma amatha kukokera michere yokha ndikusokoneza kukula kwa nthambi zopanga zipatso.
- Valani zigawo zazikuluzikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena varnish yamafuta.
Pofuna kuti musachotse nthambi zambiri mwachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira kukalamba m'magawo angapo. M'chaka choyamba - nthambi zakale kwambiri komanso zodwala, chachiwiri - mosakhazikika bwino, etc., kupitiliza mpaka mabulosi atapeza mawonekedwe ofunikira.
Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti kudulira mabulosi samakhala ndi vuto lililonse, ndipo ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kuthana ndi njirayi. Kutsatira malingaliro onse, mudzapeza mtengo wokongola wathanzi ndipo zokolola zazikulu sizingakudikireni.
