Dera la Moscow silili labwino kwenikweni kuti zikulire mazira: zimafunikira chilimwe chotentha, ndipo m'chigawo cha Moscow mpaka 2/3 dzuwa limalowa ndi mitambo. Komabe, m'malo obiriwira, chikhalidwechi chimamveka bwino. Kukwanitsa kwa obereketsa amakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule mitundu yoyambirira kutchire, koma iyi ndi ntchito yowopsa, ngakhale kum'mwera kwa maboti am'madera aku Moscow kuderali ndi nthawi yoti ikule pafupifupi chilimwe chilichonse.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yaku Moscow
Popeza kulima biringanya ku Moscow Region kutengera nyengo yotentha, amayesa kubzala mitundu yosagwira kwambiri yakucha kokucha. Mwa mitundu ndi ma hybrids oyenerera, mwachitsanzo, Giselle F1, Agat F1, Alyonka ndi otchuka, mitundu yosankhidwa kumpoto kwa West-West ndi Ural imakulanso bwino. Pansi pa mabedi muzisankha madera ofunda, koma Mulimonsemo, biringanya poyera limabzalidwa pansi pa malo ophimba.
Biringanya malo otseguka
Kwa mbewu yopanda phindu monga biringanya, m'malo oyang'anira ulimi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito hybrids (F1), koma mitundu ina yakale imakhala yabwino ngati iyo. Tsopano zosankha zambiri zimaperekedwa, koma tiyenera kumvetsetsa bwino kuti ku Moscow Region, ngati mukufuna kulima ma biringanya mu dothi losatetezedwa, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira. Mwakuya kwambiri, mutha kudzala koyambirira koma kumafunikira chisamaliro mosamala.
- Agate F1 - wosakanizidwa wokwanira, amakhala ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri yomwe nthawi zina imatha kuchita popanda mbande: kumapeto kwa Meyi, mutha kuyesa kufesa mbewu pansi pa filimu, mpaka chisanu choyamba, gawo lalikulu la mbewu lipse. Zipatso ndizachikhalidwe cha ma biringanya mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, masekeli 200-250 g, zokolola zambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda.
Agate F1 ndi amodzi mwa hybrids ochepa omwe amatha kukhala opanda mbeu.
- Sancho Panza ndi mtundu wamtali, wokhala ndi mazira obiriwira amtundu wakuda wakuwala woposa theka la kilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana sizimasamalira mikhalidwe, mbewuyo sikufa pamatenthedwe abwino, imadzalanso ku Siberia. Kupanga mpaka 9 kg / m2.
- Bull Mtima F1 - chakumapeto koyambirira, zipatso zimatha kuchotsedwa miyezi 4 mutabzala mbewu. Tchire lalitali limafuna kumangiriza, zipatsozo ndizowonda, zolemera 300-400 g, zonyezimira. Wodwala wosakanizidwa, zipatso zimakulitsidwa.
Eggplant Bull Heart idatchedwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chipatsocho
- Galina F1 - woyamba wosakanizidwa, wamtali. Zipatso ndizacylindrical, mpaka 15 cm, kulemera kwa 200-300 g, glossy. Kuguza kuli pafupi koyera, ka kukoma kokakonzedwa. Zachuma ndizambiri.
- Esaul F1 - wosakanizidwa wa kukhwima kwapakatikati, zitsamba zazitali zapakati. Zipatso zake ndizochepa kwambiri: mpaka 15 cm, koma m'mimba mwake 3 cm basi. Unyinji wazipatso ndi 200 g, ndipo zokolola wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndizobiriwira, ndizokoma kwambiri.
Esaul ali ndi zipatso zonenepa kwambiri
- Emerald F1 - biringanya ndi fungo la bowa ndi kukoma, amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka ozizira komanso matenda. Masiku 100-110 amadutsa kuchokera kufesa mbewu mpaka kukolola zipatso. Zipatso ndizobiriwira, zowondera, zolemera mpaka 300 g. Zimadziwika kuti ndi zina mwazitsulo zopanda mawonekedwe, zomwe zimatha kubereka zipatso nthawi iliyonse nyengo.
Emerald F1 ya Eggplant sikuti "biringanya" mumtundu wa zipatso zokoma
- Lava F1 ndi mtundu wosakanikirana kwambiri, zipatso zoyamba zimacha pang'ono, koma zipatso zimapitilira mpaka chisanu. Zipatso ndizochepa, mpaka 150 g, cylindrical, glossy. Mosamala, zimawonetsa zokolola zambiri.
- Bourgeois F1 ndi wautali wosapsa wakucha. Tchire ndilokwera kwambiri, limafuna kukakamizidwa, koma imadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda komanso kubereka zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zolemera mpaka 500 g, zofanana ndi mawonekedwe a tomato, zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Cholinga cha mbewu ndichilengedwe.
Zipatso za Bourgeois zimafanana ndi tomato wakuda
- Negus ndi mtundu woyambira bwino kwambiri, tchire lake limakula mpaka kutalika kwa 60 cm, ndiloleza kuzizira. Zipatsozo ndizopanga mphira, pafupifupi zakuda, zolemera kuyambira 150 mpaka 300 g, zokolola zambiri, kukoma kwabwino. Zipatso mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chisanu, cholinga chake ndi chonse.
- Mfumu ya kumpoto F1 ndi wosakanizidwa yokhala ndi ndemanga zotsutsana. Popeza ndiwotchuka ngakhale ku Siberia, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro okhudza izi ndikwabwino: pazifukwa zina, kuchokera pa kukangalika mpaka "osasinthika." Amatha kubereka zipatso pamunsi kwambiri; m'malo mwake, sakonda kutentha kwambiri. Zomera zimafika 14 kg / m2 -modzi wapamwamba kwambiri pazikhalidwe. Kuyambira mbande mpaka kukonzekera koyamba kukolola kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zazitali kwambiri komanso zowonda, osati zowawa.
Mfumu ya Kumpoto ili ndi zipatso zazitali, nthawi zambiri imagona pansi
Biringanya kwa wowonjezera kutentha
Zikuwoneka kuti biringanya aliyense angabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha. Koma, choyambirira, mitundu yakucha-yakucha m'matawuni singakhale okhwima m'khola. Kachiwiri, kupulumutsa malo, wamaluwa amayesa kukula mitundu yayitali ndi yopindulitsa ndi ma hybrids mu malo obiriwira.
- Vakula - mitundu yambiri yakucha, imakula chitsamba chachitali ndi zipatso zambiri. Kupanga mpaka 13 kg / m2. Zipatso ndizopanda, m'lifupi, zolemera 300-400 g.Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zimapsa nthawi yomweyo, zimasungidwa ndikunyamulidwa. Zosiyanasiyana ndizopanda matenda.
- Giselle F1 ndi wosakanizidwa, paliponse ponse pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipatso ndikukula. Mu greenhouse zabwino kupereka 14 kg / m2, m'nthaka yosatetezedwa pansipa. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 500 g, cylindrical, muyezo wodziyimira utoto wa mazira, zimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Kututa koyamba kuli ngati masiku 110 mutabzala mbewu.
Giselle - imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri kudera la Moscow
- Alyonka ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pakati pa gulu lapakati, lomwe limabala zipatso mu biringanya lowoneka bwino. Ukama wobiriwira wobiriwira umapereka bowa wambiri. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 300 g, zokolola wamba, pafupifupi miyezi 3.5 zimadutsa pakufesa mbewu kupita kukakolola.
Alyonka ndi woimira ochepa biringanya wobiriwira
- Don Quixote ndi mtundu woyambirira kucha wamitundu yonse yobiriwira. Maonekedwe a chipatsochi ndi achilendo: ma biringanya okwera mpaka 40cm kutalika kumayambira pansi. Unyinji wa zipatsozo ndi 200-300 g, kukoma kwake ndikabwino, kuchuluka kwa njere ndizochepa kwambiri. Cholinga ndichonse.
- Zachikondi - choyambirira kucha ndi zipatso za mtundu wofewa wa lilac ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Zoyenda mpaka mita kutalika, pafupifupi zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana zake ndi zopanda pake, zimatha kumera pokhazikitsa malo abwino obiriwira: zimadwala mosavuta ndi matenda a fungal nthawi yozizira.
- Balagur - kukhwima kosiyanasiyana, mutabzala mbewu, zipatsozo ndi zokonzeka kukolola pambuyo masiku 90. Tchire ndi lalitali, lophimbidwa ndi zipatso za lilac: pachitsamba chimodzi amatha kukula mpaka zidutswa zana. Komabe, chochitika chilichonse chimalemera pafupifupi g 100. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Zosiyanasiyana ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kukana kukhudzana ndi chimfine ndi matenda, koma zimafunikira luso la chitsamba.
Zipatso za Balagur sizabwino kwambiri, koma zambiri zake ndizabwino
Zinthu zikukula
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuyambira kufesa mbewu mpaka kukolola ma biringanya: mitundu yakucha kwambiri yomwe imabala zipatso pokhapokha miyezi itatu kapena kupitilira, ndipo chizolowezi chake ndi 4-5. Pakalipano, ndikufuna kubzala masamba msipu mwachangu, koma simungathe: kumafunikira kutentha. Ngakhale kum'mwera, mbande ziyenera kukonzekera kupanga koyambirira, ndipo m'chigawo cha Moscow izi ndizofunikira, ndipo ntchitoyi imayamba nthawi yozizira.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti biringanya safuna chilichonse chapadera: muyenera kutentha, chinyezi chambiri komanso nthaka yachonde kwambiri. Uku ndiye kukonda kutentha, kuphatikizidwa ndi nyengo yayitali yokulira, ndikuyimitsa kupititsa kwachikhalidwe kumpoto. Ndizovuta ndi ukadaulo waulimi womwe umatsogolera ku mfundo yoti kutali ndi wolima dimba aliyense pafupi ndi Moscow amalima buluu.
Kukula mbande
Kukula mbande za biringanya, kwenikweni, kumagawika magawo awiri osagwirizana: poyamba zonse zimayenda molimba, ndipo mbuto zikakula, kusamalira mbande kumakhala kovuta kuposa phwetekere. Sikuti aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe amayesetsa kuchita izi: mbande za buluu zimafuna chisamaliro chambiri komanso kudekha.
Mukadzala biringanya kwa mbande
Zomera za biringanya zimachedwa pang'ono: kuphukira kosaphunzitsidwa kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo okonzeka amachita izi sakonda mbewu zina. Mbande zoyambilira, zomwe zidayendetsedwa bwino, zitha kuoneka sabata limodzi, kenako nkutha masiku enanso. Chifukwa chake, wina ayenera kuyamba kukonzekera mmera m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale atakhala kuti ulimi wobiriwira kapena wobzala mbande panthaka akuyenera.
Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri yamakono imabzalira mbande ngakhale theka lachigawo la Marichi, makamaka ngati mugula mbewu zapamwamba zomwe zaphunzitsidwa mwazinthu zamakono musanagulitse. Koma ngati "njira yakale", ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukonzekera nthangala zodzala kuyambira m'ma February, ndikuzibzala - pomaliza kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Awa ndi pafupifupi nthawi yayitali: ndioyenera zigawo zambiri za nyengo. Ngati simunapereke "mbeu" m'dera la Moscow tsiku la Marichi lisanachitike pa 15 Marichi, simuyenera kuyamba: ndibwino kugula mbande zakonzeka kumapeto kwa mvula.
Kubzala kukonzekera
Biringanya ndibwino kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'miphika yayitali. Koma popeza amakhala mnyumba yayikulu mnyumba zonse nthawi yophukira, nthawi zambiri amawabzala m'bokosi yaying'ono kenako ndikudumphira m'madzi, ngakhale chikhalidwechi sichilandira bwino pamadzi. Kusankha kwa mbande kuyenera kufikiridwa moyenera. Ngati pali peat ndi mchenga, osakaniza akhoza kudzipangira pawokha posakaniza dothi labwino komanso zinthu ziwiri izi: peat ndi lapansi pakati ndi mchenga wambiri peresenti.
Peat ikhoza kusakanizika ndi utuchi ndi humus (2: 1: 2), kapena ngakhale kuchita chopanda utuchi, koma muyenera kuwonjezera pomwepo 50-60 g wa feteleza wophatikizira am'mimbamo ndi phulusa lamatanda angapo. Kusakaniza kwodzikonzera kuyenera kupha tizilombo toononga (njira yokhazikika imatayirira ndi njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate). Komabe, pakukulitsa tchire tambiri, ndikosavuta kugula dothi lopangidwa lokonzeka kusitolo, ndikusankha pomwepo pomwe mabiringanya kapena tomato pang'ono amapakidwa phukusi. Nthaka imayikiridwa mu kabati ndi yosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 8 ndikuchepera.
Pakuthira dothi, yankho kumanja ndi koyenera, kavalidwe kambewu - kumanzere
Mbewuzo zimatetezedwa musanafesedwe, koma kwa iwo ndikofunikira kukonzekera njira yokhazikika ya potaziyamu permanganate, yamtundu wakuda. Kusamba nthawi - mphindi 20-30, atatsuka ndi madzi oyera. Ngati tikulankhula za kukulira m'nthaka yosatetezekanso, ndikofunikira kuumitsa mbewu mufiriji (mumvula yonyowa, masiku 3-4).
Mukangofesa, ndi bwino kusanja njerezo ndi chomulitsira, chifukwa ma biringanya ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Epin-Owonjezera, Zircon ndi ena, mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo. Zimachitika kuti njere zimere zisanafesedwe, koma mutha kuzifesa motere: m'masiku ochepa awa okhala chinyezi kale atupa kale.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Ngati mungafune kufesa mbewu mu kabokosi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita izi molingana ndi pulani 5 × 5 masentimita akuya pafupifupi 1.5. Mbewu zitha kutengedwa ndi zotchingira ndikuyika pansi dothi lonyowa, kenako ndikuziyala kuti njere zitha kuzama . Njira yosavuta yothirira mbewu ndikuyika masentimita asanu chipale chofewa. Ikasungunuka, imagwiritsanso ntchito dothi ndikugwirizana dothi momwe limafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi oundana amayambitsa njira zokulira.
Chipale chofewa chimasungunuka komanso kuthirira mbewu zofesedwa bwino
Bokosilo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera ndikuyika kutentha. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa kumera ndi 25-28 ° C. Kodi kuunika ndikofunikira? Sizofunikira kuti mbande zikamera, koma atangopanga "malupu" oyamba pansi, bokosilo likuyenera kusunthidwa kumalo opepuka, apo ayi mbande zimatambasuka mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, mwina, ndikofunikira kukonza kuyatsa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati, poganiza kuti mbande, dothi lidzauma, liyenera kukhala lothira ndi botolo lothira.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera m'masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma zikuwoneka zochepa. Chiwopsezo cha kutuluka kwa mbewu zakonzedwacho chidzakhalanso masiku ena pambuyo pake, kenako njirayi imatha sabata ina. Zoyenera kuchita ndi kutentha? Kupatula apo, mbande zazing'ono zimafunika kukonzekera kuzizira, madigiri 16. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, enawo adzatulutsa. Mwanjira inayake vutoli liyenera kuthetsedwa. Ndikofunika kupatsa mwayi "wotambasula", koma osawononga ambiri, ndiye kuti, ndikonzanso bokosilo panthawi yozizira pakawonekera malupu akuluakulu.
Ulamulirowu ukufunika masiku asanu, ndiye kuti kutentha kumatulira mpaka 23-25 ° C (pang'ono usiku) ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kulima. Kuphatikiza pa kutentha ndi kuwunika, amawunikira boma lanyontho. Amathiriridwa ndimadzi ofunda, osakhazikika 1-2 pa sabata, koma mosapumira: kuchokera ku chinyezi chowonjezera, chiopsezo cha mbande kudwala ndi mwendo wakuda chikukula. Patatha masiku khumi kumera perekani kuvala pang'ono: supuni 1 ya urea mu ndowa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, bokosilo limasinthidwa kukhala gwero lowunikira kotero kuti limagawidwa chimodzimodzi kwa mbande zonse.
Mbande zimakula mosasiyanasiyana, ndipo kusankha m'matumba a peat kuyenera kuchitidwa mosankha. Amachita izi mosamala kwambiri, kuchokera ku mbande zomwe zimamwetsa bwino mbande zake momwe masamba enieni anawonekera, makamaka atatu. Nthawi yomweyo, zitsanzo zoyipitsitsa zimakanidwa. Tiyenera kuyesera kukumba mbande ndi dothi lapansi osati kuwononga mizu. Osachepera, simuyenera kuzitsina mwapadera. Ngati muzu ndi wautali, mutha kuufupikitsa, izi sizowopsa.
Mbande ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala mchotsekeramo, mosamala kuti zisawononge mizu
Kukula koyenera kwambiri kwa akasinja osambira ndi pafupifupi 10 x 10 cm, nthaka ndiyofanana ndi bokosi. Pakati pa chikho, dzenje limapangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mmera wochotsedwa pansi, amatsitsidwa pamenepo popanda kuzama. Ngati mbande zitha kutambalala kwambiri, mutha kuzikulitsa, pafupifupi masamba a cotyledon. Nthaka yozungulira chomera imakidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zala zanu, kenako ndikuthilira ndi madzi ofunda. Mbande imasanjidwa kwa masiku 2-3 kuchokera ku dzuwa lowala mpaka imayamba kuzika.
Thandizo linanso ndilofanana ndi asanadutse. Thirirani mbande kamodzi masiku angapo, mukunyowetsa dothi lonse mumphika, koma osasamba. Kuvala kwapamwamba, ngati kuli kofunikira, kumachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi kuthirira. Ngati mbande ikukula bwino, palibe chifukwa choti muzidyetsa pachabe: zitatha izi, iwo adakonza dothi labwino. Koma ngati masamba apeza mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, muyenera kudyetsa. Azofoska woyenera, nitrophoska kapena phulusa. Yotsiriza mu supuni imangomwazika mumphika musanatsirire, osagwera masamba.
Pakadutsa milungu iwiri ndi zitatu ndikubzala mbande m'mundamo, amaukweza, ndikumutengera kukhonde, poyamba kwa kanthawi kochepa, kenako kwa maola angapo. Pankhaniyi, mwachidziwikire, kutentha kwa kunja sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kwambiri: 12-14 zaC wa mbande ndi kale nkhawa. M'mawa wa tsiku losinthika, mbande zimamwe madzi. Mbande zabwino kwambiri za biringanya zizikhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita ndi masamba akulu akulu 5-8. Izi zimachitika kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Biringanya uyenera kuphuka m'malo okhazikika.
Mbande zokhazikika ndi chitsamba chothandiza ndi masamba akulu
Kuthira mbande m'nthaka
Ngati mbande idakonzedwera, ndiye kuti yabzala kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa Meyi (kutengera mtundu wa wowonjezera kutentha), pokhapokha koyambirira kwa mwezi wa June, kuphimba koyamba ndi spanbond kapena lutrasil.
Tikufika
Ndikofunika kuti panthawi yakuchotsa kutentha kwapakati tsiku lililonse sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 20 zaC.M'chigawo cha Moscow izi sizingayembekezeredwe, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa m'malo obisalamo osakhalitsa. Koma mulimonsemo, simungathe kuchita izi mpaka nthaka itadzaza mpaka 14 zaC pakuya kwa masentimita 10-12.Yesetsani kubzala mazira madzulo, dzuwa lisalinso kuphika; chabwino, ngati masiku atatu otsatira akuyembekezeredwa.
Bedi litha kukhala lamtundu uliwonse wosavuta, koma ku Moscow Region alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amakonzekera mabedi ofunda a biringanya. Amapangidwa motalika, kusankha malo owala bwino, otsekedwa ndi mphepo zakumpoto ndi khoma la nyumbayo kapena mpanda wowuma. Pofika nyengo yachilimwe yapitayi, amakumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 20-25 ndikukulira pang'onopang'ono mitundu yonse ya zinyalala: utuchi, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, udzu, etc. Peat yonseyi imathiridwa mowolowa manja ndi izo. Nthawi ndi nthawi mumathirira chilichonse chophatikizika ndi manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame. Gonani nthaka yabwino yachonde.
Pokonzekera mabedi ofunda, zinyalala zilizonse ndizoyenera
Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bedi lalitali, mbali zake zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomata ndi matabwa, matayala, etc. Pomalizira, bedi limakonkhedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndipo sabata imodzi isanabza mbande mowolowa pansi ndi madzi ofunda ndikuphatikizira kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, amamasulidwa, ndipo asanabzala, mabowo amapangidwira kukula kwa mapoto okhala ndi mbande. Mtundu wobzala ma biringanya zimatengera mitundu, koma pakati pazomera sizikhala zosachepera 35 cm, komanso pakati pa mizere - kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 cm.
Miphika ya peat imatsitsidwa mumabowo ndikuzama pang'ono, masentimita 2-3. Kutsikira kwa biringanya sikofunikira. Ndikofunika kuperekanso zikhomo ngati mitunduyo ndi yayitali kenako ikufunika garter. Mbande m'mundamo zimathiriridwa ndimadzi ofunda, ndipo dothi lozungulira tchire limaboweka pang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mukumangako denga lophimba ndikuphimba ndikufikira ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Kubzala Wobiriwira
M'malo obiriwira, makamaka polycarbonate, malo abwino otentha amapangira mazira. Komabe, muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti kutentha kwambiri kwa chikhalidwechi kumakhalanso kovulaza, nthawi yotentha kwambiri maluwa satipukutira ndi kugwa. Mukabzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha kwa mpweya ndi mpweya m'nthaka, sikuyenera kukhala yozizira 14 zaC.
Musanadzalemo mbande mu zobiriwira, muyenera kukonza dothi lokonzalo. Mukugwa, zinyalala zonse za mbewu ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo dothi lisadulidwe. Pankhani ya matenda, ndi bwino kusintha dothi kotheratu. M'dzinja, bedi liyeneranso kupangidwa ndi kukumba dothi ndi feteleza (manyowa, phulusa, superphosphate pang'ono). Sabata imodzi musanabzale mbande, bedi lamundawo liyenera kukhetsedwa ndi yofooka yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (supuni ziwiri pa ndowa) ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Pakatha tsiku, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo dothi limaloledwa kuti liume pomwe mungathe kugwira nawo. Mumasuleni kwambiri, ndikuyikapo ndi peyala ndi kuyamba kubzala mbande. Mitindo yobzala ndiyofanana ndi kunja kwanyengo. Chisindikizo chaching'ono chimatheka, koma kukhathamira kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda.
Mwa mitundu yayitali, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito poyang'anira:: mtunda pakati pa mbewu mumizere ndiofanana, koma pamizere yoyandikana nayo sanabzalidwe moyang'anana.
M'malo obiriwira, nthawi zambiri amakonza dimba lalikulu pakati, kubzala biringanya m'mizere iwiri mmenemo. Pamakoma pali mabedi ochepera a masamba ena. M'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndibwino kuti mupange mabedi awiri otambalala pafupi ndi khoma ndikudutsa pakati pawo. Kutalika kwa tchire kupita kumakoma kumatengera geometry wobiriwira. M'malo obisalamo okhala ndi makhoma ofukula, awa ndi 25-30 masentimita, pankhani ya makoma, muyenera kuchoka kuchokera kukhoma kwambiri. Tekinolo yakunyumba ndizofanana ndi malo otseguka.
Kanema: Biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kubzala mbewu m'munda
Kummwera, mukakulitsa ma biringanya, mutha kuchita popanda mbande. Koma m'malo omwe amakhala, izi zitha kuyesedwa pokhapokha ngati mitundu yoyambirira ndi ma hybrids.
Kufesa poyera
Kuti tipeze mbewu yoyambirira ya biringanya, ziyenera kufesedwa m'munda m'masiku oyambilira a Meyi kapena ngakhale kale. Zachidziwikire, panthawiyi m'matawuni kumakhalabe kozizira kwambiri, ndipo bedi liyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale, komanso kumanga malo ogonera. Mfundo yakukonzekera ndikutentha dothi pakuya kwa 10 cm mpaka 15 ° C. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mabedi ndi madzi otentha, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Mulimonsemo, mu wowonjezera kutentha uyu asanaphukire ayenera kutentha kwambiri.
Mbewu zofesedwa kwambiri: kumera kwake mu zoterezi zimatha kukhala zosakwanira. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zodula zimatha kuuluka "tambala wokongola." M'mizere yomwe idapangidwa masentimita 60-80, njere zimabzalidwa masentimita asanu ndi amodzi aliwonse. Pambuyo zikamera, mbande zimadulidwa kangapo, ndikuchotsa zofooka zochepa. Kuchepera koyamba kumachitika masamba atatu owona atawonekera, mbewu zimasiyidwa masentimita 10-12. Kachiwiri - patadutsa milungu iwiri, komanso chachitatu - mbewuzo zikadzakhala ndi masamba 7-8. Pakadali pano, tchire labwino kwambiri limasiyidwa patali masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Kanemayo amachotsedwa pokhapokha chilimwe chatsopano.
Kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kulima biringanya kopanda zibowo m'mabowo obisalamo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa mbewu zomwe zimaphuka zimasungidwa kutentha 25-25 zaC, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri ngakhale m'malo obiriwira amakono a polycarbonate. Pakatikati, kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha sikufikira izi, komabe muyenera kuphimba mbewuzo ndi filimu kapena mwanjira yotenthetsa dziko.
Ngati lingaliro pa kufesa koteroko, sikusiyana ndi kufesa poyera, mtunda wokha pakati pa mbewu ndi womwe umapangitsa pang'ono, ndikuteteza malo. Mbewu zofesedwa ndi malire, kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pang'onopang'ono kupatulira.
Kusamalira
Biringanya mutangolowa mu munda ndikumakula pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwabwinobwino kumayambiranso pakatha milungu iwiri, pomwe mbande zimamera bwino. Pakadali pano, chisamaliro chimayenera kukhala chochepa: mukungofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa komanso yosasunthika. Pambuyo pakuyambiranso kukula, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuphatikiza, kumasula ndikupanga tchire.
Biringanya panja
Dothi lomwe lili pabedi la biringanya liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Pogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kuwola kwa masamba kumayamba, kenako masamba amatha, ndipo tsinde limalemekezedwa. Biringanya limafunika madzi ambiri, koma sililekerera kuthirira kwamadzi kambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika kokha ndi madzi otentha padzuwa. Chitani izi pansi pa muzu; Kubwezeretsa mulch kungafunenso.
Mpaka pomwe maluwa oyamba amawoneka mumkhalidwe wabwinobwino, biringanya amathiridwa kamodzi pa sabata m'mawa kapena madzulo. Norma - pafupifupi 1 mita ndowa2. Potentha komanso posagwa mvula, madzi okwanira amayenera kuchuluka. Maluwa akangotulutsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuthilira madzi nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, okhala pachilimwe omwe amafika pamalopo kumapeto kwa sabata ayenera kukhazikitsa zowirikiza kawiri masiku awa: zilibwino kuposa kuthilira nthaka. Kutentha kwamadzi - osati kutsika ndi 25 zaC.
Pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula iliyonse, kumasula kumachitika. Poyamba, mutha kupepuka mbewu zaudzu. Njira imeneyi imalimbikitsa maonekedwe owonjezera mizu ndipo, mwakutero, imachulukitsa zokolola. Mutha kungowonjezera nthaka yachonde pamizu, kutengedwa kwina. Inde, kulima mosamala mabedi kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Kufikira kukhazikikako kwa chipatso, simukuyenera kupereka kuvala kwapamwamba, pokhapokha, tchire limakula bwino. Ngati izi siziri choncho, amadyetsedwa ndimayankho a feteleza wathunthu wamafuta. Koma kenako biringanya nthawi zambiri amadyedwa, pafupifupi milungu iwiri iliyonse. Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha feteleza nyengo yakula ndi zitatu. Pankhaniyi, poyamba, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame, ndipo munthawi ya kuchuluka kwa zipatso, ma biringanya safunika kupatsidwa nitrogen, chifukwa chake amapanga yankho la superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate. Komabe, ndizotheka kusintha kusakaniza uku ndi kulowetsedwa phulusa.
Pamabedi ofunda, mbewu yabwino imakula, koma muyenera kusamalira mbewu zonse mosalekeza
Kwambiri mitundu ndi ma hybrids a biringanya, kukhazikikitsidwa koyenera kwa tchire ndikofunikira. Komabe, izi zimafunikira makamaka m'malo obiriwira; Olima munda nthawi zambiri amapereka ma biringanya ndi mwayi wakukula mwachilengedwe. Komabe, kukonza koyambirira sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Osachepera kwambiri, muyenera kutsina okhawo osafunikira, pomwe awonekera. Izi zimachitika ndi zala zanu kapena ma secateurs, momwe mungathere. Ntchito yophweka ngati imeneyi imalola mazira kuti asunge zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuwongolera ku mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa chipatso. Ndikofunikira kuchita mwana wopeza mlungu uliwonse: munthawi imeneyi, ana opeza alibe nthawi yokwanira 5 cm.
Biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kukula biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupi ndi Moscow, ndizosavuta kuposa malo otseguka, koma ntchito yambiri ingafunike. Choyamba, sikugwa mvula yobiriwira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Kachiwiri, biringanya, zoona, limasowa kutentha, koma kutentha kwambiri kulibe ntchito. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha malo obiriwira ayenera kuulutsa. Popanda kukwera, mumlengalenga chinyezi, matenda a mbewu amatuluka msanga. Madzi othirira amatumizidwa kumizu basi, koma kuti dothi limanyowa osachepera 20 cm.
Ngati, mutakulidwa m'nthaka yosatetezeka, ndizotheka kuti musabwere pamalowa mkati mwa sabata, sizingatheke ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Popanda kuwulutsa nyengo yotentha, matenthedwe amatha kukwera mpaka 35 zaC ndi pamwambapa, ndipo pamazizira otentha oterowo samamangidwa.
Mthunzi wamagalasi ungathandize pang'ono, koma buluu yaying'ono ndiyofunikiranso dzuwa!
Mitundu yodyetsa siyosiyana ndi yomwe ikamamera kunja kwa wowonjezera kutentha, koma amapereka chidwi kwambiri pakupanga tchire. Inde, m'malo obiriwira amayesa kubzala mitundu yayitali kuti ateteze malo, chifukwa chake, tchire liyenera kumangirizidwa. Itha kukhala mitengo yopatulira pachitsamba chilichonse, kapena trellis wamba. Biringanya wamangidwa, monga mbewu yofananira iliyonse, ndi twine wofewa wazingwe zisanu ndi zitatu.
Pali mapulani osiyanasiyana opangira tchire; mu wowonjezera kutentha, samangoleketsa kudina. Njira zonse zimatsikira pamitengo ingati yomwe yatsala pachomera. Popanda kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane zakusiyana kwawo, timangonena kuti nthawi yoyamba yomwe afika patchire pazolinga izi, akadzakula kufika 30 cm. Pa tsinde lalikulu, kutsina pamwamba, pambuyo pake mphukira zam'mbali zikuyamba kukula. Koma alipo ambiri a iwo, chifukwa chake, ngati zingatheke kusiyanitsa amphamvu kwambiri ndikuyikidwa bwino, siyani kupitirira zisanu.
M'malo obiriwira pamtchire la biringanya musasiye mphukira zowonjezera, ndipo mutha kumangiriza tchire ku waya wamba, wotambasulidwa pamtunda,
Ngati zipatso zokwanira zapangika pa mphukira ndipo zikumakulirabe, zimadina pamwamba. Ntchito zonse za mapangidwe zimayimitsidwa mwezi watatsala kukolola komaliza: tsopano mphamvu za chomerazo ziyenera kupita ku kucha zipatso.
Kanema: Zonse zokhudza kukula kwa biringanya m'matawuni
Kututa ndi kusunga
Kuchokera pakupanga kwa ovary mpaka kukolola zipatso, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Biringanya amatuta mu gawo la kukhwima mwaukadaulo: panthawiyi, zipatso zimafikira kukula kwake, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu, ndikupeza thupi la yowutsa mudyo. Khungu liyenera kukhala losalala panthawiyi ndipo zipatso zimapuma. Mbewu ndi zoyera, zofewa, zosapsa. Yokolola sabata iliyonse, kudula secateurs zipatso pamodzi ndi peduncle. Ma biringanya ochulukirapo ndi osayenera chakudya, kwa iwo mutha kungotola mbewu kuti mubzale.
Vidiyo: Kututa Kunja
Biringanya amasungidwa mwachidule kwambiri. Ngakhale zipatso zabwino kwambiri zimatha kukhala m'firiji osapitilira milungu itatu. Ayenera kukhala ndi mapesi, kutentha okwanira bwino 1-2 zaC, chinyezi chachibale 85-90%. Kwenikweni, amayesa kukonza zipatso m'masiku oyambilira.
Dera la Moscow silingatchulidwe kuti ndilo dera lokwanira biringanya. Komabe, ambiri wamaluwa amayesa kubzala tchire tambiri tambiri, ndipo amachita izi m'malo obisika. Mitundu yoyambirira ndi zophatikiza zimatha kubzala mbewu pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, koma zimafunikira chisamaliro mosamala komanso chopweteka.
