Calendula ndi chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino omwe amawoneka ngati ma diski aang'ono a dzuwa. Ndi gawo la banja la a Astrov. Mtengowu umakhala ku Mediterranean ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia, kuchokera komwe udafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Calendula amadziwika ndi ambiri monga marigolds. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri mu wowerengeka ndi mankhwala othandizira, chifukwa ali ndi katundu wambiri wothandiza. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mbewu yokongoletsera. Kutalika kwamaluwa komanso fungo labwino ndi njira yabwino. Komanso, wamaluwa amakonda kukongoletsa miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calendula, yomwe imasanduka kapeti wowoneka wagolide.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Pakati pazomera za calendula pachaka ndi zamuyaya zimapezeka. Amakhala ndi nthyole komanso yowongoka, yolimba pang'ono, 15-75 masentimita. Pamwamba pa chiwonetsero chobiriwiracho mumakhala timiyala tosavuta tating'ono, tomwe timapangitsa kuti ikhale yomata.
Masamba angapo otsatizana amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi obovate kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pafupi ndi tsinde, tsamba limafota ndipo limapanga petiole lalifupi. Mphepete mwake ndi yozungulira.
Poyamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, inflorescence imodzi yamtundu wa dengu imawoneka pamwamba pamitu. Madawo awo ndi masentimita 4-7. Chojambulira cha mizere iwiri ya maluwa a bango achikazi okhala ndi miyala yafulati imakhala m'mphepete. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mwa iwo pomwe zipatso zimamangidwa. Ngakhale maluwa akutchire apakati amakhala amodzimodzi, amakhala osabala bwino. Mtundu wa inflorescences, mitundu yachikaso ndi lalanje imapambana. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, maluwa akupitilira mpaka nthawi yoyambira yophukira ikumazizira. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo, pambuyo pake zipatso zimacha mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Mabokosi ambewu amakonzedwa mumizere ingapo monga mphete mozungulira kuzungulira kwa inflorescence. Mbeu zozungulira ngati ma crescent zimakhala ndi nthiti komanso mtundu wa bulauni.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya calendula
Ponseponse, pali mitundu 20 ya zikhalidwe mu mtundu wa calendula, koma awiri okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe.
Munda wa Calendula. Mitundu iyi imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera osati mankhwala. Zovala zamtundu wa Grassy 10-30 cm zazitali zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Zimayambira ndi glandular pubescence wokutidwa ndi masamba osowa a obovate. M'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, mabasiketi akuluakulu osavuta amatulutsa ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 7 mpaka 7. Pakatikati pa inflorescence ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, ndipo ma pulo ndi achikasu. Zipatso mu mawonekedwe a khwimbi la nyemba zosakhwima ndi kutupa pang'onopang'ono zipse mu Julayi.
Calendula officinalis. Pachaka pachakacho chimakula, chosakhala chopanda mpaka 75 cm. Ndiwachikulile, ndipo ndi lankhuni. Mulu womata umawoneka pamalo owoneka obiriwira. Chithunzi china chobiriwira chobiriwira kapena chowunikira chimakulitsa m'mphepete. Mtundu wonyezimira wa lalanje wozungulira wam'miyeso pang'ono ndi masentimita 5-6. Achenes amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Kutengera mtunduwu, obereketsa apanga mitundu yokongoletsera. Terry calendula amadziwika kwambiri. Zosangalatsa kwambiri zamitundu:
- Wailesi - nthambi zophukira 35-55 masentimita okutidwa ndi masamba owotcha okhala ndi mitsempha yotumbidwa, terry hemispherical inflorescence 6-7 cm kutalika kwake ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje;
- Yuvel - tchire lotalika 40-50 masentimita awiri limakula masamba obiriwira otambalala ndipo limatulutsa mabasiketi a lalanje owirikiza kawiri ndi mainchesi 5-8;
- Bonbon - chitsamba mpaka 30 cm wamtali wamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wa inflaccta wozama ndi masentimita 8;
- Kalonga waku India - akuwombera kumapeto kwa masentimita 75 ndi mabasiketi amtundu wa lalanje wokhala ndi maziko amkuwa ndi ma burgundy petals odulidwa m'mbali.
Kufalitsa maluwa
Calendula amadzala nthangala, chifukwa pafupifupi mitundu yonseyi ndi yopanga maaka. Zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka kapena mbande zosakhwima. Njira yambande imafunikira khama lalikulu, koma imakulolani kuti mupange maluwa oyamba kale. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito paz mitundu yaying'ono yokongoletsa.
Kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, mbewu zimagawidwa popanda kukonzekera koyambirira kukhala ndi makapu apadera a peat kapena muli muli ndi dothi losakaniza bwino la maluwa. 1-2 masentimita a dziko lapansi amathiridwa pamwamba. Zabzala zimathiridwa madzi ofunda ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Malo obiriwira amasungidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Pambuyo pa sabata, pomwe mphukira zikuwonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo ozizira (osaposa + 14 ... + 15 ° C). Mbande ziyenera kusungidwa mozungulira ndikuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Kawiri kapena katatu pamwezi, amamwetsedwa ndi mchere wochepetsedwa kwambiri. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri enieni zimakhamukira m'mbale zosiyasiyana kapena m'makokedwe ndi mtunda wa 5 cm.
Popewa zovuta zosafunikira, mbewu zitha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yoyenera kuchita izi: Okutobala kapena Epulo. Masiku 10-15 asanabzalidwe, malowo akuyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonjezera humus, komanso feteleza wa mchere (potaziyamu chloride, superphosphate, urea). Mbewu zimagawikidwira m'zitsime ndikuzama kwa masentimita 1-2. Kutalikirana kwa mzerewu kuyenera kukhala 60-70 cm. Calendula wachikulireyo amachepetsa kuti mtunda pakati pa mbeu ndi 25-30 cm. Ngati kubzala ndikofunikira kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, ndiye kuti mtundawo ukhoza kudulidwa.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yobzala, maluwa a calendula amapezeka miyezi 2.5 atatuluka.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Mbande zokhwima zimasunthidwa padera m'zaka khumi za Meyi, masamba 5-6 atawonekera pazomera. Masiku angapo zisanachitike zomwe anakonza ziyenera kuti ziumitsidwe, kusiya miphika yamaluwa masana masana mumsewu. Calendula ndi ozizira osagwira, amatha kulekerera chisanu usiku.
Tsambalo likuyenera kukhala lotseguka ndi dzuwa, ndipo nthaka ndi yachonde, yonyowa komanso yosamasuka. Chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu, calendula amaweta tizirombo, choncho nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa m'mundamo pakati pa mabedi ndi mbewu zamasamba.
Kusamalira mbewu ndikosavuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti duwa lokhala ndi maluwa lizithiriridwa nthawi zonse ndikutseka tchuthi kuti kutumphuka kusakhale pamwamba panthaka, kuteteza mpweya kuti usafike kumizu. M'masiku otentha, mbewu zimamwe madzi ambiri, koma madzi samasunthika pamizu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuti mutukule bwino, calendula amafunika kuvala pamwamba. Mwezi uliwonse, mbewu zimadyetsedwa ammophos kapena nitrophos. Ndikofunika kuti musapitirire kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti ma inflorescence atumbuluke komanso asamawonekere.
Pali chinyengo chaching'ono chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso wautali. Kuti muchite izi, ma corollas otseguka bwino ayenera kudulidwa, osadikirira mpaka atha okha. Zotsatira zake, ambiri masamba atsopano amapanga. Kubwereza njirayi pafupipafupi, kudzakhala kotheka kufalikira kwamaluwa achisanu. Kupanda kutero, zidzatha mwezi umodzi.
Mitundu yokongoletsera yamunda imakhala pachaka, motero sizomveka kuzisunga nthawi yozizira. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyengoyi imang'ambika kwathunthu ndipo malowo amakumbidwa. Mbewu zikutuluka mu zisa zisanakhwime. Ngati simukudula mitu yake munthawi yake, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kudzadzibweretsera tokha chaka chamawa.
Calendula amadwala kwambiri matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pokhapokha pamakhala dampness pomwe ufa wa powdery ndi mtundu wakuda umayamba. Kulimbana ndi matenda ndizovuta kwambiri, fungicides (Topaz, Topsin ndi ena) adzakuthandizani. Kupewera kwa bowa ndiko kucheperachepera kwa nkhanu. Kununkhira kwanthunzi kwamaluwa kumadzetsa tizilombo, chifukwa pafupifupi palibe amene amakhala pamalowo. Kusiyana kwake ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Ngati majeremusi ali patsamba, ndiye choyambirira amapezeka pa calendula. Othandizira zamankhwala adzathandizira wopatsa mphamvu (Karbofos, Aktellik, Antitlin).
Kupanga ndi mankhwala
Kugwiritsa ntchito calendula ndikwabwino kwambiri kotero kuti adabzala minda yonse yosonkhanitsa mafakitale. Monga zopangira zamafuta, mabasiketi opanda mafuta ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amakhala ndi ma flavonoids ambiri, ma tannins, ma phytoncides, mafuta onenepa, ma alkaloids, mafuta ofunikira, carotene, kuwawa.
Maluwa owuma amatha kusungidwa kwa zaka ziwiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi madzi, zopangira, mafuta, mafuta. Calendula ali ndi mawonekedwe awa ogwiritsira ntchito:
- matenda oopsa
- kulephera kwa mtima;
- zilonda zam'mimba;
- gastritis;
- cholelithiasis;
- cholecystitis;
- kukokoloka kwa uterine;
- trichomoniasis;
- tonsillitis;
- kutupa pakhungu ndi purative mabala;
- mphumu
- yade;
- stomatitis.
Calendula ankakonda kwambiri azimayi. Amasamalira thanzi la kubereka, kuchotsa kutupa ndi matenda amtundu wamunthu, komanso kupewa kutenga pathupi komanso kukula kwa toxicosis pa nthawi yapakati. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imasamalira kukongola kwa madona. Ndikokwanira kupukuta khungu ndi tincture wa mowa kuti muchotse ziphuphu, kutupa ndi mikwingwirima. Kuchepetsa tsitsi ndi decoction azitsamba ndi calendula, hops ndi chamomile, mutha kuwongolera mkhalidwe wawo ndikuwunikira kwambiri.
Contraindication kutenga calendula imatha kukhala chizolowezi cha hypotension, bradycardia ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Misomali yoyendera dzuwa m'malo ake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa kama wamaluwa mwanjira yachilengedwe kapena yokongoletsa, rabatka, chosakanikirana, komanso kukongoletsa makonde ndi masitepe, ngati chomera chakubedwa. Mitundu yotsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tepi yamagulu kapena makatuni obalirako omaliza a udzu, ndipo apamwamba amakhala maziko abwino mkati kapena kumbuyo kwa duwa. Maluwa owala agolide-lalanje amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphatikizidwe ndi zoyera, zamtambo kapena zofiirira. Pamodzi ndi calendula, ageratum, zinnia, ma mpunga, eschscholtsia ndi rudbeckia nthawi zambiri amabzala. Pakhoza kukhala zosiyana zambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikulemba molondola kalendala yoyendera maluwa kuti dimba la maluwa nthawi yonse yachilimwe lizisangalala ndi mitundu yowala.
