Kodi mtundu wa samozheplodny ndi wotani?

Imodzi mwa mavuto ofunika kwambiri m'munda ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, zomwe zimadalira zifukwa zambiri - nyengo, malo ndi zikhalidwe za zomera, kuthekera kwawo pollinso ndi ena. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ndi zitsamba zomwe zingathe kubala chipatso popanda kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo zina zimathandiza. M'nkhani ino tiyesa kufotokoza momwe kuwonetsekera kumapezeka m'mitengo yopatsa zipatso, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti izi ndizomera zokhazokha komanso zobala zipatso, komanso zomwe mungachite kuti munda uzibweretsa zokolola zabwino.

Zamkatimu:

• Wodzipereka
• Zomwe zimakhala zachonde
• Wodzichepetsa
• Malamulo a Kusankha Pollator
• Mitundu yozizira
• Cherry
• Chereshyon
• Kutha
• Mtengo wa Apple
• Cherry plum
• Abrikosov
• Peyala
• Nkhuyu
• Peach

Njira zoyendetsera mungu

Choyamba, kuti mumvetse mfundo za kuyendetsa mitengo ya zipatso, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawu akuti pollination.

Kukonza mungu ndi njira yomwe zomera zimamera. Mu mitundu, maselo aamuna omwe ali ngati mavitamini, omwe ali pa stamens, amatumizidwa ku pistils kapena ovules, kumene maselo a majeremusi amapezeka. Kenaka, patapita nthawi, malo awo amakhala ovary ndipo zipatso zimakula. Kuwongolera kumapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana - ndiko kudzipiritsa ndi pollination. Njirazi zimasiyana poti zomera zimayambira mungu wochokera pansi payekha, pamene mungu umachokera pamitengo ya maluwa.

Kwa mungu wofiira, mungu wochokera kufupi ndi mitengo (pollinators) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu ya pollination:

• Entomophilia - tizilombo timanyamula mungu.
• Zochita zapadera - kulera mitengo ndi chithandizo cha zinyama.
• Kupanga mapuloteni - munthu amalowa mkati.
• Anemophilia - pollination ndi mphepo.
• Hydrophilia - mungu umatengedwa ndi madzi.

Zomera zomwe zimabereka mothandizidwa ndi zinyama ndi tizilombo, zimakhala maluwa omveka bwino komanso aakulu. Ndipo zomwe zimapunikira mungu mothandizidwa ndi mphepo ndizitali, maluwa awo ali pamwamba pa tsinde ndi masamba (mwachitsanzo, monga chimanga) kapena pachimake mpaka masamba akuoneka (poplar, birch). Komanso pakati pa zomera pali samoplodnye ndi samobesplodnye zosiyanasiyana. Tidzamvetsa kusiyana kwake.

Mukudziwa? Mbewu ndi monoecious chomera. Lili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana. Maluwa achimuna ali pamwamba, ndipo maluwa achikazi ali pamtengo.

Wodzipereka

Mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zokhala ndi pulogalamu yamitengo imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mungu wokha wokhala ndi maluwa popanda mungu wofiira (mwachitsanzo, njuchi kapena mitengo yoyandikana nayo).

Ubwino ndi chakuti chifukwa cha mapangidwe apaderadera a maluwa (ndi zina zotere zimakhudza tsankho) komanso kuti pollination ndi ovary zimachitika maluwawo atseguka, mbewu imatha kupezeka pansi pa zovuta.

Miyambo yotereyi imakula ngati yosakwatiwa, ndipo imakhala yolimba. Komabe, sizinthu zonse zosavuta monga momwe tingafunire. Kawirikawiri zipatso za mitengo yokhayokha ndizochepa. Choncho, akatswiri wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kulima mungu wozungulira pafupi nawo.

Zomwe zimakhala zachonde

Pali chithunzi cholima - mitengo yokhazikika, malingana ndi nyengo, imatha kusintha mitengo yokha yokhayokha ndikupereka zochepa zokolola. Ili ndi njira yapakati pakati pa samobzoplodny ndi samoplodny mitundu.

Mu mtengo wokhazikika, umuna umapezeka pamtunda wa 50 peresenti, ndipo mwadzidzidzi kudzibala, mwa 20%. Choncho, wamaluwa amati zipatso zobala zokha zidzakhala bwino ngati pali mitengo ina ya mbewu yomweyo.

Wodzichepetsa

Tiyeni tiwone chomwe izi zikutanthauza - zosiyana ndi zosabereka komanso kusiyana kwake. Mitengo yambiri ya zipatso imakhala yopindulitsa. Iwo samabala chipatso popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mungu kuchokera ku mitengo yoyandikana ndi njuchi.

Ndikofunikira! Mawu akuti allogamy (pollination cross) amachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Greek (allos) "zina" ndi (gamos) "ukwati".

Ngati palibe mungu woyenera kuyandikira, padzakhala zipatso zochepa (pafupifupi 4 peresenti ya maluwa idzamera). Choncho, munda wosakwatiwa samobzoplodnymi sungapereke.

Ndifunikanso kudziŵa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu wochokera pansi pa nthaka yomwe imakhala yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mitengo ina imakhala yosagwirizana ndipo siimabweretsa zotsatira.

Malamulo a Kusankha Pollator

Mukamabzala zofuna zanu, zokhala ndi zokolola zokha kapena zochepa za mitengo, kuti nthawi yokolola ikhale yosangalatsa, nkofunika kusankha bwino munguwo.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya zipatso m'kupita kwa chisinthiko inapeza mphamvu yodzizitetezera ku zokhala pamtunda pawokha (mungu sumakula pa tsankho la pistil). Izi zimachitika kuti ateteze mitunduyo kuti isawonongeke. Zoona zake n'zakuti pamene kudzipukuta kumawoneka kuti ndi ana osasangalatsa. Ndipo kuti apulumuke posintha nyengo ndi nyengo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyofunika. Ndichifukwa chake m'chilengedwe pali zambiri samobzlodnyh mitundu kuposa self-fruiting.

Pali malamulo angapo osankhira mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Cherry, chitumbuwa chokoma kapena maula adzakhala ndi mungu wochepa ngati mungu wosapitirira mamita 40. Ndikofunika kuti mitengo ina (apulo, peyala, apricot) zisakule pakati pawo. Njuchi zidzanyamula mungu kuchokera ku zinyama zosakanikirana, ndipo panopa sipadzakhalanso umuna.
• Ndi bwino kudzala mitengo ya mbewu yomweyo m'magulu. Ndipo mtunda wa pakati pawo suyenera kupitirira mamita 4.
• Ndikofunikira kuganizira posankha odzola mungu nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa awo. Pakati pa mitengo yomwe ili ndi maluwa oyambirira, mtengo wokhala ndi nthawi yochepa umafunika kukula, ndipo mtengo wamaluwa wamba umabzalidwe pafupi ndi maluwa. Kenaka pollination imodzi idzachitidwa, yomwe iyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndibwino.
• Cherry "Vladimirskaya" bwino pollinates chitumbuwa "Kapezi", ndi mochedwa maluwa "Robin" abwino "Shubinka".

• Pafupifupi pafupifupi yamatcheri onse amadzikonda. Choncho, mitengo iwiri yokhala ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana iyenera kukula pa webusaitiyi.
• Ngati n'zotheka kudzala mtengo umodzi wokha, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti uzibzala ndi nthambi zingapo za mitundu ina. Kenaka mungu wochokera kwa iwo udzawombera maluwa a mtengo wonsewo. Mukhozanso kumangiriza nthambi za maluwa ku korona.
• Sizowonjezera kudzala pafupi ndi yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri. Izi ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana, zomwe zimapereka zokolola zochepa ngati zimakhala zofanana.
• Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Home" sizomwe zimayendetsa mungu "Chinese" kapena "Russian". Koma pakati pawo, mitundu iwiriyi ikuphatikizidwa bwino. Zosagwirizana ndizowonjezera ndi oyambirira ndi mochedwa maluwa.
• Mitengo yambiri ya m'mundamo imakhala yaikulu, makamaka zokolola.
• Zokolola za mbewu zonse zopatsa zipatso zimakula kwambiri pafupi ndi njuchi.

Mitundu yozizira

Mitengo yodziteteza yokha imatha kukhala ndi mungu popanda kuikapo mungu. Kawirikawiri, malingana ndi dera lokula komanso nyengo, mitengo yotereyi imatha kukhala yokha.

Onani mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya plums yokhayokha.

Komanso, pakupezeka kuti zokolola zimakula kwambiri ngati mitundu ina ya mbewu yomweyo imakula pambali. Ndi mitengo iti ya zipatso yomwe imadzikonda, tidzakambirana pansipa.

Cherry

Cherry zipatso akhoza kudya yaiwisi, kuphika kwa iwo kukonzekera m'nyengo yozizira, mchere ndi mbale zina. Amatcheri ambiri amadzipweteka. Choncho, chifukwa malo ovuta kwa kukula kwa chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kudzikonda fruiting mitundu yamatcheri.

Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• "Lubskaya";
• "Memory Enikeeva";
• "Volochaevka";
• "Bulatnikovskaya";
• "Chokoleti";
• "Assol";
• "Apukhtinskaya";
• "Lot";
• "Brunette";
• "Chiyukireniya Griot";
• "Volga ya Dedza";
• "Tambovchanka";
• "Shakirovskaya";
• "Wopatsa", ndi zina zotero.

Mukudziwa? Persia imatengedwa ngati maile a yamatcheri, ndipo inapezekanso ku Caucasus ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea.

Chereshyon

Zakudya zapamwamba zodziwika zinapita kutali ndi chitumbuwa. Zipatsozi zimakhala zokoma ndipo zimayenera mbale zambiri.

Zotchuka pakati pa mitundu yodzichepetsera yokha yamatcheri ndi awa:

• "Wokhala m'nyumba yachikasu";
• Bereket;
• "Goryanka";
• "Tyutchevka";
• "Dunn";
• "Dolores";
• "Pridonskaya";
• "Anthu Syubarova";
• "Slav" ndi ena.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuphunzira za mitundu yamatcheri monga "Leningradskaya Chernaya", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Valeriy Chkalov", "Regina", "Bullish Mtima", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink".

Kutha

Zosangalatsa, zokoma, zipatso zonunkhira. Ndithudi aliyense amadziwa ndi amakonda kukonda, monga chikhalidwe ichi chikufala kwambiri m'gawo lathu. Poyerekeza mitundu yosiyana, tikhoza kusiyanitsa nthawi zoterezi.

Mitundu yosabala zipatso kwambiri ya plums ndi yaikulu kwambiri, zokolola zawo ndi zopatsa, ndipo zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu. Zomera zowonjezera zimayenera malo okhala ndi nyengo yoipa, iwo ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo samasowa mungu wofiira.

Pali mitundu iyi ya plums yozizira:

• "Hungarian Moscow";
• "Ikani";
• "Nyumba ya Hungary";
• "Wamba wa Hungary";
• "Kumbukirani Timiryazev";
• "Blue Blue";
• "Kufiira ndi kofiira";
• "Oryol loto";
• "Red Ball";
• "Yellow samoplodnaya", ndi zina zotero.

Mukudziwa? Simudzatha kukumana ndi mabala otchire m'chilengedwe. Izo zinkawonekera chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa mazira a chitumbuwa ndi kutembenuka. Izo zinachitika pafupi zaka 2,000 zapitazo. Tembenuzani ndi mapulumu a chitumbuwa amere bwino kuthengo, ndi phokoso - ayi.

Mtengo wa Apple

Mtengo wa apulo umatengedwa kuti ndi mfumukazi ya minda. Zipatso zili ndi kukoma kodabwitsa ndi fungo, zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zimathandiza kwambiri.

Mitengo yodzikonda kwambiri pakati pa mitengo ya apulo:

• "Molis delishes";
• "Welsey";
• "Melba";
• "Pokumbukira Tikhomirov" ndi ena.

Ena onsewo amakhala samoplodnye kapena samobesplodnymi mitundu.

Pakati pazinthu zokhazokha zimaganizira mitundu:

• "Bessemyanka Michurinskaya";
• "Chisipanishi";
• "Rennet Chernenko";
• "Safironi Pepin";
• "Pepinka Lithuanian";
• "July Chernenko", ndi zina zotero.

Onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo monga "Bogatyr", "Lobo", "Semerenko", "Orlik", "Medunitsa", "Spartan", "Northern Synapse".

Cherry plum

Mafutawa ndi owawa komanso oyenera kuphika ndi sauces. Komabe, obereketsa anayesera kubweretsa mitundu yambiri yatsopano ndi kukoma kwake komanso kukana kuzizira.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi chonde chachangu komanso yopanda phindu:

• "Kuban comet";
• "Comet Purple";
• "Purple Cleopatra";
• "Woyenda wofiira-wofiira";
• Vetraz;
• "Comet oyambirira";
• "Comet Late";
• "Ndapeza";
• "Pramen" ndi ena.

Abrikosov

Zipatso za apurikoti zili ndi kukoma, kukoma, mtundu ndi kukula. Mndandanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikhalidwe ichi ndi yaikulu, koma imayendetsedwa ndi zamoyo zokhazokha. Chikhalidwechi sichikhala ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe ingabale chipatso popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mungu komanso pansi pa zovuta.

Mitundu iyi ikuphatikizapo:

• "Melitopol Early";
• "Polesia yaikulu-fruited" (mwadzidzidzi wodzidalira);
• "Chinanazi";
• "Red-cheeked" ndi ena.

Mukudziwa? M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu 20 ya apricots. Apricot wakuda (wosakanizidwa wa apurikoti ndi mazira a chitumbuwa) amaonedwa kuti ndi ovuta.

Peyala

Mitengo ya peyala imakonda kwambiri m'minda yathu. Amene sakonda zipatso izi zonunkhira ndi zokoma! Amanyekedwa mwatsopano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zokometsera ndi mbale zosiyanasiyana.

Zodziwika bwino za mapeyala okha ndi awa:

• "Lada";
• "Bryansk Beauty";
• "Kumbukirani Yakovlev";
• "Chizhovskaya";
• "Kumapeto kwa Belarus";
• "Wopatsa", ndi zina zotero.

Nkhuyu

Ndithudi anthu ambiri amadziwa zomwe nkhuyu ziri. Amatchedwanso mtengo wamkuyu, mkuyu, vinyo kapena mabulosi a Smirn, mtengo wamkuyu. Zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera maswiti abwino ndi mchere woonjezera, umaonjezera mikate, ayisikilimu, zakumwa ndi mbale zosiyanasiyana.

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikhalidwe ichi mungapeze ochepa okha, ndi:

• "Akuda Kwambiri";
• "Cadot";
• "Crimean wakuda";
• "Lardaro";
• Nikitsky;
• "Abkhazian wofiirira";
• "Pomorie";
• "Adriatic Violet";
• "Shuya";
• Sukulu;
• "Dalmatian", ndi zina zotero.

Peach

Chikhalidwe ichi chimatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Komabe, mtengo uwu ndi thermophilic ndipo sizinthu zambiri zokhala ndi mungu wochokera ku mitundu.

Zotchuka kwambiri ndi izi:

• "Melitopol";
• "White Lebedeva";
• "Zokonda";
• Chosangalatsa;
• Virgil et al.

Njira yoyenera yosankha mitengo yamtengo wapatali mitengo imapangitsa kukolola bwino. Ngati mumagwirizanitsa mitundu ndikusintha mogwirizana ndi malamulo, mundawo udzabala chipatso ndikubweretsa chisangalalo kwa mwini wake.