Mnyamata wachilendo wochokera ku Africa dzuwa ndi dzina losazolowereka Knifofiya akhoza kukhala chokongoletsa chenicheni cha munda wako. Maluwa osazolowereka amawonekera bwino ndi zomera zosungulumwa pa udzu, komanso m'minda yambiri yokhala ndi maluwa ena mumaluwa. Zitha kukhala ngati zokongoletsera za m'munda kapena gombe.
Kufotokozera kwambiri kwa mitundu ndi zithunzi
Knifofia (kniphofia) ndi yosatha, yomwe ili maluwa okongola a banja la Asfodelova (Asphodelaceae) la banja la Xanthorrea (Xanthorrhoeaceae). Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi masamba obiriwira a mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umapanga mpweya wandiweyani. Knifofiya amawoneka bwino mu flowerbeds, ngakhale popanda maluwa amaluwa. M'mwezi wa July-September, mtambo wamtali, wopanda tsinde umapezeka kuchokera pakati pa chingwe, pamapeto pake pomwe phokoso lalikulu likupezeka. 
Kogfofiya yowonongeka imasonkhana mu sultanoid kapena spiciform inflorescence. Mphukira pa peduncle imafalikira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo, malingana ndi mtundu ndi kalasi ya kyphonia, maluwa imayamba kuchokera kumtunda wotsika pansi, kapena kuchokera kumunsi masamba. Ngati tilingalira maluwa onse padera, ndiye kuti mawonekedwewo amafanana ndi belu. Chodabwitsa chochititsa chidwi cha knofofia inflorescences ndikutembenuza mtundu: mtundu wakale wa mphukirawo ndi wofiira, umene, pamene maluwa amamasula, amasintha ku lalanje ndikukhala wolemera chikasu ndi mandimu.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la Knifofiya limachokera m'zaka za zana la XVIII, ndipo limatchulidwa kulemekeza dokotala wa ku Germany, wazamisiri, woyang'anira University of Erfurt, Johann Jeripho Kniphof. Anapangika pazomera za mbeu ndipo anali woyamba kufotokoza maluwawa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mitundu imeneyi imaphatikizapo mitundu 75 ya knofofiya, yomwe imapezeka m'madera onse otentha a Africa. Mitundu yotsatirayi ikulima pakatikati:
Mabulosi a Knifofiya ndi gulu lalikulu. Mapesi a maluwawa amatha kutalika kwa mamita awiri, ndipo kukula kwa inflorescences ndi masentimita 25. Mitunduyi idali yolima kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yotchuka kwambiri:
- kabuku ka mabulosi "Martian";
- kabuku ka mabulosi "Eskimo";
- korbofiya Macowan;
- "Dr. Kerr Lemon".
Kusiyana kwa mitunduyi kumachokera pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescences.
Ndikofunikira! Chomera ichi chingapezeke ndi mayina monga trioma, kniphofiya, butnokeptrum.
Hybrids knifofiya - mitundu yosiyana ya osatha, inamangidwa mwadongosolo, pogwiritsa ntchito mabulosi a kogogoda. Mitundu yotsatira kuchokera ku gulu ili ndi yotchuka kwambiri:
- Cobra;
- Rocket;
- "Kadinali";
- Atlanta.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wosatha - kabukuka ka Thompson, mapesi ake a maluwa amakula kufika mamita atatu.
Knukofiya Tukka ndi waufupi, kutalika kwake sikutalika masentimita 80, kukula kwa inflorescence ndi masentimita 15. Tukka ndi tsamba losazizira kwambiri, ndipo limakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Ikhoza kukhala wamkulu pawindo. Mitundu yowonjezereka ya gulu ili ndi:
- "Alcazar";
- "Celiano";
- "Fleming Torch".
Kusamalira ndi kubzala mbewu
Popeza maluwa otentha monga Africa ndi Madagascar osachepera dzuwa ndi malo obadwirako maluwa, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene mukubzala osatha. 
Kusankha malo
Kwa kukongola kwa ku Afrika, dzuwa ndi kuwala tsiku lonse ndizofunikira zofunika kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino. Pamalo othunzi, buku lachilombo limataya mtundu wake wodzaza, ndipo kukula kwake kumachepetsanso. Sakonda ma drafts. Amakula bwino m'madera otsika ndipo salekerera chinyezi chambiri.
Nthaka
Chikhalidwe ichi chidzagwirizana ndi dothi la mchenga lomwe lili bwino ndipo limamasulidwa. Kukula kwa fossa kumadalira pa mbeu yokha - momwe kuliri kwakukulu. Pansi pa maenje amatha kufalitsa madzi osanjikiza, kenaka pangani nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Olima amaluwa akulangizidwa kuti aike miyala yambiri yapafupi pafupi ndi landings ya kabukuka kapena kuigwedeza ndi zofiira. Njirazi zidzatsimikizira kuti nthaka idzatentha bwino.
Kuthirira
Knifofiya - kusagonjetsedwa kwa chilala osatha, zomwe sizikusowa kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. Knifofiya imakhala yotentha kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kulima pamalo okwezeka kapena malo omwe ali ndi madzi abwino.
Kupaka pamwamba
M'chaka, masamba obiriwira atangoyamba kuonekera, osatha amamera feteleza. Patapita nthawi, mukhoza kupanga feteleza monga mtundu wa humus, kompositi, peat.
Maluwa akamaliza, kabukuka kamadyetsedwa ndi feteleza, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu kapena phulusa, kotero kuti adzalandira zakudya zowonjezera komanso bwino kwambiri.
Mukhoza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zitsamba zokongola ndi zokolola za flowerbeds: fescue, meadow foxtail, miscanthus, fizostegiya, malo otentha.
Chisamaliro
Kusankha malo kwa kabuku, kubzala ndi chisamaliro chapadera panja, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Kuthira bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza, panthawi yake. Izi ndizigawo zitatu zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, maluwa ake.
Kudulira kumakhala kumapeto kwa kasupe, mwamsanga pogona padzakhala kuchotsedwa (ngati chomera chikuphimba panja). Chotsani zitsamba zakuda zakuda. Pambuyo osatha ottsvetet, mapesi ake amachotsedwa pansi pazu. Sizimveka kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku zomera zomwe zimakula mthupi mwathu, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta komanso sizikhala ndi maonekedwe a amayi.
Zima
M'dera lililonse la nyengo, nyengo yozizira ya knofofiya ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kumadera akum'mwera kwa nyengo yosatha kumunda, koma iyenera kubisika m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo ya m'dzinja, masamba osatha amangiriridwa kuti ateteze chinyezi kuti asalowe mu rosettes ya chomeracho, chowazidwa ndi masamba kapena chophimbidwa ndi masamba a spruce, ndipo filimu ikhoza kutenthedwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito filimuyo muyenera kupereka mabowo a mpweya wabwino; Mutha kungoyimitsa filimuyo pansi, kusiya mipata. Ndi chivundikirochi, chomera chimalolera chisanu ndi zizindikiro mpaka -15 ° C.
M'mphepete mwa kumpoto, kabuku ka nyengo yozizira kumalo osatseguka satsalira: chiyenera kukumbidwa, chiyikidwa mu chidebe ndi nthaka ya michere komanso wosanjikiza wabwino. Mazira osatha m'zipinda ndi kutentha kosapitirira + 8 ° C.
Kubalana kwa chikhalidwe
Knifofiya amachuluka ngati kukula kwa mbewu, komanso vegetatively. Njira yoyamba ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yosavomerezeka, popeza nthawi yathu yowonjezera ilibe masiku okwanira ofunika kuti apeze mbewu zabwino, choncho njira yachiwiri imakhala yowonjezereka.
Mbewu
Kwa ulimi wokhazikika, mbewu zokha zimagulidwa. Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa March, amafesedwa mu nthaka osakaniza (zilizonse, zokwanira kuti zinyontho, zamasamba komanso zowonjezera). Kuonjezera mbeu kumera, chidebe ndi mbewu chikuphimbidwa ndi filimu ndipo yasiya malowa kwa masabata 2-3. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kuwongolera ndipo nthaka yothira.
Zipatso zoyera zimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono kutentha, ndipo pamene masamba awiri amapangidwa, zomera zimatuluka muzitsulo zosiyana. Mu July, osatha kubzalidwa pamalo omwe anafunira. Kukula motere, duwa limamasula m'chaka chachitatu.
Kugawa chitsamba
Njira yosavuta yobweretsera chikhalidwe ichi. Chitsamba chachikulire ali ndi zaka zitatu chimapanga malo ogulitsira ana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kulekanitsidwa kwa zidutswa za ana aakazi ku chitsamba chachikulu ndi mpeni. Mdulidwewu wouma ndi wothira ndi makala. Pambuyo maola ochepa, mabowo amabzalidwa m'mitsuko yomwe anakonzedwa kale, yodzala ndi nthaka yosakaniza. Masabata oyambirira, mpaka chomeracho chizika mizu, chimamwe madzi ambiri, ndipo pamene icho chikukula - kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata. Ndifunikanso kupanga mthunzi wa kanthawi kochepa. Knifofiya inakula mwagawanitsa chitsamba, chimafalikira chaka chomwecho.
Kuwaza
Knifofiya ndi chomera chosatha, kotero musati nthawi zambiri mumusamutsire malo ndi malo. Opaleshoniyi idzakhala yolondola kokha ngati muzindikira kuti pamalo ano chomera chinayamba kuvulaza.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga lamulo, chomeracho chikudwala kawirikawiri. Pogonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyamwa masamba ndi tizilombo toyamwa (aphid, thrips, kangaude) zimatengedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndi madzi okwanira kawirikawiri kapena katemera, kabuku kamatha kutenga kachilombo ka matenda ngati root rot. Pofuna kuthana ndi mliriwu, nkofunika kuthana ndi mizu ndi fungicide. Ngati mutatha kuchita ndondomeko yosaonekayo, muyenera kuchotsa osatha kuchokera ku flowerbed, kuti musapatsire mbewu zina.
Kusakaniza ndi zomera zina
Pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa phokoso pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa knofofiya, m'pofunika kuganizira zenizeni za kusamalira mbewu, nthawi zambiri kuthirira, kudzala kutalika, nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi kukongola kwa ku Africa ndi awa:
Komanso, pofuna kukongoletsa bedi lanu la maluwa, zomera zosakanikirana ziyenera kutsutsana: balere balere, podophyll, ripsalis, stephanandra, hymenocallis, santolina, zomatira
- irises;
- sage;
- gypsophila;
- lupine;
- Eremurus;
- dahlia;
- zokolola zokongoletsera;
- salvia
Chikhalidwe chosasangalatsachi sichikufuna kuti chisamalire, chifukwa kulima kwake sikuyenera kukhala nthawi yochuluka komanso khama, ndipo pansi pa malamulo onse osamalira zomera - maluwa owala oyambirira adzasintha munda wako, kuti ukhale wapadera.
