Nkhumba yeniyeni yeniyeni ndiyani kulemera kumadalira

Pofuna kupeza zinyama zathanzi, wogula amafuna kupeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi zinyama ngati n'kotheka. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti khalidweli ndi labwino kwambiri, ndilo kulemera kwa ng'ombe zamphongo, chifukwa zimakhudza za umoyo wa ng'ombe, ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe, ndipo m'tsogolomu zidzakhudza zokolola zawo ndi zokolola za nyama.

Zamkatimu:

• Kodi ziweto zimasiyana bwanji malingana ndi mtunduwu?
• Mayi
• Nyama
• Nyama ndi mkaka
• Chomwe chimatsimikizira kulemera kwa ng'ombe
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Kudyetsa nyama
• Kuwombola ng'ombe: kuchuluka ndi kuchepa kwake

Kuchuluka kwa kulemera

Kulemera kwa ng'ombe (ng'ombe) zimapereka zambiri zambiri kwa oimira zinyama. Kotero, podziwa kulemera kwa thupi kwa nyama, zikhoza kunenedwa za thupi lake, komanso kukula kwake ndi chitukuko. Deta pa kuchuluka kwa burenka kapena ng'ombe yomwe ikulemera ndi kofunika pakuwerengera ndi kukonzekera zakudya, katemera wa katemera.

Mukudziwa? Matumbo a ng'ombe ndi olemera 30%.

Kulemera kwa ng'ombe kumakhudzidwa ndi izo.:

• zaka;
• mtundu;
• pansi

Pochita zinyama, ndizozoloŵera kusiyanitsa zigawo zotsatirazi:

• kusankha - kulemera kwake kuli pa 450-500 makilogalamu;
• kalasi yoyamba - kulemera kwa 450 kg;
• kalasi yachiwiri - kulemera kwa ng'ombe ndi mkati mwa makilogalamu 400;
• kalasi yachitatu - makilogalamu 300.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa misala ya nyama ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulakwitsa kwa makilogalamu 30 kwa munthu wamkulu, izi zikhoza kusonyeza chakudya cholakwika ndi zakudya, komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda.

Bull

Ng'ombe yochuluka imafunika nthawi imodzi ndi theka, ng'ombe yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi 700-800 makilogalamu, pamene imakhala ndi ng'ombe yaikulu yamtundu waukulu wa nyama, chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kufika pa tani ndipo chimadutsa mtengo umenewu, wokwana makilogalamu 1200. Ng'ombe

Nkhosa yamphongo ikhoza kulemera makilogalamu 350, koma osachepera, ngati siyikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku miyala yaing'ono.

Ng'ombe zanyama zimatha kulemera 700 kg, ngati zoposa zaka ziwiri ndipo zimasungidwa bwino.

Onani ng'ombe izi: Simmental, Dutch, Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Aberdeen-Angus, Black-White, Red Steppe, Kalmyk, Kakhakh, Highland, Yaroslavl, Brown Latvia, Shorthorn ndi Holmogory.

Ng'ombe

Pa kubadwa, kulemera kwa ng'ombe kuyenera kukhala kocheperapo 10 peresenti ya kulemera kwake kwa thupi la mayi, komwe kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 40. Zingasinthe ndipo zimadalira kulemera ndi kubadwa kwa makolo a mwanayo.

Ng'ombe zikukula mofulumira, monga ana obadwa kumene, ayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti amvetse kuchuluka kwa zomwe amapindula, kaya zonse zili bwino ndi thanzi komanso ngati pakufunikira kusintha kusintha kwa zakudya za ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe. Pamene ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kulemera kwa mwana wa ng'ombe kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi makilogalamu khumi, pafupifupi, amapeza makilogalamu 30, ndiko kuti, iwo amawirikiza maulendo awo obadwa. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, amasamutsidwa kupita ku chakudya chambiri, koma kawirikawiri kamodzi pamwezi, amayeza kulemera kwake.

Kodi ziweto zimasiyana bwanji malingana ndi mtunduwu?

Akatswiri omwe ali ndi zoweta zoweta ng'ombe ndi mtundu wake, amafunika ng'ombe pafupifupi 1,000. Komabe, zonsezi zigawanika kukhala mitundu itatu, motengera cholinga chawo mu chuma:

• mkaka;
• nyama;
• nyama ndi mkaka.

Mayi

Chinthu chosiyana ndi mankhwala a mkaka angatchedwe:

• mkaka wamtengo wapatali;
• nyama yopatsa thanzi.

Zina mwa zoweta zamtundu umenewu mitundu yofala kwambiri m'madera athu ndi awa:

• Nthambi yofiira. Polemera, ng'ombe imatha kufika 400-500 makilogalamu, ndipo ngati gobies, onse ndi 900 kg;
• Mdima ndi woyera. Pafupifupi, imatenga hafu ya tani, ndi ng'ombe - 800 kg;
• Kholmogorskaya. Ambiri ambiri a ng'ombe adzakhala 500 makilogalamu, koma oimira a mtundu uwu akhoza kupachika 800 kg;
• Golshtinsky. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa ziweto, chifukwa ng'ombe yamphongoyi imakhala ndi mailo 650, pamene ng'ombe imatha kukhala ndi makilogalamu 1200.

Ng'ombe zoweta zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda monga ketosis, cysticercosis, khansa ya m'magazi, mastitis, udder edema, pasteurellosis, matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa, kapena matenda a ziboda.

Nyama

Pogwiritsa ntchito ziweto za mitundu iyi, mungatchule zinthu zosiyana monga:

• kupindula mwamsanga;
• nyama yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kukula kwa minofu;
• kukoma koyeretsedwa.

Mwa mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya ng'ombe, mungathe kufotokoza:

• Hereford. Ng'ombe yayikulu ikhoza kulemera kwa 500-600 kg, ndi ng'ombe - 800-1100 g. Nyama imatulutsa - 53-65%, nthawi zambiri 70%;
• Mitundu ya Aberdeen-Angus. Ng'ombe zimalandila mamita 500-600, ndipo ng'ombezo ndizochepa - pafupifupi 800 kg. Kuchokera kwa mankhwala - 60%;
• Sharolez akubala. Ng'ombe yayikulu ikupeza makilogalamu 1,200, ndi ng'ombe yamphongo - 800, ngakhale kuti ili ndi nyama zambiri komanso si mafuta, komanso zokolola zazikulu za mankhwala;
• Chiyukireniya nyama. Amakhala odzichepetsa kwambiri pakudya, chifukwa amadya zomera zilizonse, pofika miyezi 16 ya makilogalamu 550. Komanso, khungu la ng'ombe za mtundu uwu limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsapato;
• Znamenovskaya. Zili ndi mitundu yambiri yazing'ono, popeza ng'ombe ya mtundu uwu idzalemera makilogalamu 550, ndi ng'ombe - 700 kg. Nsalu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga nsapato, matumba.

Nyama ndi mkaka

Oimira mitundu imeneyi ali ndi thupi lamphamvu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mkaka komanso mankhwala.

Amabala nyama zambiri kuposa mkaka, komanso mkaka wochuluka kuposa nyama. Kuchuluka kwalemera - mulimita 550-900 makilogalamu, malingana ndi pansi.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka makumi awiri, ngakhale kuti zilipo nthawi yaitali. Ng'ombe zimakhala zaka zopitirira khumi ndi zisanu.

Mitundu ya KRG ndi mitundu ya mkaka, yomwe imapezeka pakati pa obereketsa, ali:

• Brown Carpathian;
• Lebedinskaya;
• Alatau;
• Krasnaya Gorbatovskaya;
• Yurinskaya;
• Schwycki;
• Tambov wofiira;
• Yorkshire;
• Bulauni;
• Simmental

Simmental

Chomwe chimatsimikizira kulemera kwa ng'ombe

Kulemera kwa ziweto kumadalira mwachindunji pa zikhalidwe zomwe akukonzekera, komanso pa chakudya chodyetsedwa ndi ziweto. Palinso zotsatila za kuswana ndi kusamalira, malingana ndi mtundu wa ng'ombe komanso mitundu ya ng'ombe.

Mwachitsanzo, nkhuku za nyama sizinkafunikila ndipo ngakhale kwina ndithu, msipu wamatali ndi wotopetsa umatsutsana, chifukwa amatha kutaya zolemera zawo. Iwo akulangizidwa kuti akule mu khola.

Koma ng ombe za mkaka zimalimbikitsidwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyenda kumalo odyetserako ziweto zomwe zimatha kupuma mpweya wabwino.

Ndikofunikira! Chilengedwe, zakudya ndi zakudya, nyengo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta zimakhudza thanzi ndi kulemera kwa ziweto.

Zomwe amangidwa

Pokonza nkhokwe yoweta ng'ombe, kufunika kwa zinthu monga:

• nyengo ya kutentha. Kulowa sikuyenera kukhala koziziritsa + 10 ° C, ngati sikuli kuzizira, ng'ombe zazikulu komanso +15 ° C kwa ana;
• chinyezi mu chipinda;
• kuunikira bwino;
• mpweya wokhazikika;
• palibe phokoso, bata.

Ndi bwino kusamalira msipu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakwera mtengo, pamene thupi la ng'ombe likhoza kukula bwino, kayendetsedwe kake sikalembedwa, imapuma mpweya wabwino, zoumba dzuwa. Zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri pakuyenda pa msipu ndi ng'ombe za mkaka ndi mkaka.

Kudyetsa nyama

Kudyetsa bwino mwadongosolo kuyenera kukhala koyenera kwambiri. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Chakudya cha ndiwo zamasamba: zokoma (udzu, silage, mizu yokolola), coarse (udzu, udzu), wambiri (zowonongeka, njere);
• nyama;
• mankhwala ndi microbiological kaphatikizidwe;
• chakudya ndi zosakaniza zopatsa;
• vitamini ndi mchere wambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera kwa mpendadzuwa, kelekisi ndi thonje ya keke imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka, ndi poppy, hemp ndi rapesed mosiyana.

Kuwombola ng'ombe: kuchuluka ndi kuchepa kwake

Kodi wofalitsa nyama amatsutsa zotani za ntchito yawo? Pali mitundu ikuluikulu komanso yambiri ya ng'ombe, komabe pakati pa oimira nyamazi pali zimphona.

Ng'ombe:

1. Woimira wamkulu wa KRG amaonedwa kuti ndi Donnetto.amene ankakhala ku Switzerland m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Kulemera kwake - makilogalamu 1740, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafota - 190 masentimita. Iye anali mtundu wa Porcelain.
2. Mpaka lero, palibe titanium yomwe imakhala ku England. Amabereka Charolais ndipo dzina lake ndi Field Marshal. Unyinji wake ndi 1700 makilogalamu, ndipo unali wautali mamita 190.
3. Chinanso chachikulu chimatchedwa Chile, wokhala ku Fern (Britain). Ndilo mtundu wa Freesian, wochokera ku Porcelain. Kulemera kwake ndi 1300 makilogalamu
4. Yambani mtundu wachibadwidwe imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 1,200 ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwa 196 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli kovuta, ndi 4.3 mamita.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mitundu ya ng'ombe ya mafuta.

Ng'ombe:

1. Olemba mbiri yosatha ndi freenka, amene anakhala kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX. Deta yake imalowa mu Guinness Book of Records, ndipo nkutheka kuti iye sadzapeza wotsutsana, chifukwa cholemera chake chinali 2,270 kg. Dzina lake linali Mount Katadin, iye anali wosakanizidwa wa mtundu wa Holstein-Durmmanian. Anali mamita 3,96 mu 18th masentimita ndi 188 pamene amafota.
2. Mwini mwiniwake wa mutu wakuti "chimphona" ndi Big Cow Chilli. Ndiloposa matani olemera ndi 183 cm wamtali.

Kulemera kwake kwa ng'ombe ndi kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumasonyeza kuti umoyo wa nyama uli bwanji. Ng'ombe zambiri zimadalira mtundu wake ndipo zakudya zake komanso zamoyo zimakhudza. Pali njira zambiri zowunika kulemera, chifukwa mbali yofunikirayi imathandiza kwambiri kugula ziweto.