Mimba (mimba) ya ng'ombe: mawu, kalendala, tebulo

Ng'ombe yotenga mimba imasowa chisamaliro chapadera ndi chisamaliro, chisamaliro ndi kudyetsa, chifukwa osati thanzi lake lokha limadalira izi, komanso thanzi la mwana amene amamubereka.

Tidzakuuzani m'mene mungadziwire mimba mbuzi komanso momwe mungawasamalire m'nthawi yovutayi.

Zamkatimu:

• Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati pa ng'ombe
• Masiku ambiri ndi ozolowereka
• Zingati zitha kusamukira
• Momwe mungadziwire ng'ombe yokhala ndi pakati kapena ayi
• M'mwezi woyamba mutatha kulanda
• Kumapeto kwa mwezi ukatha umuna
• Kalendala ya mimba ndi calving
• Miyezi ya mimba
• Chisamaliro ndi zakudya za ng'ombe zazikazi
• Kudyetsa ng'ombe pamaso pa calving
• Kudyetsa mwachindunji madzulo a calving
• Matenda ndi mavuto pamene ali ndi mimba
• Ndemanga

Kodi ng'ombe imatanthauzanji?

Zenizeni, zikutanthawuza "ng'ombe ya pakati." Komabe, ndi mwambo kutchula ng'ombe yamimba yokhala ndi pakati, yomwe imatanthauza "ndi mwana". Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ng'ombe yamimba ndi ng'ombe imene yakhala ikukoma bwino mwa njira yachibadwa kapena yopangira.

Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati pa ng'ombe

Chiyambi cha mimba ndibwino kuti umuna ukhale wabwino, ndipo mapeto ali ndi calving yabwino. Amakhulupirira kuti njirayi mu ng'ombe imatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu kapena khumi, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ndi theka. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala zopotoka mu njira imodzi kapena ina, ndipo tidzakuuzani zambiri za izi.

Mukudziwa? Pali ng'ombe zoposa 1 biliyoni padziko lapansi.

Masiku ambiri ndi ozolowereka

Kutalika kwa mimba yachibadwa ndi pafupi masiku 285. Koma nthawiyi ili pafupi, komanso zinyama zina, ng'ombe, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zimatha kumatha nthawi yambiri kuposa nthawi yeniyeni.

Zingati zitha kusamukira

N'zotheka kusuntha chipatso cha ng'ombe yaikazi kwa masiku angapo kapena masabata angapo. Zikatero, mimba ingawonjezeke mpaka masiku 311.

Momwe mungadziwire ng'ombe yokhala ndi pakati kapena ayi

Pali njira zingapo zodziwira mimba. Zitha kugawidwa m'njira zapakhomo ndi njira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono.

M'mwezi woyamba mutatha kulanda

Mwezi woyamba mutatha kudula, kukhazikitsa mimba ya ng'ombe sikovuta kwambiri. Izi zikusonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo zakunja:

1. Ng'ombeyo inayamba kukhala mwamtendere, idakhala chete, koma panthaŵi yomweyi yochenjeza.
2. Wakulaketsa chakudya chake.
3. Sizimapanga phokoso ndipo sizitcha ng'ombe.
4. Zisokonezo zosaoneka zimapezeka pamtundu wamkati wa ng'ombe.
5. Chovalacho chimakhala chosalala ndi chowala, zolimba thupi.

Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe ikakhala itatha nthawi yowonongeka imasonyezeranso nkhaŵa, imayamba kutentha - feteleza inalephera.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi ukatha umuna

Panthawi imeneyi, zida zapadera zidzafunikanso kudziwa mimba. Kusintha kumachitika m'magazi a ng'ombe - kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumasiyana. Ndipo kuyesa koyenera kwa magazi kudzawonetsa kuyamba kwa mimba. Njira ina yodziwira mimba ndi ultrasound. Koma ngakhale apa pali chidziwikiritso - ma ultrasound amachitika osachepera masiku makumi atatu atalowa. Ngati kale, kupititsa padera kungayambitse.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati pakapita miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mwanayo amatha kukhala ndi chibwenzi, mayesero sangasonyeze zochitika zenizeni: mahomoni amagazi a ng'ombe kwa miyezi itatu pambuyo pa calving samasintha.

Gwiritsani ntchito mapepala apadera, mayeso okhudzana ndi mimba.

Malo apadera mukutanthauzira kutenga mimba ndi njira yachitsulo. Chofunika kwambiri cha njirayi ndi chakuti wofalitsa nyama wamba kapena veterinarian amayesa chiberekero poyesa kupyolera mu makoma a rectum. Zimapangidwa ndi zoyera (popanda zilonda ndi misomali yakuthwa) manja, kapena popanda magolovesi, ndipo nkhuku iyenera kukhala yopuma. Mothandizidwa ndi kufufuza kolemba pamtundu kukumbukira:

1. Kusintha kwa mtengo wa chiberekero.
2. Maonekedwe a chiwalo chobereka.
3. Kusagwirizana kwa makoma.
4. Kusakanikirana
5. Kuyika ku peritoneum.
6. Ovarian chikhalidwe.

Amayambitsanso kachilombo kake (kumayambiriro koyamba) ndikuyang'ana kachilombo ka HIV.

Pali njira zodzifunira zokhazokha za mimba, popanda kukhudzana ndi veterinarian. Izi zikuyesa kufufuza mkaka ndi kuyaka mkaka. Koma tisaiwale kuti njirazi zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati zogwiritsidwa bwino.

Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire za ng'ombe zabwino kwambiri.

Kugawanika kwa ziwalo za m'mimba Njira yomwe imapezeka kokha kwa wobadwa bwino kwambiri, kayendetsedwe kakang'ono kopanda chidwi kakhoza kuvulaza mwanayo. Kusanthula kumachitika m'mawa kwambiri, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuyesa mkaka Pakhomo, mkaka pang'ono uyenera kusakanizidwa ndi mowa womwewo. Ngati patapita kanthawi mkaka umachepetsedwa - izi zidzakhala chizindikiro cha kupambana. Kapena njira ina: gwiritsani madzi abwino ozizira mozizira mu galasi ndikugwetsa dontho la mkaka watsopano. Ngati phokoso limasanduka malo ooneka ngati a mtambo, ng'ombeyo idzakhala ng'ombe; ngati dontho limatha, zotsatira zake ndi zoipa.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe ya moyo wawo wonse imapereka magalasi 200,000 a mkaka.

Kalendala ya mimba ndi calving

Kalendala iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera nthawi yoyenera kubadwa kwa mwana wang'ombe ndikupereka ng'ombeyo ndi chisamaliro chofunikira. Kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala kudzathandizanso kudziwa ngati ultrasound ikhoza kuchitidwa pa ng'ombe, masiku omwe amasintha ayenera kupangidwa kwa zakudya zake ndi zina zotero.

Kalendala sikhoza kupereka tsiku lenileni la calving - nthawi zonse pali vuto linalake, lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga: iyi ndi yoyamba kubadwa kapena ng'ombe yomwe ili ndi ana; Ku Burenka mtundu, msinkhu wake, ndi zina zotero.

Koma, monga momwe zingakhalire, kalendala idzakuthandizira mu bungwe ndi kukhazikitsa chisamaliro choyenera kwa nyama.

Miyezi ya mimba

Pali magawo atatu kapena magawo a mimba mu ng'ombe:

1. Germ.
2. Fetal.
3. Fetal.

Germinal gawo. Wamfupi kwambiri. Zimayamba ndi umuna wa dzira ndikutha ndi nthawi yokhala ndi zygote ku khoma la chiberekero.

Embryonic gawo. Chiyambi chake ndi nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa ovum mu khoma la uterine. Kutalika kwa gawoli ndi miyezi iwiri. Panthawi imeneyi, machitidwe onse a thupi - dongosolo la mitsempha, kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka magazi, kayendedwe ka magazi kamene kamayambitsa mawonekedwe a magazi, mafupa ndi minofu, ndipo ziwalo za mkati zimapangidwa m'mimba. Chimake cha embryonic chimatha ndi mapangidwe a placenta.

Gawo la Fetal. Mbewu ya zipatso ikukula, kukonzanso ndipo machitidwe ake onse akupangidwa mpaka mapeto. Gawolo limatha ndi calving.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimagwiritsa ntchito magnetic field - Iwo ali pa mpumulo pokhapokha pamphepete mwa mphamvu yamunda.

Chisamaliro ndi zakudya za ng'ombe zazikazi

Kusamalira bwino komanso kudyetsa ng ombe ya pakati kumathandiza kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, lactation komanso mkaka wofunikira. Ganizirani zochitika za chisamaliro ndi kuyamba ndi kukonzekera koyamba kwa calving.

Maziko a kukonzekera kumeneku ndi bwino kusamalira zinyama. Ndikofunika kupereka zinthu zabwino ndikudyetsa, zopindulitsa ndi mavitamini ndi minerals. Nthawi yomwe ng'ombeyo ikudyetserako ziweto zachepa - kuchepetsa kudya mowa kwambiri chakudya, koma kumakhala mpweya watsopano, monga kunja kumathandiza:

1. Chifukwa cha mpweya wokwanira, magazi amawoneka bwino m'thupi.
2. Kuyenda, nyama imakula minofu ndipo imalimbitsa zida zowonongeka, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri musanayambe kuyamwa.
3. Zochita "zachilimwe" zimakhudza thupi ndi calciferol, zomwe ndizofunika kulimbitsa mafupa a chidendene ndi mwana.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe zofunikira za msipu mu msipu.

Pa nthawi yowuma (kumapeto kwa lactation ndi mpaka calving yatsopano) kudyetsa kumachitika molingana ndi ndondomeko, kutsatira zakudya zina ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mavitamini, mchere ndi mafuta omwe amakhudza lactation ndi mkaka. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha, mpweya wabwino komanso kumwa moyenera.

Pansi pali mlingo woyenera wa ng'ombe yowuma, youma ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 500, zomwe zimatulutsa mkaka wa 4000 makilogalamu mkaka ndi mafuta 4%:

Pa chitukuko, mwanayo amafunikira mchere ndi mavitamini ambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawu ndi feteleza kumawonjezeka, kotero, kumafuna zakudya zambiri za intrauterine.

Kudyetsa ng'ombe pamaso pa calving

Masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (15) pasanafike tsiku loti calving ikhale yotheka, ng ombe imasamutsidwa kudyetsa chakudya kuchokera ku chimanga cha msipu, ndipo chakudya chochokera ku zakudya chimachotsedwa palimodzi kapena chatsalira pa ndalama zosaposa kilogalamu pa tsiku. Komanso kuchokera ku zakudya zimaphatikizapo zakudya zokoma - mumadzi thupi komanso mochuluka. Musaiwale za mlingo wa zochitika zomwe mwapeza, mwachitsanzo, calcium imayenera 9-10 g pa tsiku, ndi phosphorous - 7-8 g.

Madzulo a calving, chakudya cha chakudya chimapangidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1. Kukula ndi udzu udzu - 60%.
2. Chakudya chokwanira - 24%.
3. Zakudya zowawa - 16%.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zizindikiro za ng'ombe zouma.

Ichi ndicho chiwerengero chabwino cha chakudya pasanafike. Poyankhula za mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku musanayambe kubereka, tikuzindikira kuti ng'ombeyo ikufunikira makilogalamu 10 a udzu. Ngati pazifukwa zilizonse sizingatheke kupereka zambiri, amapereka zochepa, koma onjezerani mavitamini pamakonzedwe a veterinarian. Kudyetsa kumachitika katatu patsiku, komanso kuthiridwa katatu, kokha ndi madzi ochada kapena owiritsa pa kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C. Kuwonjezera pa chakudya cholimbikitsidwa, onetsetsani kuti mupereka kuchokera 30 mpaka 50 g mchere ndi choko. Pa nthawi yoyamba youma (masiku 60-20 musanayambe), chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chodzaza ndi zitsulo komanso zakudya zokhazokha zokhazokha zopanda zitsulo ndi nkhungu. Makamaka ayenera kulipira kulemera kwa thupi kwa nyama - ziyenera kukhala zosasinthika, ngati kuli koyenera, chakudya chimakhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi.

Ndikofunikira! Mu nthawi youma, nyemba ndi mchere mumadya nyama sizimaloledwa!

Nthawi yachiwiri yowuma, chakudya cha ng'ombe sichinasinthe kwambiri, koma pafupi ndi calving, kudzaza kuchepa kwa mphamvu, ng'ombe zimaonjezeranso zowonjezera ndi mavitamini.

Kudyetsa mwachindunji madzulo a calving

Masabata atatu musanayambe kukonzekera kuti mukhale ndi ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mkaka, kudyetsa kumachitika mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko iyi:

1. 21-14 masiku asanayambe kudyetsa kudya katatu patsiku, ndipo makilogalamu awiri a chakudya chachikulu amatsitsidwa ndi 1 makilogalamu a osakaniza.
2. Masiku 14 asanawoneke, 2 kg ya chakudya chachikulu amaperekedwa katatu patsiku, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, 1 makilogalamu a kuika patsogolo amawonjezeredwa m'mawa ndi madzulo kudyetsa, ndipo 2 kg masana amadyetsa.
3. Mu sabata lomaliza - 2 kg ya chakudya chachikulu ndi 2 makilogalamu ofunika pa chakudya chilichonse.

Payekha, ziyenera kuzindikirika mbali za kudyetsa ng'ombe yodwala m'nyengo yozizira. Panthawiyi, zakudyazo ziyenera kupindula ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya komanso mavitamini. Zowonjezerapo zowonjezera, mafuta a nsomba, yisiti ya chakudya ndi mavitamini apadera. Komanso mu zakudya ayenera kukhala chimanga ndi keke.

Kulephera kwa dzinja kwa zinthu zina kumalipiritsidwa chifukwa cha ufulu wopezeka kwa mchere ku mchere wamchere ndi nthambi za mitengo ya coniferous (makamaka pine).

Mukudziwa? Mphindi imodzi, ng ombe imapanga nsagwada yokhala ndi makina pafupifupi 100.

Matenda ndi mavuto pamene ali ndi mimba

Pakati pa mimba, thupi la ng'ombe limatengedwa ndi matenda ndipo n'zosatheka kudziwa pasadakhale kuti ndi liti komanso zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Choncho, kupewa matenda kumabwera.

Zina mwazochitetezo zingadziwike:

1. Kudyetsa bwino nyama, kupindulitsa ndi mavitamini, ngati kuli koyenera - jekeseni wa ayodini ndi zinthu zina zofunika, monga mankhwala monga Sedimin ndi Chectonica, Calfort D3.
2. Kuphimba zikopa za ng'ombe kuti zichotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
3. Kutulutsa mphutsi ndi mankhwala ndi mapiritsi (mwachitsanzo, Ivermek kapena Ivermectin).

Ng'ombe ikatenga nthendayi, iwonetsa zizindikiro zakunja. Ngati chimbudzi chikukhudzidwa, nyamayo siidzasaka, mukhoza kukhala ndi zotayirira komanso zobaya, mwinamwake kutaya matumbo akuluakulu. Ngati njira ya kupuma imakhudzidwa, padzakhala kuwomba, kutentha ndi malungo kuchokera pachifuwa. Pa matenda opatsirana, clostridiosis ndi brucellosis ziyenera kudziwika, zotsirizirazo ndizoopsa kwambiri - zimakhudza kwambiri ng'ombe ya pakati ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale padera.

Zowopsa kwambiri za ng'ombe pa nthawiyi ndi izi:

1. Kutuluka kunja
2. Kuyesera koyambirira.
3. Kuwonongedwa kwa maselo kapena zinyama m'magazi, kuwonongeka, kutayika m'mimba kwa mwana.
4. Kusungunuka kwa madzi mu fetus kapena fetal membranes.
5. Edema.
6. Vaginal prolapse.
7. Kupotoza chiberekero.

Werengani za momwe mungaperekerere kutupa kwa ng ombe ndi chifukwa chake kuli koyera koweta ng'ombe.

Zovutazi ndizoopsa kwambiri, choncho pazizindikiro zochepa muyenera kuonana ndi veterinarian nthawi yomweyo. Malinga ndi chithandizo choyamba, ndibwino kuti muyambe kukambirana ndi veterinarian ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi malangizo ake. Ngakhalenso wofalitsa wodziwa zambiri sangathe kusintha katswiri wodziwa bwino.

Pakati pa mimba, ng'ombe imasowa kwambiri. Chisamaliro, kusamalidwa nthawi zonse ndi kusamalidwa bwino kumatsimikizira kuti pali mtundu wabwino komanso thanzi la nyama.

Ndemanga