Peyala ndilo mtengo wachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri pamtengo wa apulo, umene umakula ndi wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi akatswiri wamaluwa m'mayiko ambiri a Russia ndi omwe kale anali mbali ya USSR. Mtengowo unakula kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphatikizapo zifukwa ziwiri - kuthekera kupirira m'malo ovuta a m'madera oyandikana ndi madera ena apakati a kumpoto (makamaka makamaka mitundu yowonjezereka ya chisanu), komanso kukoma ndi mafuta osakumbukira a mapeyala, omwe, kuphatikizapo ndi kusungidwa mosamalitsa, mosavuta kusinthidwa ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha monga maziko odyera ndi zakumwa, komanso monga zofunikira zofunika pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana mbale, soups ndi zokhwasula-khwasula.
Gulu Kulamulira tizilombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mwachidule mankhwala onse omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwonongeke. Liwu lapadziko lonse, limaphatikizapo matanthawuzo awiri - tizilombo - tizilombo ndi tizilombo - kuti tifotokoze. Aktara Aktara ndi mankhwala opangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a granules. Izi zikuchokera ku gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tizilombo.
Ngakhale kuti pakati pa kanjedza yonse, mtengo wa kanjedza ndi wosagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, iwo samapitirira. M'nkhaniyi titha kumvetsa chifukwa chake kanjedza chimalira ndi zomwe tingachite pazochitika zoterezi. Mtambo wa kanjedza (Phoenix) wakhala ukulimidwa kuyambira zaka 4,000 BC. zipatso zabwino.
Mbuye aliyense, akukumana ndi vuto la ulamuliro wapamwamba mu nyumba, amaganizira momwe angachotsere mbewa mu nyumba kosatha. Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa za eni nyumba, nyumba zazing'ono ndi nyumba, zomwe zikukumana ndi vutoli, makamaka kugwa - pachimake cha kuphulika kwa makoswe. Tiyeni tikambirane momwe tingatulutsire mbewa kuchokera kunyumba kapena nyumba mwamsanga komanso mosamala.
Chaka chilichonse m'minda imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yomwe imatchedwa kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, sotsutsana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, sichimakonda mbatata zokha, koma ndi mbewu zina zowonongeka: tomato, belu tsabola, eggplant. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavitamini pa ndemanga za wamaluwa ndiwo mankhwala "Tanrek."
Munda wathu ndi munda zimakhala ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadyetsa zomera zomwe zimalimidwa kapena kuwononga mbewu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timaphatikizapo zitsulo, zomwe zidzakambidwa m'nkhaniyi. Wodziwika kwa aliyense monga "tizilombo toyang'anira nkhokwe", ikhozanso kuwononga malo obiriwira, kotero muyenera kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kachilomboka kuti muwononge mwamsanga.
Mng'oma ndi imodzi mwa adani oopsa kwambiri komanso odana ndi wamaluwa. Nkhupakupa zimapulumuka nthawi zambiri zotentha, zowuma, zosasangalatsa ndi zina zowononga. Pasanapite nthawi, minda iliyonse yamaluwa inadutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Talingalirani chifukwa chake zigawenga za akangaude ndizoopsa komanso zosasangalatsa zomwe zimachita ndi zomera zathu, ndi mtundu wanji wa tiziromboti ndi momwe tingamenyane nawo.
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya chilimwe, timasamalira mitengo, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zomera zina zomwe tikuyesera kukula mu chiwembu chathu. Ntchito yaikulu ya a kottager ndi kupeza zipatso zabwino komanso zathanzi, zomwe zidzasangalatsa m'chilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Chovuta chachikulu pakukula zomera ndikumenyana ndi tizirombo.
Minda iliyonse imayang'anizana ndi tizirombo kapena matenda a zomera zawo m'munda. Masiku ano n'zovuta kusankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athetse nawo. Nkhaniyi ndi yokhudza "Abiga-Peak" ndi ntchito zake, zolemba ndi phindu la ntchito. "Abiga-Pik": chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira ya "Abiga-Pika" ili ndi mkuwa oxychloride ndi 400 g pa lita imodzi yothetsera.
Nkhumba zamatabwa ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa kwambiri panthawi yosungirako. Amadyetsa balere, mpunga, tirigu, buckwheat, chimanga komanso pasitala. Chiwombankhanga chingayambitse kutayika kwakukulu kwa nkhokwe za tirigu. Alimi amaganiza kuti maonekedwe ake ndi oopsa chabe, chifukwa kachilombo kakang'ono kameneka kangabweretse vuto losalephereka kukolola.
Zomwe zimapezeka kuyambira ubwana zimapereka mwa ife kuti nyerere ndi tizilombo tofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka, si choncho. Kunyumba ndi wakuda munda - nyerere izi, kukhala m'nyumba, kumunda kapena kutentha, amatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri. Pogwiritsira ntchito ammonia amadzimadzi kwa onse, mutha kuchotsa nyerere kwa nthawi yaitali.
Biringanya ndi za Solanaceae ya banja. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa micronutrients zopindulitsa ndi mavitamini ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za zakudya zoyenera. Choyamba chinalidwa kumadera akum'mwera chakum'maƔa kwa Asia, choncho chimakonda nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha. M'madera ena, zimakula, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kubzala kumapangidwa ndi mmera.
Mwinamwake palibe chiwembu cha munda kapena munda chomwe chili chonse popanda nyerere. Ndipotu, akhoza kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse: pansi, pamtengo, pansi pa miyala. Ambiri mwa iwo amakonda kumanga zisa zawo mwachindunji pafupi ndi munthu, makamaka, akhoza kusankha pansi kapena makoma. Zomwe sizidzakhala zosangalatsa ndizomwe zili pafupi ndi nyerere zakuda ndi zofiira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Calypso ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi Bayer kupha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Zili ndi ubwino wake ndi zodzitetezera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso chida chilichonse m'munda wamaluwa. Zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi kutulutsa mawonekedwe Tiacloprid kuyimitsidwa kutsindika komwe kuli ndi 480 g ya chigawo chachikulu mu 1 lita imodzi yokonzekera.
Kugwira ntchito m'mundamo kapena m'munda, aliyense wa ife anakumana ndi vuto la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitengo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimadwala matendawa. Palibe vuto tiyenera kunyalanyaza nkhondoyi. Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunziranso momwe mungagonjetse tizilombo tokwiyitsa mothandizidwa ndi njira zodula komanso zotsika mtengo.
Pakati pa mankhwala njira yomenyana ndi Medvedka pa malo, wamaluwa amaitana zothandiza mankhwala masamba ndi mankhwala Medvetoks. Tidawafunsa akatswiri kuti mankhwalawa ndi opindulitsa bwanji, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Mukudziwa? Medvedka sakonda kukhala mumtunda wouma, choncho agronomists amalangiza kuti azikwera pabedi ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 20.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ngakhale malo osungidwa bwino kwambiri m'munda. Koma asayansi sakuima chilili kufunafuna njira zabwino zothetsera mliriwu, ndipo tsopano pofuna kuthetsa ziphuphu, mungagwiritse ntchito ... zina zowononga. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza za njira imodzi - kukonzekera "Nemabakt", amene amapanga makampani a St. Petersburg "Biodan".
Imodzi mwa tizirombo zoopsa ndi bere ndi cockchafer. Malo abwino kwambiri a moyo wawo alimizidwa bwino, dothi lolemera kwambiri, komanso nthaka yothirira. Kuti muteteze katundu wanu kwa tizirombozi, muyenera kudziwa za kusiyana pakati pa mphutsi ndi mbozi ya May, monga chithunzi chomwe chingasokonezedwe.
Maloto a nyengo yonse ya chilimwe ndi mbewu yochuluka komanso yokoma, osati kuwonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Koma, mwatsoka, ichi ndi maloto chabe, chifukwa zokolola zili zokoma osati za eni eni okha, komanso zowononga. Ndipo kuyesetsa kwakukulu kwa okonda masamba ku mabedi kupita kumenyana ndi tizilombo.
Mwamsanga pamene nyerere zimapezeka m'munda kapena m'munda, nsomba za nsabwe za m'masamba ziyenera kuyembekezera posachedwa. Ndipo kuseri kwake, padzakhala mabakiteriya ndi matenda a fungal. Kawirikawiri, mulibe mwayi wokhazikika m'munda wamaluwa ndi oyandikana nawo. Ndipo ngati palibe chomwe chikuchitika, ndiye kuti musadalire kukolola.
Mealybug ndi tizilombo kamene kamangokhala ndi chithandizo chamoyo china. Kupweteka kwa wodwala mmodzi, wofiira nthawi yomweyo amapeza yotsatira. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wofiira, koma tsopano amadziwika kuti ndiwo majeremusi akuluakulu. Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawoneka bwanji? Sayansi imadziwa zoposa 2,200 mitundu ya banja la mealybug.