Gulu Mitengo ya mkati

Fern, kapena nephrolepis (lat Nephrolepis) ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri wokongoletsera, umene umadziwika ndi alimi onse chifukwa chobzala panja, komanso pakati pa wamaluwa omwe amawabzala m'menemo. Komabe, kawirikawiri eni eni ake amakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndipo amauma maluwa kapena, monga momwe amachitira mu zomera izi, dziwe.

Ngati mwatopa kukula m'nyumba maluwa miphika yamba, timapereka mwayi kulenga nyumba mini-wowonjezera kutentha - duwa florarium. Njira yodalirikayi ingakuthandizeni kupanga zokongoletsera zabwino pa malo alionse. Tsopano mumaphunzira kupanga florarium ndi manja anu ndipo mutha kudziwa bwino ndondomeko yothandizira pakuchita ntchitoyi.

Mtengo wobiriwira, womwe umatulutsa fungo lokoma la coniferous, umapanga mpweya wabwino ndi wokongola m'nyumba. Choyikira mu mphika chimalowa bwino mu chipinda chilichonse. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sipangakhale zovuta pakukula mtengo uwu panyumba (pambuyo pake, iwo amatsatiridwa bwino pamsewu). Koma ngati mukufuna fir yako kukhala yokongola, muyenera kulingalira zina mwazithunzizo ndikutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro.

Agave ndi zitsamba zosatha, maluwa amphamvu kwambiri. Tsamba la agave ndi lofiira, lamtundu, lakuda, lopindika ndi lopindika. Pamphepete mwa masamba pali lakuthwa ma spikes a bulauni mtundu ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 mm. Kunyumba kumera, ku South America, tsamba lalitali likhoza kufika mamita atatu. Agave ali ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zomwe tidzanena pambuyo pake.

Maranta, yomwe imapezeka m'madera otentha a ku Brazil, imayambitsa chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba komanso mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Monga chizindikiro choyamikila chisamaliro choyenera panyumba, chomera, ngakhale kawirikawiri, chimataya kunja. Ndipotu, zimakhala zosaoneka bwino komanso sizinali zokongola monga masamba a lanceolate omwe ali ndi mitsempha yeniyeni komanso mitsempha yambiri.

Zokongola ndi zoopsa. Kawirikawiri limamasula, koma olima maluwa amaluwa sakhudzidwa ndi izi. Mitengo yambiri yokonda kutentha imayamba kukondana ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira okhala ndi mtundu wodabwitsa. Maluwa okongola siwongowonjezera m'maofesi komanso m'nyumba zogona. Ndi chisamaliro chotani chomwe chimafunikira dieffenbachia, yesani kuzilingalira.

Dieffenbachia ndi membala wa banja la Aroid (Aroceae), omwe amapezeka kumadera otentha a Central ndi South America. Maluwawo anawatcha dzina lake JF Dieffenbach wa ku Germany. Mu mtundu wa Dieffenbachia, pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya zomera za herbaceous. Dieffenbachia ndi chomera chomera kwambiri chomwe chili ndi tsinde lakuda ndi masamba okongola, omwe, malinga ndi mitundu, akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti luso la kukula kwa coriander ndi lovuta kwambiri moti n'zosatheka kukula chomeracho pawindo. Lero tikambirana za momwe mungamere chomera chofunikira ichi m'nyumba mwanu. Chomera ichi ndi chabwino kwambiri "dokotala wobiriwira", ndipo kukula sikudzabweretsa "bonasi" yokoma yokha kuphika, komanso ubwino wathanzi.

Kukula kakombo kambewu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, koma ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ngati mumakondwera ndi kubzala mbewu. Ndili ndi njira yobalera yomwe maonekedwe abwino ndi olimba amapezeka. Koma tiyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti zizindikiro za zosiyana sizimatulutsidwa kudzera m'mbewu. Ngakhale kuti mutha kupeza zotsatira zosayembekezereka ndi zosangalatsa mwa mawonekedwe atsopano.

Mahatchi apamwamba samadziŵika monga zosangalatsa zachilengedwe. M'malo mwake, ndizofunika kokongoletsa nyumba, ofesi kapena alpine. Komanso, mitundu ina ya nyama imasinthidwa kwambiri kuti ikhale yoweta. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, zozizwitsa za chikhalidwe zakhala zopangidwa ndi nthano ndi zikhulupiriro. Ndipo zikhulupiriro zafika masiku athu mu mphamvu yake yamatsenga ndi machiritso.

Mitengo ya zomera ndi imodzi mwa zomera zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: zakhala zikukhala padziko lapansi kwa zaka zoposa 300 miliyoni, zakhala zikugwirizana ndi nyengo zosiyana siyana (pali zoposa 12,000 ferns), zowoneka bwino komanso zothandiza. Pteris ndi malo apadera pakati pa ferns, popeza chomera chachikulu ichi chokongola chidzapempha onse osadziwa zambiri (kusamalira chomera kunyumba ndi chosavuta) komanso okonda kwambiri maluwa.

Fittonia (planten) ndi nyumba yopangira nyumba ya Acantov, okondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa. Kuyamikirika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Kusamalira fittonia kunyumba kumathandiza kuzindikira zinthu zonse za kukongola kwa chomera ndipo zidzakwanira bwino mkati mwake. Mukudziwa? Chikhalidwe chinalemekezedwa ndi alongo awiri olankhula Chingerezi Fiton (Elizabeth ndi Sary-Maria), omwe m'zaka za zana la XIX anapanga buku loyamba la botan.

Mbalame ya Polyonis ndi chomera chotchuka kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zakuda za Northern Hemisphere. Pali mitundu mazana awiri ya fern, yomwe imasiyana mokongoletsera ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi m'munda wamaluwa ndi kunyumba. Mukudziwa? Ku US, fern polynyadorny ali pansi pa chitetezo, ndipo ku Russia izo zalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera.

Amaluwa ambiri amakonda kulima zomera zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusowa kwa maluwa kapena kuoneka kokongola. Ndizomwe zili choncho kuti polypodium, millipede, ikhoza kutchulidwa. Ambiri amvapo nthano za fern, yomwe imabweretsa mwayi. Ndipo tsopano mungathe kudziyesa nokha mwa kubzala mbewu yachilendo kunyumba kwanu.

Zolemba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yofanana ndi kukula pamalimi awo, akulemekeza maluwawa chifukwa cha ubwino wake. Zojambula zimamera nthawi yaitali komanso mwakhama, maluwa awo okongola amapereka chikondwerero. Mtundu wa Chitchaina cha Chitchainizichi uli ndi chithumwa chapadera. Ikhoza kukula miphika ndi kumunda.

Aglaonema akuonedwa kuti ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa Dieffenbachia ndipo ali ndi kufanana komweko ndi izo. Ndizitsamba zobiriwira zowongoka. Mu mitundu ina ya aglaonema, thunthu nthambi zimakhala pamtunda. Zitsanzo zazing'ono sizinatchulidwe.

Sage, wotchedwanso Salvia, ndi mtundu wochokera ku banja la Sacred Groves, lomwe limaphatikizapo zomera zosakaniza ndi zitsamba zosatha. Oimira a mtundu umenewu akhoza kupezeka ku Old and New World. Lero tiwona ngati n'zotheka kukula maluso pawindo ndi maonekedwe omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Philodendron ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Aroid, lomwe lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 900. Philodendrons kuthengo amapezeka m'mapiri otentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha, zomera zimakhala ku Central ndi South America. Popeza zomerazi zimakhala m'madera obiriwira, zimapangitsa kuti nyumba zogona zisakhale bwino, koma zimakula bwino m'minda yozizira.

Mkazi wokhala ndi mafuta, ndiwo mtundu wa zomera zokoma za banja la Crassulaceae, lomwe limagwirizanitsa mitundu 350 yomwe ikukula ku Africa, Madagascar, ndi kumwera kwa Arabia. Mitundu yambiri ya Crassula imakula ngati zomera zapakhomo ndipo zimatchuka kwambiri pamutu wakuti "mtengo wamtengo wapatali". Zomera zimatchedwa dzinali chifukwa cha masamba, omwe amawoneka ngati ndalama.

Koleria ndi chomera chokhazikika cha herbaceous, chodziwika ndi kulima kophweka, koma panthawi yomweyi sichikondweretsedwa kwambiri pakati pa alimi obzala. Ichi ndi chomera chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira a mawonekedwe oblongwa ndi mapiko ozungulira ndi maluwa osakanikirana okhala ndi belu.