Gulu Munda wa masamba

Nyamayi ndi masamba apadera omwe amakhudza anthu ambiri padziko lapansili. Zakudya zambiri zakonzedwa kuchokera mmenemo, ndipo masamba atsopano angadye ngati chakudya chodziimira. Ndikofunika kwambiri pa tebulo, osati nyengo yokha, komanso nyengo yachisanu, pamene mankhwala ochepetsetsa amadzaza thupi lathu ndi mavitamini ndi zinthu zopindulitsa.

Pakati pa nyengo za chilimwe komanso okonda, zinakhala zovuta kukula nkhaka ndi masamba ena kunyumba. Momwemonso, zomera zako zidzakhala pansi pa diso loyang'anira ndikusangalala ndi zokolola zambiri. Komabe, ngakhale mbewu zokolola kunyumba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane za matenda a nkhaka mukakula pawindo ndi mavuto amene amadza, ndipo chithunzichi chidzakuuzeni mdani panokha.

Nkhaka "Nezhinsky" inayamba kuonekera mumzinda wa Nezhin (Ukraine), motero dzina lake. Kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo ankawoneka ngati wabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kusungirako nthawi yayitali mu brine. Lero, chifukwa chowoneka ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi hybrids, ndi yochepa aiwalika, koma pachabe.

Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimakula lero ndi wamaluwa. Ndi mankhwala, zipatso ndi 95% madzi, ndipo zina zonse ndi carotene, mavitamini, macro- ndi microelements. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka, zomwe zimasiyana mofanana ndi chipatso, makulidwe a khungu, komanso kutalika kwa mbewu yokha.

Mutasankha kukula nkhaka, sizilibe kanthu payekha kapena kugulitsa, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi bwino kuteteza mavuto kusiyana ndi kuthana ndi zotsatira. Kudziwa malamulo a teknoloji yaulimi komanso mankhwala oyenera a nkhaka ku matenda a anthu amtunduwu amathandiza ngakhale alimi wamaluwa kuti apeze mbewu.

Pamene mukukula nkhaka, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi funso ngati akufuna kunyamula nkhaka masamba ndi kunyamula nkhaka masharubu. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino funso ili. Kodi iwo amachita chiyani icho? Pamene mukusamalira nkhaka, ambiri agronomists amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kapena kudula masamba. Ndondomekoyi yachitidwa kuti: kusintha mpweya wabwino; kuteteza zowola mizu; Kuunikira bwino kwa chomera; kuwonjezera zokolola za ndiwo zamasamba; kulumikiza bwino mbewu; kuchotsedwa kwa matenda, opusa ndi masamba akale; kutaya maluwa osabereka.

M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso imvula, anthu ambiri a chilimwe amakhudzidwa ndi funsoli: momwe angatetezere mabedi awo ndi nkhaka ku matenda monga powdery mildew. Iyi ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri, komwe, mwatsoka, ambiri wamaluwa amayenera kumenyana. M'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane zomwe powdery mildew ndichifukwa chake zikuwoneka pa nkhake komanso ndi njira zotani zotsutsana nazo.

Mame a mvula (kapena phulusa) ndi matenda a fungalomu omwe amakhudza mbewu zambiri, komanso tomato ndizosiyana. M'nkhani ino tiphunzira momwe ufa wa powdery umayang'aniranso tomato komanso momwe ungagwiritsire ntchito. Chowopsa ndi chiyani ndipo Mildew amachokera kuti ndi yoopsa chifukwa imatenga zakudya kuchokera ku chomeracho, imaphwanya njira ya photosynthesis, kupuma, imachititsa kuti chitsamba cha phwetekere chisakhazikike ngakhale pang'ono.

Zomera zophika pa chiwembu chaulimi nthawi zambiri zimakonda mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi. Mpheta, mbalame, kapena mbalame - mbalamezi, zouluka m'magulu, zimatha kulandira zipatso za mtengo umodzi wa chitumbuwa mu maola angapo. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, munda wamaluwa umabwera pofuna kuteteza wamaluwa kumalonda a mapiko.

Ngakhale wamaluwa odziwa bwino angathe kuthana ndi vuto ngati masamba a chikasu a tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zifukwa izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa komwe kumayambitsa vutoli pakapita nthawi kuti mupeze yankho ndikuthandizani kuti tomato ikule ndikukula. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake masamba a tomato obzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha amatembenukira chikasu ndikupeza njira zothetsera vutoli.

Nthawi zambiri amalima amayenera kuthana ndi makompyuta awo omwe amawunikira, omwe amawagwiritsira ntchito, amayambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo. Mkhalidwewu, womwe umayendetsedwa m'nyumba, umathandizira kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kulimbana ndi mavutowa ndi gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro cha mbewu za masamba.

Kukula tomato wa chitumbuwa lero ndi ntchito yotchuka. Koma momwe mungamere tomato yamtengo wapatali panyumba pawindo ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka, osati aliyense akudziwa. Zambiri zokhudza kufesa komanso kusamalira zozizwitsa zazing'ono zimaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi. Ndi mitundu iti ya tomato ya chitumbuwa yomwe ikuyenera kukula pawindo. Kuti musamalire zomera zinali zabwino, ndipo chitsamba sichinadwale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo, muyenera kusankha mitundu yochepa yomwe ikukula.

Kulima masamba aliwonse kumayamba ndi kubzala kwake, kotero ndikofunikira kudziŵa za zovuta zonse za njirayi. Kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungamerekere tomato kapena nkhaka pa mbande, mungathe kuyembekezera kukolola kwakukulu mu kugwa. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa nkhaniyi mwatcheru. Zomwe zimafunika kulima Kuwonjezera pa mbewu za nkhaka, mufunanso zigawo zina za kubzala: mphamvu, malingaliro abwino a nthaka komanso nyengo yabwino.

Kudyetsa nkhaka ndi ndondomeko yofunikira kuti tikwaniritse bwino zokolola. Kusiyanitsa kumatchula nthambi za mbali za chomera, kumadya zakudya za tsinde, zomwe zimataya mphamvu zake ndikubweretsa zipatso zochepa. Kutulutsidwa kwa masitepe a nkhaka kumathandiza kupanga zinthu zofunika ndi nthambi yaikulu ndikukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri.

Ngati muli ndi nyumba yanu yachilimwe, funso loti musamalime mbewu zamasamba simungakhoze kukukondani. Vuto lalikulu nthawi zambiri ndilo kusankha malo amodzi a kukula kwa nkhaka kapena tomato, chifukwa mungathe kumera palimodzi (m'munda) komanso ku polycarbonate wowonjezera kutentha.

Nkhaka nthawi zonse ilipo mu zakudya za munthu. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa masamba omwe amafala kwambiri m'mayiko ena a Soviet. Ndipotu, ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo sichimabweretsa zokolola zokha, komanso zimapindulitsa ndalama zambiri ku chilimwe. Wowonjezera kutentha kapena lotseguka pansi, nthawizonse kusankha zabwino zosiyanasiyana nkhaka. Nkhaka zimatha kukhala wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kumunda - obereketsa amapereka mitundu yambiri ya mbewu.

Kuti mupeze mbewu zabwino za zomera muyenera kupereka mchere woyenera nthawi. Koma lero, si aliyense amene angathe kugula feteleza zokonzedwa bwino, chifukwa chake tiyenera kukumbukira za mtengo wotsika, wotchuka, koma oiwala mankhwala. Ndipo imodzi mwa iwo ndi boric acid.

Lukhovitsky nkhaka ndi ofunika kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa ali ndi kukoma kokoma, mawonekedwe abwino ndipo ali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kumalongeza. Ngakhale mitundu iyi ikukula muzochitika zapadera, mungayesenso kuchita izi kunyumba. Mu nkhani tidzakambirana mmene kukonza zofunika zofunika kwa Lukhovitsky nkhaka kuti bwino kwambiri yokolola, komanso kupereka kufotokoza ake wotchuka mitundu.

Masamba ali m'kalasi ya kabichi, amaonedwa ngati zosiyanasiyana za radish. Ndi mitundu iyi yomwe sizimachitika kuthengo, mosiyana ndi ena onse. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti Asia ndi malo obadwira ndiwo zamasamba. Amakula ku Ulaya, North America, Australia ndi Asia. Black radish ili ndi zopindulitsa katundu ndi contraindications, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala ochizira matenda a chifuwa.

Nkhaka, monga momwe zimadziwira, ndi zomera zamasamba ndi m'munda zimafuna malo ambiri omasuka kwa masamba awo aakulu ndi masamba aakulu. M'madera ambiri a chilimwe amapereka zinyama zawo zaufulu kwaulere, ndipo amakula pamsewu komanso ngakhale m'mabedi oyandikana nawo. Koma ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati webusaitiyi ndi yaing'ono, koma ndikufuna ndikule kwambiri?