Gulu Peyala

Zipatso "Honey" mapeyala ndi onunkhira, yowutsa mudyo komanso amakhala ndi uchi. Mitengo imatenga malo pang'ono m'munda ndipo imakhala yosasamala mukasamalira. Ngakhale izi ndi zokwanira kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa mu mapeyala osiyanasiyana. Mbiri yobereka ndi dera la kuswana Mu 1964, gulu la asayansi ku Crimea linatha kukhazikitsa mapeyala atsopano - "Honey".

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akukonda mapeyala okoma. Komabe, mitengoyi kwa nthawi yayitali inanyamula nyengo ya dera lathu, ndipo chipatsocho chinangowonongeka. Pankhani imeneyi, zinakhala zofunikira kubzala mitundu yozizira yomwe saopa chisanu ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali muzofunikira.

Chifukwa chakusungidwa kwa mapeyala akukulirakulira ndikukula pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu yabwino imadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba yozizira komanso yokonzanso yokonzanso, komanso bwino kwambiri makhalidwe a chipatso. Koma zipatso izi si zokoma zokha, komanso zothandiza, zili ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi mchere.

Peyala ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zomwe zimapezeka pamsika. Masiku ano timapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingathe kukhutitsa ngakhale kulapa kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana "Rossoshanskaya mchere" - chimodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri ndi zodabwitsa onse maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zipatsozi?

Kumayambiriro kwa autumn "Bryansk Beauty" amatanthauza mzere wopambana wa mapeyala. Zakudya zimamupatsa zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri, mnofu wokoma kwambiri, mtundu wofiira wa mbali zodzaza ndi zokongola zokongola. Pofotokozera izi zosiyanasiyana, nkofunikira kutchula osati zokhazokha zokhazokha, komanso kudzipangira kwa mtengo, komanso kuopsa koopsa kwa chisanu.

Peyala ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zoyendetsera mbewu. Lero, chinthu chofunikira pakukula mtengo umenewu ndikuteteza kuzizira ndi matenda. Mitundu yotereyi ndi mtengo wa peyala "zaka zana". Pambuyo powerenga kufotokoza kwa chisamaliro cha mtengo uwu, mutha kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri m'munda wanu.

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti peyala ya ku China ndi yosavuta kwambiri, yowoneka ngati mchenga - chakudya chokoma, masitolo a mavitamini, thumba la zodzikongoletsera komanso chida choyamba chothandizira panthawi yomweyo. Ziwerengero zathu za Nashi zinabwera makamaka chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwakukulu, koma m'nkhani ino tidzakhala ndi msonkho ku zinthu zonse zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza za zipatso zachilendo.

Chilimwe ndi nyengo ya zokolola komanso zopatsa mphatso zachilengedwe. Ndi nthawi ino yomwe timayesa kusangalala ndi zipatso zabwino. Ndipo ngati atakula ndi manja awo, zosangalatsa zimakula nthawi zambiri. Choncho, obereketsa akuyesera kubweretsa mitundu yodzichepetsa komanso yobala zipatso. Ndipo imodzi mwa mphatso zotero kwa wamaluwa inali peyala ya zosiyanasiyana "Alyonushka" ("Thumbelina"), kufotokoza kwa zomwe tidzaperekanso.

Mlimi aliyense wodzilemekeza amadza ku maziko a munda wake wokhala ndi chisamaliro ndi chidwi, ndipo amasangalala ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Mphoto yabwino ya chinthu chotero ndi wolemera yokolola yowutsa mudyo zipatso. Ngati tikulankhula za juiciness of the fruit, ndiye kuti malo oyamba, mwala, amakhala ndi mapeyala.

Ngati mukufunafuna pear yosiyanasiyana yomwe siingathe kusunga ubwino wa zipatso zake, komabe ngakhale nthawi ikutha kukonzanso katundu wawo organoleptic - nkhaniyi, mosakayikira, yapangidwa kwa inu. Zidzakambirana za peyala ya ku Belarusi, yomwe imalongosola za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, zovuta za kubzala ndikuzisamalira.

Ngati mwasankha kubzala peyala pa chiwembu, muyenera kusankha mosamala zosiyanasiyana. Nkhani yathu idzafotokoza peyala ya "Red-side", komanso imapereka zizindikiro zake. Tidzakuuzani momwe mungamere mtengo ndikuusamalira. Mbiri ya kuswana kwa mbeu ndi dera la kubereketsa. Gulu la sayansi la sayansi yaulimi ya FSUE 'YUNISK linali kugwira ntchito zokolola zosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wa peyala zipatso pamsika, eni ambiri akuyang'ana zipatso zabwino zowonjezera zomwe zingabereke zipatso zokoma ndi zofewa. Lero tikambirana za peyala "Dukhmyanaya", perekani mwachidule za zosiyanasiyana, komanso fotokozani za ntchito. Mbiri yoberekera Tili ndi patsogolo pathu mabala a Belarus, omwe adapezeka chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa Aleksandrovka ndi Klapp Mapeyala okondedwa.

"Chuma" ndi yatsopano yophukira yowonjezera. M'nkhaniyi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe ndi kufotokoza kwa peyalayi, kukambilana za ubwino wake ndi zamwano, komanso phunzirani malamulo ena ofunika kusamalira mtengo. Mbiri yakuyambitsa "Chuma" - njira yatsopano ya kusankha kumwera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana inapezedwa ku bungwe lofufuza kafukufuku wa Hordavian Scientific Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture ndi Winemaking.

Mbuye aliyense amafuna kupeza mapeyala osiyanasiyana, omwe sangakhale ovuta kusamalira okha, komanso amatha kupanga zinthu zabwino zokoma. Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya peyala ili ndi zokolola zabwino, zimapanga mankhwala omwe alibe kukoma. Lero tidzakambirana zapadera zomwe zimakhalapo pamtunda - Pepala la Larinska, komanso timapereka mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane, tiyeni tigwirizane ndi chisankho chodzala zakuthupi ndi mtengo.

Mapeyala "Basi Maria" - mphatso yopita kudziko kuchokera kwa obereketsa ku Belarus. Icho ndi cha gulu lalikulu la mitundu, ndipo liri pafupi kwambiri pakati pa mchere. Anthu ambiri amatcha chomera chodabwitsa ichi "Santa Maria" chifukwa chodzichepetsa pa chisamaliro ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri zozizwitsa kukoma. Mbiri ya kubala Peyala "Just Maria" ndi mtundu watsopano wa Chibalarusi.

Peyala ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yambiri ya zipatso, ndipo zipatso za peyala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso popanga kupanikizana, compotes, zipatso zouma ndi zina zotsekemera zokoma. Kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake, peyala imakhalanso ndi zakudya zambiri, kotero m'munda uliwonse uyenera kukula mtengo umodzi wa peyala.

Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amadziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kusankha mtengo kwa chiwembu chochepa. Ndimafuna kuti munda uzikondweretsa diso osati zokha zokha, koma ndi zipatso zambiri zokongola. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amamvetsera mitengo ya zipatso yapakatikati, makamaka mapeyala. Talingalirani peyala yochititsa chidwi yomwe "Trout" yomwe imatilonjeza kuti tifotokoze za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, komanso momwe tingasamalire mbande izi mmbuyo mwathu.

Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya mapeyala, wokondedwa wa zipatso zonse. Mitundu yambiri ndi yokongoletsedwa ndi hybrids. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi peyala ya utawaleza. Anatengedwera ku Urals, komwe akhala akudziwika kwambiri. Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za izo. Mbiri ya Kusankhidwa Zonse zinayamba ndikuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zapakati pazomera zinapezeka mu nkhalango ya ku Belgium, yotchedwa Forest Beauty ndipo kenako itchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala "Bere Bosk" siidatchuka pakati pa wamaluwa kwa zaka mazana anayi. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: "Bere Alexander", "Bere Apremon", "Botolo". Zipatso zazikulu zimapsa m'dzinja, koma kuyembekezera kwawo kuli koyenera. Mbiri ya kuswana Bere Bosc ndi chiyambi cha French: iyo inalembedwa pafupi ndi Apremont (Champagne - Ardenes) kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XYIII.

Mapeyala ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zomwe zimadziwika bwino komanso zomwe timakonda mu zakudya zathu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndi othandiza komanso opezeka, mosiyana ndi zipatso zambiri zakunja. Mitundu yambiri ya mtengo wa chipatso ichi imayamikirika ndipo imayambitsa chisokonezo chifukwa chakuti ndi kovuta kusankha kuti ndiyani yemwe angasankhe ndikumala m'munda wake.